Congress of the Republic of Guatemala

{{Short description|Guatemalan national legislature}} {{Multiple issues| {{more footnotes needed|date=March 2013}} {{Update|reason=[https://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/10610/2023/4#gsc.tab=0 Parliamentary blocs have been established]|date=January 2024}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}} {{Infobox legislature | name = Congress of the Republic of Guatemala | native_name = Congreso de la República de Guatemala | native_name_lang = Lang-es | legislature = X Legislature | coa_pic = Logo del Congreso de la República de Guatemala.svg | coa_res = 150px | foundation = 11 March 1945 | house_type = Unicameral | leader1_type = President | leader1 = Luis Contreras | party1 = CREO | election1 = 14 January 2026 | leader2_type = 1st Vice President | leader2 = Nery Ramos | party2 = Blue | election2 = 14 January 2026 | leader3_type = 2nd Vice President | leader3 = Elmer Palencia | party3 = Valor | election3 = 14 January 2026 | leader4_type = 3rd Vice President | leader4 = Kevyn Escobar | party4 = Cabal | election4 = 14 January 2025 | leader5_type = 1st Secretary | leader5 = Juan Carlos Rivera | party5 = VICTORIA | election5 = 14 January 2026 | members = 160 members | structure1 = File:Guatemala Congress 2023.svg | structure1_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Government (25)''' *{{legend|#00CCC9|SEMILLA (24)}} *{{legend|#EB1C22|WINAQ-URNG (1)}} '''Others (135)''' *{{legend|#34478E|VAMOS (40)}} *{{legend|#50A700|UNE (27)}} *{{legend|#1642FD|CABAL (18)}} *{{legend|#10656B|VALOR (11)}} *{{legend|#00A3E6|VIVA (9)}} *{{legend|#652D92|TODOS (6)}} *{{legend|#CF152C|PPN (5)}} *{{legend|#D0147E|VOS (4)}} *{{legend|#E78C35|BIEN: (4)}} *{{legend|#FFCF00|CREO (3)}} *{{legend|#E11829|VICTORIA (3)}} *{{legend|{{party color|Unionist Party (Guatemala)}}|UNIONISTA (2)}} *{{legend|#FFEF00|ELEFANTE (1)}} *{{legend|#FBD504|Cambio (1)}} *{{legend|#1F21AA|AZUL (1)}} | structure2_res = 250px | voting_system1 = Closed-list proportional representation | last_election1 = 25 June 2023 | next_election1 = 2027 | session_room = 20240530 NP CONGRESO DE LA REPUBLICA 49 ANIVERSARIO CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA 022.jpg | session_res = 250px | meeting_place = Zone 1,Guatemala City | website = {{URL|www.congreso.gob.gt}} | motto = God, Union, Liberty }} {{Politics of Guatemala}}

The '''Congress of the Republic''' ({{langx|es|Congreso de la República}}) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Guatemala. The Guatemalan Congress is made up of 160 deputies who are elected by direct universal suffrage to serve four-year terms. The electoral system is closed party list proportional representation. 31 of the deputies are elected on a nationwide list, whilst the remaining 127 deputies are elected in 22 multi-member constituencies. Each of Guatemala's 22 departments serves as a district, with the exception of the department of Guatemala containing the capital, which on account of its size is divided into two ''(distrito central'' and ''distrito Guatemala)''. Departments are allocated seats based on their population size and they are shown in the table below.

== Deputies by Department==

{| class = "wikitable" |- ! Department ! Deputies |- | Listado Nacional | 31 |- | Distrito Central | 19 |- | Alta Verapaz | 9 |- | Baja Verapaz | 2 |- | Chimaltenango | 5 |- | Chiquimula | 3 |- | El Progreso | 1 |- | Escuintla | 6 |- | Guatemala (Distrito) | 11 |- | Huehuetenango | 10 |- | Izabal | 3 |- | Jalapa | 3 |- | Jutiapa | 4 |- | Petén | 4 |- | Quetzaltenango | 7 |- | Quiché | 8 |- | Retalhuleu | 3 |- | Sacatepéquez | 3 |- | San Marcos | 9 |- | Santa Rosa | 3 |- | Sololá | 3 |- | Suchitepéquez | 5 |- | Totonicapán | 4 |- | Zacapa | 2 |- |- | align="center" | '''Total''' | align="center" | 160 |}

== History == Guatemala had a bicameral legislature in the 1845 constitution. It was replaced with the unicameral Chamber of Representatives ({{langx|es|Cámara de Representantes}}), which was in turn reformulated as the National Assembly ({{langx|es|Asamblea Nacional|links=no}}) in 1879, then the Congress of the Republic in 1945.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044058953571|hdl = 2027/hvd.32044058953571|title = Guatemala|series = Latin American series; no. 30|year = 1947}}</ref>

== Political culture == It is not uncommon for deputies to change parties during the legislature's term or to secede from a party and create a new party or congressional block.

== Building == The Congress of the Republic Guatemala is located in the Legislative Palace in Guatemala city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palacio Legislativo |url=https://www.congreso.gob.gt/historia_congreso/2/1 |website=Congreso de la República |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

During the protests against the budget for 2021 on 21 November 2020, protestors entered the building and set parts of it on fire.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/21/world/americas/guatemala-budget-protests-congress-fire.html|title=Protesters in Guatemala Set Fire to Congress Building Over Spending Cuts|first1=Nic|last1=Wirtz|first2=Natalie|last2=Kitroeff|work=The New York Times|date=21 November 2021|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pérez D.|first=Sonia|date=21 November 2020|title=Protesters burn part of Guatemala's Congress building|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/protesters-burn-part-guatemalas-congress-building-74339199|url-status=live|access-date=28 November 2021|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121222323/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/protesters-burn-part-guatemalas-congress-building-74339199 |archive-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 November 2020|title=Protesters set fire to Guatemalan Congress|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/protesters-set-fire-to-guatemalan-congress/vi-BB1beTKg|access-date=28 November 2021|work=MSN.com|agency=AFP}}</ref>

==Latest election== {{main|2023 Guatemalan general election}} thumb|260x260px|Result of the legislative election. {{Election results | image = Congreso de Guatemala (2023) |firstround=National|secondround=District |alliance1=Vamos|votes1=628126|seats1=6|votes1_2=696325|seats1_2=33|totseats1=39|sc1=+23 |alliance2=National Unity of Hope|votes2=538010|seats2=5|votes2_2=571867|seats2_2=23|totseats2=28|sc2=–26 |alliance3=Semilla|votes3=488692|seats3=5|votes3_2=430297|seats3_2=18|totseats3=23|sc3=+16 |alliance4=Cabal|votes4=371215|seats4=3|votes4_2=401035|seats4_2=15|totseats4=18|sc4=New |alliance5=Vision with Values|votes5=288546|seats5=3|votes5_2=258605|seats5_2=8|totseats5=11|sc5=+4 |alliance6=Valor–Unionist|party6=Valor–Unionist|color6=#1f6592|votes6=229861|seats6=2|vspan6=3|aspan6=3|votes6_2=124133|seats6_2=3|totseats6=5|sc6=New |party7=Valor|seats7=N/A|votes7_2=197538|seats7_2=7|totseats7=7|sc7=–2 |party8=Unionist Party|seats8=N/A|votes8_2=22363|seats8_2=0|totseats8=0|sc8=–3 |alliance9=Will, Opportunity and Solidarity|votes9=186438|seats9=1|votes9_2=178750|seats9_2=3|totseats9=4|sc9=New |alliance10=Todos|votes10=169101|seats10=1|votes10_2=198893|seats10_2=5|totseats10=6|sc10=–1 |alliance11=URNG–MAIZ–Winaq|party11=URNG–MAIZ–Winaq|color11=#e15d27|votes11=133694|vspan11=3|aspan11=3|seats11=1|votes11_2=25013|seats11_2=0|totseats11=1|sc11=New |party12=Winaq|seats12=N/A|votes12_2=76137|seats12_2=0|totseats12=0|sc12=–3 |party13=Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity|seats13=N/A|votes13_2=87687|seats13_2=0|totseats13=0|sc13=–3 |alliance14=Nosotros|votes14=131217|seats14=1|votes14_2=138742|seats14_2=2|totseats14=3|sc14=New |alliance15=Victory|votes15=124946|seats15=1|votes15_2=126830|seats15_2=2|totseats15=3|sc15=– |alliance16=Bienestar Nacional|votes16=112742|seats16=1|votes16_2=121488|seats16_2=3|totseats16=4|sc16=–4 |alliance17=Blue Party|votes17=98487|seats17=1|votes17_2=109802|seats17_2=1|totseats17=2|sc17=New |alliance18=Elephant Community|votes18=95435|seats18=1|votes18_2=90040|seats18_2=1|totseats18=2|sc18=New |alliance19=Podemos|votes19=86475|seats19=0|votes19_2=87011|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=–1 |alliance20=Commitment, Renewal and Order|votes20=84667|seats20=0|votes20_2=102421|seats20_2=3|totseats20=3|sc20=–3 |alliance21=Movement for the Liberation of Peoples|votes21=74802|seats21=0|votes21_2=81142|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=–1 |alliance22=Humanist Party of Guatemala|votes22=61564|seats22=0|votes22_2=72059|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=–6 |alliance23=Change|votes23=52754|seats23=0|votes23_2=87821|seats23_2=1|totseats23=1|sc23=New |alliance24=National Advancement Party|votes24=45940|seats24=0|votes24_2=41594|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=–2 |alliance25=My Family|votes25=45402|seats25=0|votes25_2=44576|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New |alliance26=Republican Union|votes26=34982|seats26=0|votes26_2=34159|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=New |alliance27=National Convergence Front|votes27=28827|seats27=0|votes27_2=29386|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=–8 |alliance28=Guatemalan People's Party|votes28=23837|seats28=0|votes28_2=12672|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=New |alliance29=Republican Party|votes29=21658|seats29=0|votes29_2=20115|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New |alliance30=National Integration Party|votes30=13927|seats30=0|votes30_2=12416|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0|sc30=New |source=[https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc2/ENT TSE] (99.13% counted, national votes) [https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc3/DIV/e0 TSE] }}

=== Central American Parliament === {{Election results | image = {{Parliament diagram | background = #F8F9FA | n1 = 20 | p1 = Independent }} |party1=Vamos|votes1=655906|seats1=5|sc1=+2 |party2=National Unity of Hope|votes2=594918|seats2=4|sc2=–1 |party3=Semilla|votes3=425629|seats3=3|sc3=+2 |party4=Vision with Values|votes4=274193|seats4=2|sc4=+1 |party5=Valor–Unionist|color5=#1f6592|votes5=256291|seats5=2|sc5=+1 |party6=Todos|votes6=166509|seats6=1|sc6=– |party7=Will, Opportunity and Solidarity|votes7=155181|seats7=1|sc7=+1 |party8=Nosotros|votes8=131284|seats8=1|sc8=+1 |party9=Victory|votes9=120106|seats9=1|sc9=+1 |party10=URNG–MAIZ–Winaq|color10=#e15d27|votes10=118998|seats10=0|sc10=–2 |party11=Bienestar Nacional|votes11=108030|seats11=0 |party12=Elephant Community|votes12=100932|seats12=0 |party13=Blue Party|votes13=95540|seats13=0 |party14=Podemos|votes14=86116|seats14=0 |party15=Commitment, Renewal and Order|votes15=81892|sc15=–1|seats15=0 |party16=Humanist Party of Guatemala|votes16=70219|seats16=0 |party17=Change|votes17=55276|seats17=0 |party18=My Family|votes18=48948|seats18=0 |party19=National Advancement Party|votes19=41712|seats19=0 |party20=Republican Union|votes20=34415|seats20=0 |party21=National Convergence Front|votes21=28930|sc21=–2 |seats21=0 |party22=Guatemalan People's Party|votes22=23435|seats22=0 |party23=Republican Party|votes23=20666|seats23=0 | blank = 645511 | invalid = 1272521 | source = [https://primeraeleccion.trep.gt/#!/tc5/ENT TSE] (99.10% percent counted) }}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== * {{Official website|http://www.congreso.gob.gt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Congress Of Guatemala}} Guatemala Category:Government of Guatemala Guatemala Category:1945 establishments in Guatemala