{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Campanian|Middle Eocene}} | taxon = Stephanodus | authority = Zittel, 1883 | type_species = †''Stephanodus lybicus'' | type_species_authority = Zittel, 1883 | synonyms = * ''Ancistrodon'' <small>Debey, 1849</small> * ''Grypodon'' <small>Hay, 1899</small> * ?''Eotrigonodon'' <small>Weiler, 1929</small> }}
'''''Stephanodus''''' is a form genus of extinct fossil ray-finned fish, referring to the hook-shaped pharyngeal teeth present on the branchial arch of pycnodonts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kriwet |first=Jürgen |date=2005 |title=A comprehensive study of the skull and dentition of pycnodont fishes |url=https://www.academia.edu/1644963 |journal=Zitteliana |volume=A |issue=45 |pages=135–188}}</ref>
Some species placed in this genus were previously assigned to the fossil genus ''Grypodon'' <small>Hay, 1899</small>, which itself was created to replace the former genus name ''Ancistrodon'' <small>Debey, 1849</small> due to it being preoccupied by a junior synonym of the snake genus ''Agkistrodon.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Murray |first=A. M. |last2=Thewissen |first2=J. G. M. |date=2008 |title=Eocene actinopterygian fishes from Pakistan, with the description of a new genus and species of channid (channiformes)|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-04-09|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[41:EAFFPW]2.0.CO;2|issue=1|volume=28|pages=41-52|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kriwet |first=Jürgen |date=1999 |title=Mesozoic Fishes 2 - Systematics and Fossil Record, G. Arratia & H.-P. Schultze (eds.) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juergen-Kriwet/publication/234106863_Pycnodont_fishes_Neopterygii_Pycnodontiformes_from_the_upper_Barremian_Lower_Cretaceous_of_Una_Cuenca_Province_E-Spain_and_branchial_teeth_in_pycnodontid_fishes/links/59de36e4a6fdcca0d3203772/Pycnodont-fishes-Neopterygii-Pycnodontiformes-from-the-upper-Barremian-Lower-Cretaceous-of-Una-Cuenca-Province-E-Spain-and-branchial-teeth-in-pycnodontid-fishes.pdf |journal=|chapter=Pycnodont fishes (Neopterygii, +Pycnodontiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Uña (E-Spain) with comments on branchial teeth in pycnodontid fishes|publisher=Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil|pages=215-238}}</ref> ''Eotrigonodon'' is likely also another synonym for the genus<ref name=":0" />, but this is not completely certain.<ref name=":1" />
The following species are placed in this genus:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Woodward |first=Arthur Smith |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Catalogue_of_the_Fossil_Fishes_in_the_Br/PwfNqZmEWYIC? |title=Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History): containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli, Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part) |date=1895 |publisher=Trustees of the British Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hay |first=O. P. |date=1899 |title=On Some Changes in the Names, Generic and Specific, of Certain Fossil Fishes |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2454274 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=33 |issue=394 |pages=783–792 |issn=0003-0147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=100374}}</ref>
* '''''S. lybicus''''' <small>(Zittel, 1888)</small> (type species) - Maastrichtian of Niger (Dukamaje Formation), Mali (Ménaka Formation) & India (Takli, Lameta, and Intertrappean Beds Formations), Paleocene of Mali (Tamaguélelt Formation), Eocene of India (Cambay Shale & Khuiala Formation) * '''''S. texanus''''' <small>(Dames, 1883)</small> - Late Cretaceous of Texas, US * '''''S. mosensis''''' <small>(Dames, 1883)</small> - Campanian of Germany (Vaals Greensand) and Maastrichtian of Netherlands (Maastricht Formation)
The alleged species ''S. armatus'' <small>(Gervais, 1852)</small> from the middle Eocene of Belgium and ''S. vicentinus'' <small>(Dames, 1883)</small> from the Oligocene of Italy likely represent indeterminate tetraodontiform teeth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Geology |first=British Museum (Natural History) Department of |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Catalogue_of_the_Fossil_Fishes_in_the_Br/ZtEKAQAAIAAJ? |title=Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History): Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi, Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii, and Anacanthini |last2=Woodward |first2=Arthur Smith |date=1901 |publisher=order of the Trustees |language=en}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q41158423}}
Category:Pycnodontiformes genera
{{Pycnodontiformes-stub}} Category:Fossils of India Category:Fossils of Pakistan Category:Fossils of Mali Category:Fossils of Niger Category:Fossils of Germany Category:Fossils of Texas Category:Late Cretaceous bony fish Category:Fossil taxa described in 1883 Category:Late Cretaceous fish of North America Category:Cretaceous fish of Europe Category:Late Cretaceous fish of Africa Category:Eocene fish of Asia