'''Gruffudd''' or '''Gruffydd''' ({{IPA|cy|ˈɡrɨ̞fɨ̞ð}} or {{IPA|cy|ˈɡrɪfɪð|}}, in either case)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geiriadur yr Academi: Morffoleg y Gymraeg: Orthography and Pronunciation: Vowels|url=https://geiriaduracademi.org/morffoleg-y-gymraeg/#vowels|website=Geiriadur yr Academi}}</ref> is a Welsh name, originating in Old Welsh as a given name and today used as both a given and a surname. It is the origin of the Anglicised name ''Griffith[s]'', and was historically sometimes treated as interchangeable with the etymologically unrelated Germanic name ''Galfrid'' (Latinised as ''Galfridus''). The Welsh form evolved from the Common Brittonic ''Grippiud'' or ''Gripuid''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames">Morgan, T.J., Welsh Surnames, Qualitex Printing Limited, Cardiff, 1985, The ''Orthography of Welsh Surnames 5-8'', ''Gruffydd'' pgs 103–105, ''first element gruff as a noun means 'magic wand' and second element iudd as a noun means 'lord', found on page 160 entry for Maredudd''</ref> The meaning of the name is “strong lord.”
==Evolution and history== One of the oldest forms which gave rise to all other variations is ''Grippiud'' or ''Gripuid'', which evolved into Old Welsh ''Griffudd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> The second element of the name, ''iudd'', as a noun has a meaning of 'lord' and is found in other Welsh names such as ''Meredith'' (''Mared[i]udd'') and ''Bleidd[i]udd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> In North Wales ''Griffudd'' evolved into ''Gruffudd''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> “When u came to have the same quality as the clear y (the y of monosyllables and final syllables) the name generally became Gruffydd, and this is now regarded as the standard form,” according to T.J. Morgan and Prys Morgan.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> ''Gruffudd'' of Old Welsh became spelt as ''Gruffydd'' in Middle Welsh and Modern Welsh of today. The high central vowel sound of ''u/y'' was lost entirely in South Wales and replaced by the ''i'' sound, and the form ''Griffidd'' became standard in the south, the region to first be encountered by Anglo-Norman scribes.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Variations== Anglo-Norman scribes rendered ''Griffidd'' and ''Gruffydd'' as ''Griffith'', with both ''Gruffydd'' and ''Griffith'' becoming the standardized forms for the same name since the High Middle Ages and into the modern era.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> The form of the name encountered in Latin texts is ''Griffith'', ''Griffini'' and ''Gruffin''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
Many variations have evolved since the Middle Ages and Tudor period, with many springing from abbreviated forms such as ''Griff''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
''Griffri, Griffith, Griffyn, Griffei, Griffies, Griffitte, Griffits, Griffitts, Griffes, Griffyths, Gripthis, Gripphes, Griffithi, Griffen, Griffee, Griffey, Gruffudd, Gruffydd''<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
Patronymics evolving from ''Griffith'' include ''Griffiths'' and ''Griffyths'', ''son of Griffith''.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Hypocoristic forms== Hypocoristic forms, or “pet names”, included ''Guto, Gutyn, Gitto, Getyn, Gitton,'' and ''Gutta'', with many of these becoming surnames themselves.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/> Derivations of Gruffydd by way of Guto/Gitto include ''Gittos, Gittose, Gittoss, Gittas, Gyttes, Gitts, Gytts, Gittus, Gitthouse, Gyttors, Gittonce, Gittal, Gittall, Gyttall, Gittall, Gethyn.'' <ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
The name ''Gatehouse'' may have originated in some parts of Wales and the March from ''Gittose'' or a variant as a conscious effort to further anglicize the name.<ref name="Welsh Surnames"/>
==Names== The name may refer to the following people, often with either spelling used, among other variants such as '''Gruffuth''', '''Griffudd''', etc. {{crossref|(see Griffith (name) for details, hypocoristic forms, etc.)}}:
===As a given name=== <!-- This list is sorted by surname/patronmic, exclusive of the ap/ab/map/mab/vab particle. --> * Gruffudd ab Adda (fl. mid 14th century) was a Welsh language poet and musician * Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr (c. 1375 – c. 1412) led a major revolt in Wales * Gruffudd ab yr Ynad Coch (1277–1282), Welsh court poet * Gruffudd ap Cynan * Gruffudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, the grandson of the king of Gwynedd * Gruffudd Fychan I * Gruffudd Fychan II * Gruffudd Gryg (1340–1380), Welsh poet from Anglesey, North Wales * Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn * Gruffudd Hiraethog (died 1564), Welsh language poet * Gruffudd ap Llywelyn * Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr (c. 1198 – March 1, 1244), son of Llywelyn the Great * Gruffudd Llwyd (1380–1410), Welsh language poet * Gruffydd ap Madog Fychan * Gruffydd II ap Madog, Lord of Dinas Bran * Gruffydd Maelor * Gruffudd ap Nicolas *Gruffydd Robert, Welsh priest * Gruffydd ap Rhydderch * Gruffydd ap Rhys * Gruffydd ap Rhys II * Gruffudd Vychan, (born 1395), Lord of Burgedin, Treflydan, Garth and Gearfawr, Wales <!-- This list is sorted by surname/patronmic, exclusive of the ap/ab/map/mab/vab particle. -->
{{given name|Gruffudd|Gruffydd}}
=== As a surname or patronymic === <!--This list is sorted by given name. --> *Ioan Gruffudd (born 1973), Welsh actor *Rhodri ap Gruffudd (1230–1315), the third or fourth son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr
==See also== *Galfrid *Griffith (name) *Griffith (surname) *Griffiths
==References== {{Reflist}}
Category:Welsh masculine given names Category:Masculine given names Category:Welsh-language surnames