{{Short description|Cemetery in Hudson County, New Jersey, US}} {{Infobox cemetery |name = Grove Church Cemetery |image = Grove Church Cemetery Gate.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Gate entrance along Kennedy Boulevard |established = 1847 |country = United States |location = North Bergen, New Jersey |coordinates = {{coord|40.7831566|-74.0259734|region:US-NJ_type:landmark_source:GNIS|display=ti}} |type = Nonsectarian |owner = Reformed Grove Church |size = {{convert|8|acres|ha}} |graves= |findagraveid=100012 |website ={{URL|https://www.grovereformedchurch.org/}} }}
The '''Grove Church Cemetery''' is a nonsectarian cemetery,<ref name=sons63>Brooklyn Fairchild Sons, p. 63.</ref> located on the western slope of the Hudson Palisades, along with several other cemeteries in a string of green open space, in Hudson County, New Jersey,<ref name="int">{{cite web|title=Grove Church Cemetery Hudson County, New Jersey|url=https://www.interment.net/data/us/nj/hudson/grove_church/grove.htm|work=Interment.net: Cemetery Records Online|publisher=Clear Digital Media, Inc|access-date=September 22, 2010|date=1997–2010}}</ref> United States. The Grove Church, who owns the cemetery, is one of the oldest religious bodies in the area, and it has had an operating cemetery since 1847. Throughout its history, prominent families have been buried there, as well as American Civil war veterans. There have also been reports of vandalism and misuse of the property since the 19th century, and in 2007 some of the cemetery grounds were occupied by the homeless.
==Location== thumb|left|Map of cemetery in 1873. Grove Church Cemetery is located at 1132 46th Street in North Bergen, New Jersey. The cemetery also fronts Kennedy Boulevard which in the 19th century was known as Dallytown Road,<ref name=win/> or Bergenwood Road.<ref name=crem/><ref>Inskeep, p. 228.</ref> Overlooking into the Secaucus, it starts at the top and extends onto the middle of the western face of the Hudson Palisades. Grove Church Cemetery is one of several burial sites on the western slope, along with Machpelah Cemetery, Hoboken Cemetery and Weehawken Cemetery,<ref name=gov202>National Board of Health, p. 202.</ref> which is only a few blocks away from Grove Church along with Palisades Cemetery. These grounds constitute a string of green open spaces in North Hudson County.<ref>Hagstrom Map, Hudson County.</ref> The gated entrance is across the street, east of the Bergenline Avenue station of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail in Union City, New Jersey. thumb|right|Grove Church Cemetery is located at the western slope of the Palisades.
==History== Located in then both Union Hill<ref name=sons63/> and New Durham,<ref name=leo40>Leonard, p. 40.</ref> the Reformed Church at New Durham which was also known as the "Grove Church",<ref name=win>Winfield, p. 388.</ref> was for many years the only Dutch Reformed church in the area.<ref name=crem/> It has been operational since April 12, 1843,<ref name=win/> and was one of the first religious bodies established in the wilds of North Hudson,<ref name=crem/> the Bergen Woods. The first pastor was Reverend Philip Duryee who acted until 1844,<ref name=win/> and was succeeded by William Taylor, a Rutgers graduate who later acted as pastor for a nearby Jersey City congregation.<ref>Wilson, et al, p. 42</ref> Taylor was succeeded by William Mabon in 1846.<ref name=win/> The land at the cemetery has been used for burial purposes since 1847,<ref name=gov202/> which has made it one of the oldest burial grounds in Hudson County.<ref name=crem>United States Cremation Company, et al., p. 8.</ref> Typical grave depths are approximately five feet, and the grounds bare dry soils of yellowish earth, loose drift gravel, and pockets of sand, as well as occurrences of trap rock.<ref name=gov202/> Before the turn of the 20th century, there were two vaults on the premises, one made of brick and the other of stone;<ref name=gov202/> there are many more now. Overall, the grounds at Grove Church Cemetery are roughly {{convert|8|acres|ha}}.<ref>State Dept. of Health, p. 234.</ref> Because of the natural descent of the cemeteries location on the western side of the Palisades, ground water flows into the surrounding marshes in Secaucus, and contamination of wells, springs, and water-courses in the surrounding area is very low.<ref name=gov202/> Other than having a relatively large congregation, many of the church members were of wealth, and owned plots and vaults in the cemetery.<ref name=crem/>
In the year 1890, Edwin B. Young, a descendant of United Empire Royalists and a colonel in the King's Royal, was made superintendent of the grounds.<ref name=harv/> A particular wealthy family, the Gardners, had large granite vaults built very visibly to pedestrians along then Bergenwood Road. It was reported by the ''New York Sun'' that grave robbers had broken into various vaults at Grove Church. The Gardner vault had been found opened, which required the vandal to smash locks as well as break the iron railing, which was believed to be achieved by the use of hammers and chisels stolen from on adjoined marble yard. Robert Gardner's metallic coffin was found opened, removed from the shelf upon which it sat. The investigation, led by Superintendent Young, left those involved unsure of why the perpetrators would have broken in, and with no apparent objective or reason, they concluded that it may have been done simply to desecrate the resting place of the dead.<ref name=crem/> Young held that position of superintendent until 1899, for the pursuit of real estate.<ref name=harv>Harvey, p. 135.</ref>
It is owned and maintained by the Reformed Grove Church, and is still active and well kept,<ref name=int/> and the offices are located on the cemetery grounds. There are 31 American Civil War veteran graves at Grove Church Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grove Church Cemetery – North Bergen|url=https://newjerseycivilwargravestones.org/cemetery.php?cemID=3|work=New Jersey Civil War Gravestones|access-date=22 September 2010|date=2003–2010}}</ref>
==Use by the homeless== thumb|left|Cemetery along southern perimeter. Called "a cemetery for the living",<ref name=lobo/> it was reported in 2007 that between 30 and 135 homeless people were squatting in the Grove Church Cemetery. An investigation had been brought on by a sexual assault of a woman, who was near the Bergenline Avenue Station of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, and by knife-point was brought into the cemetery and assaulted.<ref name="jim">{{cite news|last=Hague|first=Jim|title=Dozens of immigrants hiding in cemetery Vagrants say they have nowhere to live besides North Bergen graveyard|url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2413306/article-Dozens-of-immigrants-hiding-in-cemetery-Vagrants-say-they-have-nowhere-to-live-besides-North-Bergen-graveyard?|access-date=23 September 2010|newspaper=Hudson Reporter|date=September 2, 2007}}</ref> Upon searching the grounds, police found remnants of living activity, namely mattresses, pillows, and blankets, as well as garbage strewn across the lawn.<ref name="jim2">{{cite news|last=Hague|first=Jim|title=Chasing them away Police conduct sweeps of vagrants living in cemetery|url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/2413560/article-Chasing-them-away-Police-conduct-sweeps-of-vagrants-living-in-cemetery?|access-date=23 September 2010|newspaper=Hudson Reporter|date=September 25, 2007}}</ref> Also, small shacks had been built along the perimeter. To the dismay of neighbors, who had complained about the noise and feeling unsafe, there was not much that the police could do to remove the people off of the premises; there is no law against loitering in public places. One victim, however, claimed that there were bronze urns stolen from his relative's tomb.<ref name="lobo">{{cite web|last=Loboguerrero|first=Cristina|title=A cemetery for the living|url=http://www.indypressny.org/nycma/voices/287/news/news_1/|work=Voices that must be heard|publisher=New York Community Media Alliance|access-date=23 September 2010|date=September 3, 2007}}</ref> In addition, the Reformed Grove Church had been supporting the homeless by providing them with meals, as it is within their rights and devotion to charity that they will not turn away anyone seeking help.<ref name=jim/>
The homeless, who were by majority South and Central American males, said that they came into the area from their respective countries in promise of work. A particular individual who was interviewed said that the work he was told about had only been short term and, along with many of the others, had nowhere else to go.<ref name=jim/> Most who had been approached about relocation into nearby homeless shelters express their hesitation to leave the Grove Church Cemetery grounds, fearful that they would lose the freedom they had on the public property. Measures were taken to remove and clean up the cemetery, and it is believed that while some may have entered into shelters, others likely still reside in the general area, while some had moved into the wooded eastern side of the Palisades hills in Union City,<ref name=jim2/> where many shacks can be seen supporting the homeless.
==Notable burials== * James Buttersworth (1817–1894), English painter who specialized in maritime art<ref>Grassby, p. 10.</ref> * William Hexamer (1825–1870), American Civil War major * Horace Grant Underwood (1859–1916), transferred to Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery
==See also== {{Portal|New Jersey}} * List of cemeteries in Hudson County, New Jersey * List of cemeteries in New Jersey {{Clear}}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=20em}}
==Sources== * {{cite book|last=Brooklyn Fairchild Sons|title=Fairchild Cemetery Manual a Reliable Guide to the Cemeteries of Greater New York and Vicinity|year=2010|publisher=General Books LLC|isbn=978-1-152-90435-4|pages=202|url=https://archive.org/stream/fairchildcemeter00fair/fairchildcemeter00fair_djvu.txt|chapter=Grove Church Cemetery}} * {{cite book|last=Grassby|first=Richard B.|title=Ship, sea & sky: the marine art of James Edward Buttersworth|url=https://archive.org/details/shipseaskymarine0000gras|url-access=registration|year=1994|publisher=Rizzoli|isbn=0-8478-1805-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shipseaskymarine0000gras/page/128 128]}} * {{Cite book|last=Hagstrom Map|publisher = Hagstrom Map Company, Inc|isbn = 978-0-88097-763-0|title = Hudson County New Jersey Street Map |year = 2008}} * {{cite book|last=Harvey|first=Cornelius Burnham|title=Genealogical history of Hudson and Bergen counties, New Jersey|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhis00harvgoog|year=1900|publisher=New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Co|isbn=0-7884-0424-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhis00harvgoog/page/n655 617]}} * {{cite book|last=Inskeep|first=Carolee|title=The graveyard shift: a family historian's guide to New York City cemeteries|year=1998|publisher=Ancestry Publishing|isbn=0-916489-89-2|pages=296|chapter=New York City Metropolitan Area Cemeteries}} * {{cite book|last=Leonard|first=J. H.|title=The Leonard Manual of the Cemeteries of New York and Vicinity|year=1901|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|isbn=1-115-04459-1|pages=148}} * {{cite book|last=National Board of Health|title=Annual report of the National Board of Health, 1879–1885|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SsgAQAAIAAJ|year=1879|publisher=Government Printing Office|pages=477|chapter=Cemeteries and Burials}} * {{cite journal|last=State Dept. of Health, New Jersey. Board of Health|title=Annual report|journal=New Jersey. Board of Health|year=1898|pages=392|oclc=1759842}} * {{cite journal|author1=United States Cremation Company |author2=New York Cremation Society |author3=Manhattan Cremation |author4=President Society |title=The Urn|year=1894|volume=3|pages=12|publisher=Louis Lange|oclc=10983514}} * {{cite journal|last=Wilson|first=James Grant|author2=Fiske, John|title=Appleton's cyclopædia of American biography|year=1889|publisher=D. Appleton and company|oclc=5205626}} * {{cite journal|last=Winfield|first=Charles Hardenburg|title=History of the county of Hudson, New Jersey: from its earliest settlement to the present time|year=1874|publisher=Kennard & Hay Stationery M'fg and Print. Co|oclc=426912|pages=568}}
==Further reading== * {{cite journal|last=Taylor|first=Benjamin Cook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2twRAAAAIAAJ&q=Annals%20of%20the%20classis%20of%20Bergen%2C%20of%20the%20Reformed%20Dutch%20church%20and%20of%20the%20churches%20under%20its%20care%20%3A%20including%20the%20civil%20history%20of%20the%20ancient%20township%20of%20Bergen%2C%20in%20New%20Jersey&pg=PP1|title=History of the Reformed Dutch Church at New Durham|journal=Annals of the Classis of Bergen, of the Reformed Dutch Church and of the Churches Under Its Care|year=1857|pages=374–385|oclc=210584471}} – Early Church History, with writings by the pastors 1839–1857.
==External links== * {{Official website|https://www.grovereformedchurch.org/}} * {{Find a Grave cemetery|100012}} * {{GNIS|876833}} * [https://newjerseycivilwargravestones.org/cemetery.php?cemID=3 Civil War Gravestones at Grove Church Cemetery] at New Jersey Civil War Gravestones
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Category:North Bergen, New Jersey Category:Cemeteries in Hudson County, New Jersey Category:Protestant Reformed cemeteries in the United States Category:1847 establishments in New Jersey Category:Cemeteries established in the 1840s