Griffinia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Griffinia liboniana1ALagarde.jpg |image_caption = ''Griffinia liboniana''<ref>illustration from Annales de la Société royale d’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand, Journal d’horticulture by Charles Morren (editor). Gand [Gent], Local de la Société (Casino), etc., 1845, volume 1, plate 13. Hand-coloured lithograph by Alex. Lagarde</ref> |taxon = Griffinia |authority = Ker-Gawl.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/130909#page/32/mode/1up Ker Gawler, John Bellenden 1820. Botanical Register 6, plate 444 + 2 subsequent text pages] full-page color illustrion, description in Latin, commentary in English</ref> |synonyms_ref = <ref name = "POWO, 2023" /> |synonyms = * ''Hyline'' Herb. * ''Libonia'' Lem. |type_species = ''Griffinia hyacinthina'' |type_species_authority = (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl.<ref name = "IPNI, 2023">''Griffinia'' | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/330432-2</ref> |range_map = Brazil in the world (W3).svg |range_map_caption = ''Griffinia'' is endemic to Brazil<ref name = "POWO, 2023" /> }}

'''''Griffinia''''' is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref> It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil.<ref name = "POWO, 2023" /> The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic ''Worsleya''. thumb|Development of inflorescence of ''Griffinia espiritensis'' var. ''ituberae'' thumb|Lateral view of inflorescence of ''Griffinia espiritensis'' var. ''ituberae'' thumb|Detail of flower of ''Griffinia espiritensis'' var. ''ituberae'' thumb|Immature bulb of ''Griffinia gardneriana''

The members of the genus ''Griffinia'' are tropical, bulbous plants which grow in high levels of humidity. The leaves are green, petiolate, elliptical, sometimes with white speckles on them. The flowers are typical for the tribe - lilac or blue colored (although there are also white - colored species) and collected into an umbel. Many of the members in this genus are endangered because of the deforestation of their habitat.<ref>Preuss, Kevin D. 2000. The Genus ''Griffinia'' Ker Gawler (Amaryllidaceae), Revisited. Herbertia 54(1999): 51-66.</ref>

== Taxonomy == ''Griffinia'' {{small|Ker Gawl.}} was published by John Bellenden Ker in 1820 with ''Griffinia hyacinthina'' {{small|(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl.}} as the type species.<ref name = "Meerow et al., 2000" /> The genus ''Hyline'' {{small|Herb.}} published by William Herbert in 1840 is now a synonym of ''Griffinia'' {{small|Ker Gawl.}},<ref name = "POWO, 2023" /> but it was retained on the subgeneric level as the subgenus ''Griffinia'' subg. ''Hyline'' Rav. published by Pedro Felix Ravenna in 1969.<ref name = "Meerow et al., 2000" /> The genus ''Libonia'' Lem. published by Charles Antoine Lemaire in 1852 is a synonym of ''Griffinia'' {{small|Ker Gawl.}}<ref name = "POWO, 2023" /> ===Subgenera=== The genus ''Griffinia'' is divided into ''Griffinia'' subg. ''Hyline'' {{small|Ravenna}}, in which only ''Griffinia gardneriana'' (Herb.) Ravenna and ''Griffinia nocturna'' Ravenna are placed, as well as the autonymous subgenus ''Griffinia'' subg. ''Griffinia'', which includes all other species.<ref name = "Meerow et al., 2000">Meerow, A. W., Preuss, K. D., Fernando, A., & Tombolato, C. (2000, August). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230622190752/https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/2963/pdf "''Griffinia'' (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential."] In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570 (pp. 57–64).</ref>

===Species=== As of June 2023, the genus comprises 23 species:<ref name = "POWO, 2023">{{cite POWO |id=330432-2 |title=''Griffinia'' Ker Gawl. |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> {{div col}} *''Griffinia alba'' K.D.Preuss & Meerow *''Griffinia albolineata'' Campos-Rocha *''Griffinia angustifolia'' Campos-Rocha, Dutilh & Semir *''Griffinia aracensis'' Ravenna *''Griffinia arifolia'' Ravenna *''Griffinia capixabae'' Campos-Rocha & Dutilh *''Griffinia colatinensis'' Ravenna *''Griffinia concinna'' (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Ravenna *''Griffinia espiritensis'' Ravenna *''Griffinia gardneriana'' (Herb.) Ravenna *''Griffinia hyacinthina'' (Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. *''Griffinia ilheusiana'' Ravenna *''Griffinia intermedia'' Lindl. *''Griffinia itambensis'' Ravenna *''Griffinia liboniana'' É.Morren *''Griffinia meerowiana'' Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto *''Griffinia mucurina'' Ravenna *''Griffinia nocturna'' Ravenna *''Griffinia ornata'' T.Moore *''Griffinia parviflora'' Ker Gawl. *''Griffinia paubrasilica'' Ravenna *''Griffinia rochae'' G.M.Morel *''Griffinia rostrata'' Ravenna {{div col end}} Several unplaced names exist: *''Hyline itaobina'' Ravenna was published by Pedro Felix Ravenna in 2003.<ref>{{cite POWO |id=20010954-1 |title=''Hyline itaobina'' Ravenna |accessdate=24 November 2024}}</ref> *''Hyline paraensis'' Ravenna was published by Pedro Felix Ravenna in 2003.<ref>{{cite POWO |id=20010955-1 |title=''Hyline paraensis'' Ravenna |accessdate=24 November 2024}}</ref>

==Conservation== ''Griffinia intermedia'' is categorized as endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is only known from two locations, in which the species, as well as its habitat is continually declining.<ref name = "Moraes, 2016">Moraes, L. 2016. ''Griffinia intermedia''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T107250175A107302180. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T107250175A107302180.pt. Accessed on 15 May 2023.</ref> An initiative has been taken to replicate the fragrance of ''Griffinia gardneriana'', which is threatened with extinction, for the creation of a perfume. The sale of the perfume is meant to financially contribute to the conservation effort for this species.<ref name = "Fischermann, 2022">Fischermann, T. (2022, February 4). Jägerin der verlorenen Düfte. ZEIT ONLINE. Retrieved July 1, 2023, from https://www.zeit.de/2022/06/pflanzenschutz-kosmetik-luiza-de-paula-the-red-list-project</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Amaryllidaceae genera Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Endemic flora of Brazil