{{Short description|Village and civil parish in Cumbria, England}} {{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} {{Use British English|date=June 2014}} {{Infobox UK place | official_name = Greysouthen | country = England | region = North West England | static_image = The Old Punchbowl Pub in Greysouthen.jpg | static_image_caption = The Old Punchbowl Pub in Greysouthen | static_image_alt = The Old Punchbowl pub in Greysouthen | population = 584 | population_ref = (Parish, 2021)<ref name=2021census>{{cite web |title=2021 Census Parish Profiles |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021_pp |website=NOMIS |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=31 March 2025}} (To get individual community data, use the query function on table PP002.)</ref> | os_grid_reference = NY07086 29077 | post_town = Cockermouth | postcode_area = CA | postcode_district = CA13 | dial_code = 019000 | constituency_westminster = Whitehaven and Workington | civil_parish = Greysouthen | london_distance_mi = 250<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances --> | london_direction = S |unitary_england= Cumberland |lieutenancy_england= Cumbria | coordinates = {{coord|54.648|-3.441|display=inline,title}} }}
'''Greysouthen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|eɪ|s|uː|n}} {{respell|GRAY|soon}}) is a village and civil parish between the towns of Workington and Cockermouth, in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, North West England. It lies a couple of miles outside the boundary of the Lake District National Park. The village has an historic association with coal mining.
==History== In 1870, Greysouthen was described as a settlement of 136 houses, with an agricultural implement factory, a Quakers' chapel, a Wesleyan chapel and a flax mill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greysouthen |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/place/4601 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> In 1901 Greysouthen civil parish had an area of 1,558 acres.<ref name="fletchers">{{cite web|title= The Flectchers|url=http://www.fivenine.co.uk/local_history_notebook/Broughton%20Cross/fletchers.htm|publisher= Bulmer's History & Directory Of Cumberland, 1901 |accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref>
===Mining=== There is evidence of settlers digging for coal across west Cumbria as early as the 13th century.<ref name=VisitCumbria>{{cite web|title= Visit Cumbria|url=http://www.visitcumbria.com/history.htm|publisher= VisitCumbria |accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> Coal mining began in the Greysouthen area in the late 16th century.<ref>{{cite web|title= Cumbria's Past History|url=http://cumbriapast.com/ms/pdf/projects2010.pdf|publisher= Cumbria past |accessdate=2 May 2013}}{{page needed|date=June 2014}}</ref>
A majority stake in Greysouthen's coal lease was sold to William Walker & Company in 1787. The business remained profitable for the next 80 years. Another firm{{which|date=June 2014}} entered Greysouthen's coal extraction industry in 1800. Wilson & Company invested in another colliery within Greysouthen.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} The two collieries distributed coal tokens which represented the success of the mines. Between these two mines a feud broke out over mine space. Wilson & Co was fined £16,000 damages over illegally mining William Walker & Company's land.
By the start of the 19th century Greysouthen's thriving mining industry had become the sole employer. To house miners, small rows of cottages were built within the town. In 1823 Joseph Birbeck and J.W. Flecter began mining in Greysouthen. A tax value of £20 was introduced for the annual lease of 400 tons of coal. For every ton mined over this, an additional tax of 1 shilling was applied.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cumbria mining history explained| year=1877 | publisher=Printed by T. Wilson and sons |url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionscum15collgoog/transactionscum15collgoog_djvu.txt= |accessdate=2 May 2013}}{{page needed|date=June 2014}}</ref>
The Melgramfitz pit was closed in 1886, which led to the end of the Greysouthen as a coal mining community.<ref name="fletchers" />
Greysouthen's 19th century miners were known for their ale consumption, which magistrates felt was their prime concern.<ref>[http://www.visitoruk.com/historydetail.php?id=21583&cid=592&f=Workington "Greysouthen"], Visitoruk.com</ref>
==Governance== thumb|Greysouthen Village Hall, The Went There are two tiers of local government covering Greysouthen, at parish and unitary authority level: Greysouthen Parish Council and Cumberland Council. The parish council meets at Greysouthen Village Hall on The Went.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greysouthen Parish Council |url=https://greysouthenpc.co.uk/ |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>
For national elections, Greysouthen forms part of the Whitehaven and Workington constituency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Maps |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>
===Administrative history=== Greysouthen was historically a township in the ancient parish of Brigham, which formed part of the historic county of Cumberland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Whellan |first1=William |title=The History and Topography of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland |date=1860 |page=295 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_History_and_Topography_of_the_Counti/ZkJCAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA295&printsec=frontcover |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref><ref name=VoB>{{cite web |title=Greysouthen Township / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10158722 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> The township of Greysouthen took on civil functions under the poor laws from the 17th century onwards. As such, the township also became a civil parish in 1866, when the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England: Volume II, Northern England |date=1991 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0861931270 |page=xv}}</ref>
When elected parish and district councils were established in 1894, Greysouthen was included in the Cockermouth Rural District.<ref name=VoB/> Cockermouth Rural District was abolished in 1974, becoming part of the borough of Allerdale in the new county of Cumbria.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972|year=1972|number=2039|accessdate=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Names) Order 1973|year=1973|number=551|accessdate=3 March 2023}}</ref> Allerdale was in turn abolished in 2023 when the new Cumberland Council was created, also taking over the functions of the abolished Cumbria County Council in the area.<ref name=2022order>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Cumbria (Structural Changes) Order 2022|year=2022|number=331|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>
==Community== Greysouthen is surrounded by farmland through which two streams run. The village is divided into two by the local residents – "up the went" and "down the went". The 'went' is a hill at the centre of Greysouthen.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
St Josephs Roman Catholic Church is approximately {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} from the centre of the village. Greysouthen has one large playing field with an adventure playground, football pitch, and a garden commemorating the Queen's Silver Jubilee.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
Greysouthen had previously received a bus service, which stopped about ten times daily with connections to Workington and Cockermouth. The service was subsidised by the county council and operated by minor bus companies. It ended in 2015.
The village is in the catchment area for Paddle Primary Academy, a Church of England institution, in the neighbouring village of Eaglesfield, and is also in catchment for Cockermouth School and Keswick School, Cockermouth being nearer.
The parish council has been supporting Cumbrian rural communities over the introduction of superfast broadband and mobile coverage. Superfast broadband was activated in the village in January 2015. {{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
==Ecology== There are 7 beaches within {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} of Greysouthen, Siddick is the closest at about {{convert|5|mi|km|0}}; the second closest is Maryport then Workington, Crosscanonby, Allonby, Parton and Whitehaven.
The Greysouthen area supports a variety of bird species including northern lapwings, common snipes, Eurasian curlews, common woodpigeons, buzzards, Eurasian oystercatchers, common pheasants, Eurasian sparrowhawks, and quail. Red squirrels are also found. Orange tips, red admirals, and painted lady butterflies occur within the area.<ref>{{cite web|title= Villages in Cumbria|url=http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com:80/Town_or_Village/Greysouthen/Greysouthen.php|publisher= The Cumbria Directory (via Wayback Mashine) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805114557/http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com:80/Town_or_Village/Greysouthen/Greysouthen.php |accessdate= 5 August 2009|archive-date=5 August 2009 }}</ref>
Locally growing west Cumbrian wild plants include the greater butterfly orchid, early purple orchid and yellow rattle.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
==Population==
{{Historical populations |title = Population growth in Greysouthen 1880 to 1960 |align = center |cols = 4 |footnote = |source =<ref name="pop">[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10158722/cube/TOT_POP "Greysouthen Tn/CP"] A Vision of Britain through Time</ref> |1880|700 |1890|550 |1900|490 |1910|525 |1920|514 |1930|506 |1950|502 |1960|500 }} {{clear left}}
The population of Greysouthen between 1880 and 1900 fell by about 210 people in a 20-year period, this a period after the closure of the local mines.
==See also== {{portal|Cumbria}} *Listed buildings in Greysouthen
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== *[http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/township/greysouthen Cumbria County History Trust: Greysouthen] (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
{{Commons category-inline|Greysouthen}}
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Category:Villages in Cumbria Category:Cumberland (unitary authority) Category:Civil parishes in Cumbria