{{Short description|Village in North Yorkshire, England}} {{for|people with the surname Greenhow|Greenhow (surname)}} {{Use British English|date=August 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{infobox UK place | country = England | static_image = | static_image_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|54.07|-1.83|display=inline,title}} | official_name = Greenhow | population = | civil_parish = Bewerley | unitary_england = North Yorkshire | lieutenancy_england = North Yorkshire | region = Yorkshire and the Humber | constituency_westminster = Skipton and Ripon | post_town = Harrogate | postcode_district = HG3 | postcode_area = HG | dial_code = 01423 | os_grid_reference = SE112641 }}
'''Greenhow''' is a village in North Yorkshire, England, often referred to as '''Greenhow Hill'''. The term ''how'' derives from the Old Norse word ''haugr'' meaning a hill and a mound,<ref>{{cite web |title=Standard English words which have a Scandinavian Etymology |url=http://www.viking.no/e/england/e-viking_words_2.htm#H |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> so Greenhow literally means 'Green's hill or mound'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekwall |first1=Eilert |author-link=Eilert Ekwall |title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names |date=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=1228215388 |page=204 |edition=4}}</ref>
==History== The village is about {{Convert|3|mi|km}} west of Pateley Bridge on the road heading towards Grassington, and is mainly in the civil parish of Bewerley.<ref>{{cite web|title=21703-164 Bewerley|url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/geometry/21703-164|website=ordnancesurvey.co.uk|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> However, the western end of the village lying to the west of Kell Dyke, commonly known as Craven Cross, lies within the civil parish of Appletreewick.<ref>{{cite web|title=21702-163 Appletreewick|url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/geometry/21702-163|website=ordnancesurvey.co.uk|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> It is one of the highest villages in Yorkshire, at an altitude of between {{convert|400|and|420|m|order=flip}}, and one of the few villages in the United Kingdom lying at over {{Convert|400|m|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenhow-hill.org.uk/ |title=Welcome to Greenhow |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
Greenhow is an old mining village that was a major supplier of lead. Sir John Yorke disputed the rights to the mines at "Grenhow" and "Grenehosyke" with Thomas Proctor in 1549.<ref>Bernard Jennings, ''A History of Nidderdale'' (Huddersfield, 1967), pp. 72, 119: ''Lists and Indexes: List of Early Chancery Proceedings'', 9 (London: HMSO, 1932), p. 310, file 1284 no. 31.</ref> Sir Stephen Proctor bought the Manor of Bewerley, including the mineral rights in 1597. He was also responsible, as part of a settlement with John Armitage over disputed land, for the founding of the actual village of Greenhow.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Nidderdale |orig-year=1967|year=1983 |first=Ed Bernard |last=Jennings |page=152 }}</ref> Before this date, the only settlement recorded on the Hill itself was Kell House, where monks of Fountains Abbey lived while guarding the abbey's lead interests.<ref name="Jennings153">{{cite book |title=A History of Nidderdale |orig-year=1967|year=1983 |first=Ed Bernard |last=Jennings |page=153 }}</ref>
In 1613, an agreement sought to protect the Greenhow miners' rights: "…there may be cottages erected for the miners and mineral workmen upon the said waste … and also for the keeping of draught oxen and horses for the maintenance of the mines, always leaving the tenants sufficient common".<ref name="Jennings153" />
Joseph Kipling, the grandfather of Rudyard Kipling, was the minister at the Methodist Chapel at Greenhow and Rudyard himself is known to have visited the village.<ref> {{cite book |title=Life's Handicap |chapter={{sourcetext |source=On Greenhow Hill}} |last=Kipling |first=Rudyard }}</ref> There is a 'Kiplings Cottage' next door to the Miners Arms, but it is not known whether his grandfather actually lived there.
The church in the village (St Mary's) is reputedly the highest parish church in England still in use, though services are now only fortnightly on Sunday evenings plus major feast times.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/greenhow-hill-st-mary/|title=Greenhow Hill: St Mary, Pateley Bridge|work=achurchnearyou.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thechurchinthedale.com/our-churches/the-united-parish-of-upper-nidderdale/the-churches-of-upper-nidderdale/st-marys-greenhow-hill-8944.php|title=St Mary's, Greenhow Hill|work=thechurchinthedale.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
==Coldstones Quarry== thumb|''The Coldstones Cut'' by Andrew Sabin To the east of the village is Coldstones Quarry, operated by Heidelberg Materials. The quarry is unusual in that it is located on high ground and is not easy to observe from above like most other quarries in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coldstones Quarry|url=http://www.yorkshire-dales.com/coldstones-quarry.html|website=www.yorkshire-dales.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> The quarry produces {{convert|600,000|tonne}} of limestone aggregate per year, with most being used in West and North Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coldstones quarry community page|url=http://www.hanson-communities.co.uk/en/sites/coldstones-quarry-community-page|website=hanson-communities.co.uk|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> Small amounts of fluorspar are also won from the limestone which is sent to Derbyshire for processing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mineral resource information in support of national, regional and local planning; North Yorkshire|url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/directDownload.cfm?id=2628&noexcl=true&t=Mineral%20Resource%20report%20for%20North%20Yorkshire%20%28compr|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=30 August 2017|page=22|format=PDF|date=2006}}</ref> A large public artwork, ''The Coldstones Cut'', created by the artist Andrew Sabin, was opened in 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thecoldstonescut.org/ |title=The Coldstones Cut |access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> and received the 2011 Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture |url=https://www.marshcharitabletrust.org/award/marsh-award-for-excellence-in-public-sculpture/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Marsh Charitable Trust}}</ref>
==Greenhow Hill== The name ''Greenhow Hill'' is also applied to a section of the B6265 road which runs between Pateley Bridge and Grassington through the village of Greenhow. The road has a very steep descent into Pateley Bridge from Greenhow (between 16 and 19%) and has been the setting for many accidents, especially for people on bicycles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/13408352.Cyclist_dies_after_hitting_stone_wall_near_Pateley_Bridge__North_Yorkshire/|title=Cyclist dies after hitting stone wall near Pateley Bridge, North Yorkshire|last=Minting|first=Stuart|date=12 July 2015|work=The Northern Echo|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> This stretch of road is very popular with cyclists; it was part of the 2016 Tour de Yorkshire and is part of the Way of the Roses bike trail.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36161788|title=Tour de Yorkshire 2016: Crowd numbers 'phenomenal'|date=1 May 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wayoftheroses.info/uploads/library/Greenhow-Hill.pdf|title=Greenhow Hill Descent, Pateley Bridge|work=wayoftheroses.info|format=PDF|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
Greenhow Hill ({{convert|398|m|ft|order=flip|disp=x|/}}<ref>{{cite map|title =Nidderdale |map =298 |year =2015|scale =1:25,000 |series =Explorer |publisher =Ordnance Survey |isbn =9780319245507 }}</ref>) is also the summit point between Nidderdale to the east and Wharfedale to the west.<ref>{{cite web|title=Greenhow Hill|url=http://www.yorkshire-dales.com/greenhow-hill.html|website=www.yorkshire-dales.com|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery widths="180px" heights="120px"> File:Greenhow Hill at Toft Gate - geograph.org.uk - 51396.jpg|Greenhow Hill, at Toft Gate, looking eastwards. Pateley Bridge is down in the valley out of view. File:greenhow village 2003.jpg|Greenhow Village 2003 File:Greenhow hill top.jpg|Greenhow Hill summit File:sunvein08.jpg|Lead Workings on Sun Vein </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}
==Bibliography== * Blackah, Thomas, ''Songs & Poems written in the Nidderdale Dialect'' (1867) * Blackah, Thomas, ''Dialect Poems & Prose (compiled by Harald Bruff)'' (1937) * Bruff, Harald J.L. ''T'ill an' T'oade uns upuv Greenho'' (1920) * Bruff, Harald J.L. ''T' Miners. Character sketches of old Yorkshire Lead Miners'' (1924) * Dunham, Sir Kingsley & Wilson, Albert A, ''Geology of the Northern Pennine Orefield, Vol 2 Stainmore to Craven'' (1980) *{{cite book|author=Gill, M.C. |title=The Greenhow Mines |url=http://www.nmrs.org.uk/publications/60.html|publisher=Northern Mine Research Society|location= Keighley|date=1998}} * Grainge, William, ''Nidderdale'' (1862) *{{cite book|author=Greenhow Local History Club |title=Life on the Hill |url=http://greenhow-hill.org.uk/wp/history-2/greenhow-local-history-club/life-on-the-hill|publisher=Greenhow Local History Club}} * Jennings, Bernard (Ed), ''A History of Nidderdale'' (1983) * Weatherhead, W. ''History of Netherdale'' (1839)
==External links== {{Commons category|Greenhow}} * [http://www.greenhow-hill.org.uk Greenhow Hill Website] * [http://www.nmrs.org.uk/mines/f/fsouth/greenhow.html Greenhow Mines, brief history (Northern Mine Research Society)]
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Category:Villages in North Yorkshire Category:Nidderdale Category:Bewerley