{{Short description|Provincial political party in Canada}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Infobox political party | name = Green Party of Quebec | logo = Parti vert du Québec.svg | logo_size = 125 | colorcode = {{Canadian party colour|QC|Green}} | leader = [[Alex Tyrrell]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.en.pvq.qc.ca/leader |title=Connexion |website=En.pvq.qc.ca |access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref> | president = | spokesperson = | foundation = 1984 and refoundation in 2001 | ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Green politics]]<br>[[Eco-socialism]]<br>[[Participatory democracy]]<br>[[Quebec federalism]]}} | position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] | headquarters = A-3729 rue Wellington [[Montreal]], Quebec | international = [[Global Greens]] | website = {{Official website|http://www.pvq.qc.ca/}} | country = Canada | abbreviation = GPQ<br>PVQ | native_name = Parti vert du Québec | dissolution = | merger = | merged = | split = | predecessor = | successor = | colours = Green | blank1_title = Policies | blank1 = | seats1_title = Seats in the [[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]] | seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|125|hex={{Canadian party colour|QC|Green}}}} | state = Quebec | footnotes = }}
The '''Green Party of Quebec''' ('''GPQ'''; {{langx|fr|Parti vert du Québec}} {{IPA|fr|paʁti vɛʁ dy kebɛk|}}, '''PVQ''') is a [[Quebec]] political party whose platform is the promotion of [[green politics]]. It has not won any seats in the [[National Assembly of Quebec]]. Its platform is oriented towards promotion of green values, sustainable development, and participatory democracy.
The Green Party of Quebec is a coalition of activists and citizens for whom environmental questions are a priority. They believe that the government should help in creating a green, just, democratic and equal society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pvq.qc.ca/a_propos|title=À propos|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221400/http://www.pvq.qc.ca/a_propos|archive-date=2014-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> Their main principles are inspired from the [[Global Greens Charter]] which revolves around six main ideas: [[ecological wisdom]], [[social justice]], [[participatory democracy]], [[nonviolence]], [[sustainability]] and respect for diversity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter-english|title=Global Greens Charter English|access-date=4 April 2017|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115075350/https://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter-english|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It received 0.76% of the popular vote in the [[2022 Quebec general election]].
==History==
===First Green Party of Quebec (1985–1998)=== The first version of the Green Party of Québec was founded in the 1980s; the party had candidates in the 1985, 1989 and 1994 [[List of Quebec general elections|Quebec general elections]]. The 1989 elections results were at the time the strongest showing for any Green Party in Canada. On average, candidates collected 5.55% of votes in contested [[Legislative seat|seats]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quebecpolitique.com/blog/?tag=Vanier |title=Vanier " QuébecPolitique.com |website=Quebecpolitique.com |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref> Although the party had a small budget, it attempted to run a province-wide campaign with organizers from Montreal, Québec City and Sherbrooke, as well as some relatively independent local campaigns in rural ridings. Many meetings were held at Le Commensal restaurant in Montréal, a strong supporter. Attempts were made to involve the various environmental groups, but most shied away from officially supporting the PVQ in order to maintain political neutrality and protect financial interests. In the party structure of 1989, sovereignty and economical neutrality were promoted rather than left-wing policies, under the slogan of "not left or right but forward". This caused some strife within the party, as many members were more left-leaning.
The party disintegrated in 1994 due to its leader, [[Jean Ouimet]], and many of his colleagues leaving for the [[Parti Québécois]]. Ouimet, a strong [[Quebec sovereignty movement|sovereigntist]], maintained a party wholly independent of the [[Green Party of Canada|federal Green Party]] during his leadership. Members of the [[Green Party of Canada]] formed an organization called the Green Party of Canada in Quebec, a predominantly anglophone entity that nominated federal candidates only. There was open antipathy between Ouimet and the GPCQ's leader, Rolf Bramann. (Neither was affiliated with Montreal's municipal Green Party of the time, Ecology Montreal/[[Montréal Écologique]], led by [[Dimitrios Roussopoulos]].) At the same time as the PVQ began to collapse due to Ouimet's departure, Rolf Bramann was removed from his position. This led to a precipitous decline in federal organization in the province contemporaneous with the marginalisation of the provincial Greens. A succession of party leaders followed: Marian Grant, Éric Ferland, Victor Martel, Saloua Laridhi, Judith Brown, and one or two others. A number of Montreal social and green activists held sway over the party until November 12, 1998, when they deliberately chose to "pull the plug" on the party.
It lost its recognition as an official political party in November 1998 when it ran no candidates in the [[1998 Quebec general election]]. (Quebec law at the time required parties to run at least 20 candidates to maintain their official status. The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] [[Figueroa v. Canada (Attorney General)|ruled minimum candidate laws unconstitutional]] in 2003.)
=== Current Green Party of Quebec (since 2001) ===
The second (and current) version of the PVQ was founded in 2001 by members of the Green Party of Canada in Quebec after receiving more support in Quebec in the [[2000 Canadian federal election|2000 federal election]] than they had expected. The founding meeting, in the basement of the [[Montreal Biodome]], was attended by about 20 people, and it contested the [[2003 Quebec general election|2003 provincial election]] with few candidates and almost no money.
In 2002, three leftist political parties ([[Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste]], [[Parti de la démocratie socialiste]] and [[Parti Communiste du Québec]]) merged to form the [[Union des forces progressistes (Canada)|Union des forces progressistes]]. The PVQ pledged to try to avoid running candidates in ridings where there was a UFP candidate, although it reserved the right to run anywhere it wanted to (even ridings with a UFP candidate), and did not merge with the UFP. In May 2006, the Party pledged to stay independent after several appeals to join [[Québec solidaire]], the UFP's successor.
[[Scott McKay (politician)|Scott McKay]] was elected as party leader in 2006. The party had its most successful showing ever in the [[2007 Quebec general election|2007 general election]], placing fourth with just under four per cent of the popular vote. Unlike the previous version of the party, the new version did not adopt a position on whether Quebec should become [[sovereignty|sovereign]]. As a result, it was most competitive in western Montreal where there was a drop in [[Quebec Liberal Party|Liberal Party]] support but little enthusiasm for [[Quebec sovereignty movement|sovereigntist]] alternatives such as the [[Parti Québécois]]. The Green Party placed second or third in the popular vote in some western Montreal [[Electoral district (Canada)|ridings]].
In 2008, the PVQ held a leadership review, during which Guy Rainville defeated Scott McKay. McKay then joined the Parti Québécois and was elected as an MNA in the [[2008 Quebec general election|2008 election]], while the Green Party itself fell to two per cent of the popular vote, fifth place among political parties and the only one of the top five parties not to win a [[Legislative seat|seat]] in the [[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]]. On 10 September 2010, Rainville announced that he would not seek another two-year term as leader.<ref>[http://www.pvq.qc.ca/content/l%E2%80%99actuel-chef-du-parti-vert-du-qu%C3%A9bec-ne-sollicitera-pas-de-deuxi%C3%A8me-mandat]{{dead link|date=December 2015}}</ref> Claude Sabourin narrowly defeated party president Paul-André Martineau for the position.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Claude+Sabourin+narrowly+wins+Quebec+Green+Party+leadership+race/3861222/story.html|title=Claude Sabourin narrowly wins Quebec Green Party leadership race|date=23 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123032017/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Claude+Sabourin+narrowly+wins+Quebec+Green+Party+leadership+race/3861222/story.html|archive-date=23 November 2010}}</ref> Martineau had been president of the Green Party since 2006, except for a brief period in 2008. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the [[University of Montreal]] (1985) and a [[bachelor's degree]] in business administration from [[HEC Montréal]] (2001). At the time of the leadership contest, he was working in information technology and pursuing a specialized graduate degree in environment and sustainable development from the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]]. He has not run for federal or provincial office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pamartineau.com/2010/10/04/course-a-la-chefferie-du-parti-vert-du-quebec/|title=Page non-trouvée – Gouvernance et développement durable au Québec|work=pamartineau.com|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716181128/http://pamartineau.com/2010/10/04/course-a-la-chefferie-du-parti-vert-du-quebec/|archive-date=16 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pamartineau.com/contactez-nous/ |title=Biographie | Gouvernance et développement durable au Québec |website=Pamartineau.com |date=22 September 2010 |access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref>
In April 2012, the leader Claude Sabourin went to a meeting in La Pinière riding, where he recruited four future candidates, two of which – Alex Tyrrell<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pvq.qc.ca/en/node/97 |title=Alex Tyrrell | Parti vert du Québec |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130927064844/http://pvq.qc.ca/en/node/97 |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> & Marc André Beauchemin<ref>[http://pvq.qc.ca/en/node/110] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002043610/http://pvq.qc.ca/en/node/110|date=2 October 2013}}</ref> – would later run for the leadership of the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.verts2013.org/alex-tyrrell/ |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726120607/http://www.verts2013.org/alex-tyrrell/ |archive-date=26 July 2013 |title=Alex Tyrrell | VERTS 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.verts2013.org/marc-andre-beauchemin/ |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726094403/http://www.verts2013.org/marc-andre-beauchemin/ |archive-date=26 July 2013 |title=Marc-André Beauchemin | VERTS 2013 }}</ref> Overall the party lost over half its support from the previous election, obtaining 1% of the overall popular vote and running candidates in only 66 of Quebec's 125 ridings during the [[2012 Quebec general election|September 4, 2012 election]]. Sabourin finished fifth in NDG riding with 1,531 votes and 5.77% of the vote. Alex Tyrrell finished third in [[Jacques Cartier]] with 1,522 votes and 4.54% of the vote.
Claude Sabourin resigned as party leader on Sunday, 24 February 2013 at the Green Party of Quebec convention held that weekend in Montreal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.west-end-times.com/index.php/sabourin-resigns-as-quebec-green-party-leader/ |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226073249/http://www.west-end-times.com/index.php/sabourin-resigns-as-quebec-green-party-leader/ |archive-date=26 December 2015 }}</ref> Jean Cloutier was elected interim leader that same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VJCarbonneau/statuses/305839250958585856 |title=Vincent J.Carbonneau on Twitter: "Jean Cloutier élu chef par intérim du PVQ, un nouveau départ, vers un avenir plus que prometteur!" |publisher=Twitter |access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=December 2018}}
On 21 September 2013, Alex Tyrrell was elected leader of the PVQ defeating other leadership candidates Patricia Domingos, Marc-André Beauchemin and Pierre-Étienne Loignon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.verts2013.org/course-a-la-chefferiecandidats/ |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719001708/http://www.verts2013.org/course-a-la-chefferiecandidats/ |archive-date=19 July 2013 |title=Les candidats | VERTS 2013 }}</ref> Another candidate Lisa Julie Cahn<ref>{{cite web |author=Jozyam Fontaine |url=http://politwitter.ca/page/videos/id/32202 |title=lisa julie cahn pvq – Politwitter |website=Politwitter.ca |date=20 July 2013 |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226070043/http://politwitter.ca/page/videos/id/32202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> had withdrawn earlier in the race. At the age of 25 years Mr. Tyrrell became the youngest current party leader in Quebec politics.<ref>{{cite web |author=Parti Vert du Québec |url=http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/1230795/le-parti-vert-du-quebec-a-choisi-son-nouveau-chef-alex-tyrrell |title=Le Parti vert du Québec a choisi son nouveau chef: Alex Tyrrell – MONTRÉAL, le 24 sept. 2013 |publisher=Newswire.ca |date=24 September 2013 |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-date=13 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213042303/http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/1230795/le-parti-vert-du-quebec-a-choisi-son-nouveau-chef-alex-tyrrell |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Parti vert du Québec intended to diversify its policies in view of the 2014 general elections, in order to increase its support. Tyrrell explained that the PVQ would be an eco-socialist group. Thus, the environment would remain its priority but the party would also defend a public health system and would propose among other things a universal program of dental care for all Quebecers. It is also in favour of [[free public transport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://journalmetro.com/actualites/national/456093/le-parti-vert-du-quebec-sera-eco-socialiste/ |title=Le Parti vert du Québec sera éco-socialiste | Métro |website=Journalmetro.com |date=24 October 2011 |access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref>
In December 2019, the group Reform GPQ launched a petition asking for a general assembly to be held where a vote of confidence would take place in the leadership of Alex Tyrrell. The members accused him of having voted himself a salary and not having organized a vote of confidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/568221/bisbille-severe-au-parti-vert |title=Une fronde s'organise contre le chef du Parti vert du Québec |website=ledevoir.com |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> In October 2020, six members of the party's National Executive removed their trust in Alex Tyrrell's leadership and demanded his resignation, accusing him of poorly preparing the party for the 2022 election and of being responsible for the party's poor relations with his federal equivalent, the Green Party of Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/quebec/587318/l-executif-du-parti-vers-du-quebec-reclame-la-demission-de-son-chef-alex-tyrrell |title=L'exécutif du Parti vert du Québec réclame la démission de son chef, Alex Tyrrell |website=ledevoir.com |date=6 September 2020 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> Alex Tyrrell obtained 64.6% (with a participation rate of 65.5%) in the following vote of confidence. On October 5, 2020, five members of the Executive resigned, saying that the result were not good enough, that the process was tainted by multiple problems and that the leader acted in bad faith throughout the whole process. In January 2021, Alex Tyrrell expelled the five members of the National Executive and members Chad Walcott and Catherine Polson from the party, accusing them of harming the party's progress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/quebec/592786/purge-au-parti-vert-du-quebec |title=Purge au Parti vert du Québec |website=ledevoir.com |date=26 April 2021 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
== Leaders == {| class="wikitable centre" summary="This table shows the persons occupying the position of leader of the Green Party of Quebec and the years of the beginning of their mandate." |+ List of Quebec Green Party Leaders ! scope=col | Leader ! scope=col | Mandate |- | Yves Blanchette (interim) | align=center | 1987–1989 |- | [[Jean Ouimet]] | align=center | 1989–1993 |- | Marian Grant | align=center | 1993–1994 |- | [[Éric Ferland]] | align=center | 1994–1996 |- | Saloua Laridhi | align=center | 1996–1998 |- | Judith Brown | align=center | 1998 |- | The party was dissolved | align=center | 1998–2001 |- | Richard Savignac | align=center | 2001–2006 |- | [[Scott McKay (politician)|Scott McKay]] | align=center | 2006–2008 |- | Guy Rainville | align=center | 2008–2010 |- | Claude Sabourin | align=center | 2010–2013 |- | [[Alex Tyrrell]] | align=center | since 2013 |}
<gallery> Scott McKay01.jpg|[[Scott McKay (politician)|Scott McKay]], leader of the GPQ from 2006 to 2008, then deputy with the [[Parti québécois]]. Guy Rainville 222 near.png|Guy Rainville, Leader of the GPQ from 2008 to 2010. AlexTyrrellPVQ.jpg|[[Alex Tyrrell]] leader of the GPQ since 2013 and the only one to remain in office for more than one election. </gallery>
==Electoral results== {| class="wikitable centre" summary="This table shows the results obtained by the Quebec Green Party in the various provincial elections in Quebec. The number of candidates, the number of elected deputies and the number and percentage of votes collected." style="text-align:center" |+ Election results of the Green Party of Quebec<ref>{{cite web|title=Élections générales|url=http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/francais/provincial/resultats-electoraux/elections-generales.php|website=Le directeur général des élections du Québec|date=January 2024 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Confirmed Candidates 2022 Official|url=https://pvq.qc.ca/en/confirmed-candidates-2022-official|website=Parti Vert du Quebec|date=12 September 2022 |language=en|access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> ! scope="col" |[[List of Quebec general elections|'''Election''']] ! scope="col" | Leader ! scope="col" | Slogan<ref>{{cite web|title=PARTI VERT DU QUÉBEC, 1985–1994 ET 2001 -|url=http://www.bibliotheque.assnat.qc.ca/guides/fr/programmes-et-slogans-politiques-au-quebec/3865-parti-vert-du-quebec-1985-1994-et-2001?ref=490|website=Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale du Québec}}.</ref> ! scope="col" |Candidates /<br />Districts<br />in election ! scope="col" |Seats ! scope="col" |Votes ! scope="col" |% |- |[[1985 Quebec general election|'''1985''']] | – | – | 10 / 122 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:4613}} | 0.14 |- |[[1989 Quebec general election|'''1989''']] | [[Jean Ouimet]] | ''Progress, yes, but not at any price!'' | 46 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:67675}} | 1.99 |- |[[1994 Quebec general election|'''1994''']] |[[Éric Ferland]] | – | 11 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:5499}} | 0.14 |- |[[1998 Quebec general election|'''1998''']] | – | – | – | – | – | – |- |[[2003 Quebec general election|'''2003''']] | Richard Savignac | ''For us and for our children'' | 37 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:16975}} | 0.44 |- |[[2007 Quebec general election|'''2007''']] | [[Scott McKay (politician)|Scott McKay]] | ''I vote'' | 108 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:152885}} | 3.85 |- |[[2008 Quebec general election|'''2008''']] | Guy Rainville | ''Let's vote for the future'' | 80 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:70393}} | 2.17 |- |[[2012 Quebec general election|'''2012''']] | Claude Sabourin | ''Give yourself a voice'' | 66 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:43394}} | 0.99 |- |[[2014 Quebec general election|'''2014''']] | rowspan="3" | [[Alex Tyrrell]] | ''The eco-socialist option for Quebec!'' | 44 / 125 | 0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:23163}} | 0.55 |- |[[2018 Quebec general election|'''2018''']] | ''More than just a colour'' | 97 / 125 |0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:67870}} |1.69 |- |[[2022 Quebec general election|'''2022''']] | | 73 / 125 |0 | align="right" | {{formatnum:31194}} |0.76 |- |}
=== By-elections ===
{| class="wikitable centre" summary="This table shows the results obtained by the Quebec Green Party in the various by-elections in Quebec. The names of the candidates and the number and percentage of votes collected." style="text-align:center" |+ Results of the Parti vert du Québec in by-elections since 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Élections partielles|url=http://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/francais/provincial/resultats-electoraux/elections-partielles.php|website=Le directeur général des élections du Québec|language=fr|access-date=28 February 2017}}.</ref> ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |District ! scope="col" |Candidate ! scope="col" |Results (%) |- | rowspan="2" |'''2013''' |[[Outremont]] |[[Alex Tyrrell]] |3.79 |- |[[Viau]] |Morgan Crockett |1,67 |- |'''2014''' |[[Lévis (federal electoral district)|Lévis]] |Alex Tyrrell |1.10 |- | rowspan="4" |'''2015''' |[[Richelieu (federal electoral district)|Richelieu]] |Vincent Pouliot |1.74 |- |[[Jean-Talon (electoral district)|Jean-Talon]] |Elodie Boisjoly-Dubreuil |2.40 |- |[[Fabre]] |Kim Raymond |3.67 |- |[[Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne]] |Jiab Zuo |3.54 |- | rowspan="5" |'''2016''' |[[Chicoutimi (electoral district)|Chicoutimi]] | rowspan="2" | Alex Tyrrell |2.47 |- |[[Arthabaska (electoral district)|Arthabaska]] |2.11 |- |[[Marie-Victorin (electoral district)|Marie-Victorin]] |Vincent J. Carbonneau |2.62 |- |[[Saint-Jérôme (electoral district)|Saint-Jérôme]] |Émilianne Lépine |2.06 |- |[[Verdun (federal electoral district)|Verdun]] |David Cox |4.28 |- | rowspan="2" |'''2017''' |[[Gouin (electoral district)|Gouin]] | rowspan="3" |Alex Tyrrell |4.57 |- |[[Louis-Hébert (federal electoral district)|Louis-Hébert]] |2.07 |- |'''2018''' |[[Roberval (provincial electoral district)|Roberval]] |0.52 |- |'''2019''' |[[Jean-Talon]] |Emilie Coulombe |2.79 |- |'''2022''' |[[Marie-Victorin (electoral district)|Marie-Victorin]] |Alex Tyrrell |0.87 |- |}
== See also == * [[List of Green party leaders in Canada]] * [[List of Green politicians who have held office in Canada]] * [[List of Quebec general elections]] * [[List of political parties in Quebec|Political parties in Quebec]] * [[Politics of Quebec]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == {{Commons category|Parti vert du Québec}} * {{Official website|http://www.pvq.qc.ca/}} '''(French)''' * [https://twitter.com/partivertqc Twitter account]
{{Green parties in Canada}} {{Quebec politics}} {{Quebec provincial political parties}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Green Party Of Quebec}} [[Category:Green Party of Quebec| ]] [[Category:Green political parties in North America]] [[Category:1985 establishments in Quebec]] [[Category:2001 establishments in Quebec]] [[Category:Environmental organizations based in Quebec]] [[Category:Non-interventionist parties]] [[Category:Organizations based in Montreal]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1983]] [[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1998]] [[Category:Political parties established in 2001]] [[Category:Provincial political parties in Quebec]]