{{Short description|Former stock exchange in Adelaide, Australia}} '''Green's Exchange''', also known as '''Green's Auction Mart''', was a business on King William Street, Adelaide, in the early colonial days of South Australia. It was not the first, and by no means the only stock exchange in Adelaide, but was notable in its alternative use as a venue for large public meetings and performances.
==History== ===George Green=== George Green (c. 1820 – 17 January 1895<ref>https://www.familysearch.org/ Australia, South Australia, Will and Probate Records</ref>) arrived in South Australia in March 1848 aboard the ''David Malcolm'' from London. He had studied civil engineering in England, but finding little demand for the profession, turned to land surveying, with offices at 65 King William Street adjacent the Bank of Australasia from 1850.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207118169 |title=Advertising |newspaper=Adelaide Times |location=South Australia |date=16 August 1850 |access-date=20 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref>
By June 1853 he was advertising as a land agent and auctioneer with offices at the same address, under he title "Exchange Auction Mart" (still operating 1886). He also acted as a gold buyer for some of the banks, was for a time a director of the Moonta mines, and managed "Green's Exchange Room", which operated from May 1853 to at least November 1889.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199881252 |title=Combination of Sharedealers |newspaper=The Evening Journal |location=Adelaide |date=29 November 1889 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref>
Green had an arrangement with one William Green of Melbourne, who conducted a similar business from premises at 74 Queen Street, Melbourne<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49767701 |title=Advertising |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=21 May 1857 |access-date=20 December 2019 |page=4 |via=Trove }}</ref> later 30 Queen Street as "Green's Land, Share, and Adelaide Agency"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article154849565 |title=Advertising |newspaper=The Age |location=Victoria, Australia |date=25 January 1855 |access-date=24 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> later land agent and auctioneer at 71 Russell Street, proved insolvent 1863,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article154963768 |title=New Insolvents |newspaper=The Age |location=Melbourne |date=2 May 1863 |access-date=24 December 2019 |page=6 |via=Trove }}</ref> back to 74 Queen Street in 1864. His subsequent history and relationship with George Green (if any) is yet to be found.
Green entered into partnership with James Parr as auctioneers and commission agents sometime before September 1857 and William Luxmoore joined before November that year. The partnership Green, Parr & Luxmoore was dissolved in March 1863.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50176937 |title=Advertising |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=2 April 1863 |access-date=24 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref> He had a separate partnership with William Wadham (1824–1895)<ref name=deaths>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87166524 |title=Deaths of Old Colonists |newspaper=The Chronicle (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=14 December 1895 |access-date=25 December 2019 |page=21 |via=Trove }}</ref> from around 1857; Wadham moved to partnership with George Dutton Green (1 May 1850 – 27 April 1911) as Green & Co.
Green built a home on Palmer Place, and Wadham built a residence,.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64121860 |title=Memories of Mrs. W. M. Campbell |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=11 June 1923 |access-date=25 December 2019 |page=8 |via=Trove }}</ref> "Rhyllon", a few doors away.<ref name=deaths/> He retired around 1880, though his involvement with the Exchange ceased around 1875, and returned to England, where he died, leaving a widow, two sons and two daughters.<ref name=week>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article93976312 |title=The Week |newspaper=South Australian Chronicle |location=South Australia |date=2 February 1895 |access-date=20 December 2019 |page=12 |via=Trove }}</ref>
===The building=== In 1854 Green remodelled the interior, to make a large open room suitable for meetings, concerts and receptions, though the pillars supporting the roof structure made it unsuitable for use as a ballroom.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158098172 |title=Green's Exchange |newspaper=Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=15 July 1854 |access-date=20 December 2019 |page=7 |via=Trove }}</ref> On both sides of the main entrance to the Exchange were offices of the South Australian Telegraph Department. Charles Todd, the Superintendent of Telegraphs, had those on the lefthand side, and the public offices on the right. The Exchange room was directly behind these offices; and on each side of the gallery which overlooked "The Room" (which had a glass roof) was a number of small professional offices, occupied by such as solicitor Henry Hay Mildred. The offices over the Telegraph Office were occupied by solicitors Belt, Cullen, & Wigley. Businessmen mentioned as ''habitués'' include T. F. Monteith, F. P. Bayley, C. J. Barry, William Mitchell, Walter Duffield, Capt. John Hart, John Dunn, Beeby & Dunstan and Thomas Magarey. The southern side was then a vacant block, with a garden behind the railing fence; later an extension of the Bank of Australasia. The northern side was a wine and spirits store used by R. H. Wigg, later the Bank of South Australia, and the Union Bank. Scott, Young, & Co., drapers, occupied the next building, the rear of which housed Henry Noltenius' wine store. The building was later leased by Hill, Mills, & Co., railway carriers, and their successors C. R. Darton & Co. This building occupied the northernmost site of what became Bowman's Arcade,<ref name=glimpse>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164153874 |title=Green's Exchange—Another Glimpse of Early Adelaide |newspaper=The Observer (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=18 May 1918 |access-date=24 December 2019 |page=25 |via=Trove }}</ref> which occupied most of the eastern half of Town Acre 109.
Green's lease elapsed shortly after his son George Dutton Green and others erected the Pirie Street Exchange, and the site reverted to Thomas Greaves Waterhouse, for whom Broken Hill Chambers (opened 1890), was built on the site by William McLean<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174587870 |title=A Heavy Failure |newspaper=Tasmanian News |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=8 September 1894 |access-date=25 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article150093579 |title=Found Drowned |newspaper=Geelong Advertiser |location=Victoria, Australia |date=7 February 1905 |access-date=25 December 2019 |page=4 |via=Trove }} Brothers Joseph and Oliver and William Rigg having died some years before.</ref> of the Melbourne firm of McLean Brothers, Rigg & Co.<ref name=improvements>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47065974 |title=City Improvements |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=8 May 1889 |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=4 |via=Trove }}</ref> to the design of English & Soward. A feature of the building was a glass-roofed arcade running clear through to Gilbert Place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26748792 |title=City Improvements |newspaper=The Advertiser (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=5 April 1890 |access-date=25 December 2019 |page=6 |via=Trove }}</ref> The freehold was sold to William Kither acting for Keith Bowman, and renamed Bowman's Arcade,<ref name=glimpse/> which served Adelaide for a hundred years, and home of John Mack's camera shop.
;A few highlights *The first meeting of Stock Exchange members was held at Green's Exchange Rooms on 9 October 1854. *A hastily called meeting of prominent citizens planned a farewell to Governor Young, who had been summarily transferred to Van Diemen's Land.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158100256 |title=Testimonial to His Excellency the Governor |newspaper=The Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=16 December 1854 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=7 |via=Trove }}</ref> *Green's Exchange was not only used for general meetings of the Adelaide Choral Society, but also for their concerts.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207023140 |title=Adelaide Choral Society |newspaper=The Adelaide Times |location=South Australia |date=29 March 1855 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> *Meetings of the South Australian Chamber of Commerce were also held there. *A gathering full to overflowing was called in March 1856 to protest Governor MacDonnell's sacking (through Police Commissioner Warburton) of Superintendent of Police Tolmer, by all events a zealous and efficient officer, and the hero of the Gold Escort, while promoting more sociable but less diligent officers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49751375 |title=Dismissal of Captain Tolmer |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=12 March 1856 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=3 |via=Trove }}</ref> *Green's Exchange was used by Rev. John Crawford Woods as a meeting-place for Unitarian Christians and for promoting socially progressive causes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207095836 |title=South Australian Female Refuge |newspaper=Adelaide Times |location=South Australia |date=25 September 1856 |access-date=30 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> *A well-attended public meeting was held on 31 August 1858 at Green's Exchange, presided by Governor MacDonnell, formally to found the Aborigines' Friends' Association.<ref>C. E. Bartlett ''A Brief History of the Point McLeay Reserve and District'' Aborigines' Friends' Association 1959</ref> *On 1 September 1858 a very large meeting almost unanimously called on the City Council to borrow £30,000 to build a Town Hall, and other public amenities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88820377 |title=The Corporation |newspaper=South Australian Weekly Chronicle |location=South Australia |date=4 September 1858 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=5 |via=Trove }}</ref>
==Other Exchanges of the 1800s== {{OSM Location map | coord = {{coord|-34.923 | 138.599}} <!--latitude and longitude as a +/- decimal.--> | zoom = 15 <!--(1=whole world, 18=a street)--> | width = 225 | height = 275 | shape1=n-circle | shape-color1=red | shape-outline1=white | mark-coord1 = {{coord|-34.9229 | 138.599}} | mark-title1 = Ross's Exchange adjacent Exchange Hotel | mark-coord2 = {{coord|-34.9229 | 138.5993}} | mark-title2 = Neale's Mart & Exchange | mark-coord3 = {{coord|-34.9239 | 138.5994}} | mark-title3 = Green's Exchange | mark-coord4 = {{coord|-34.9248 | 138.6000}} | mark-title4 = Buildings 86–92 King Wm St | mark-coord5 = {{coord|-34.9252 | 138.60003}} | mark-title5 = Royal Exchange, 96–98 King Wm St | mark-coord6 = {{coord|-34.92555 | 138.6004}} | mark-title6 = Adelaide New Exchange, Pirie St | mark-coord7 = {{coord|-34.9252 | 138.6008}} | mark-title7 = Stock Exchange of Adelaide, McHenry St. | caption = Adelaide Stock Exchanges of the 1800s | auto-caption=1 }}
*Bryce Ross ( – February 1870)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article77129127 |title=Summary of News |newspaper=The Border Watch |location=South Australia |date=23 February 1870 |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=3 |via=Trove }}</ref> hosted Adelaide's first Stock Exchange in Hindley Street; Crampton's (later Ware's) Exchange Hotel adjacent. Gresham Street was later extended through Acre 47 to Hindley Street, just west of the Exchange site, then became Gilbert Place. :The Exchange Hotel (previously Australian Arms, owned by Samuel Payne of Payneham fame)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57471492 |title=The Old Corner Acre 141 |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=21 February 1924 |access-date=25 April 2020 |page=12 |via=Trove }}</ref> was a popular venue for large business meetings.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article160793471 |title=Silver Mining |newspaper=The Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=8 June 1889 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=38 |via=Trove }}</ref> *J. Bentham Neales opened the '''Adelaide Commercial Exchange'''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article195933967 |title=Local News of the Week |newspaper=South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register |location=South Australia |date=18 July 1846 |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> or '''Adelaide Exchange'''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71605283 |title=Local News |newspaper=The South Australian |location=South Australia |date=21 July 1846 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=3 |via=Trove }}</ref> in front of his Auction Mart (also on Acre 47) at the corner of Hindley and King William streets in 1846, with Ross as manager/secretary and 200 subscribers. *W. H. George, painter and glazier,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158918678 |title=Advertising |newspaper=The Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=8 June 1844 |access-date=28 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref> opened his '''Royal Exchange''' on Hindley Street in April 1848, promising facilities as close to those of Lloyds or the Jerusalem coffee house in London as the colony could supply.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48728555 |title=Advertising |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=22 April 1848 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> Ross retaliated with the assertion that the Adelaide Commercial Exchange would be moving to a larger venue.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48728255 |title=Advertising |newspaper=South Australian Register |location=South Australia |date=26 April 1848 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref> George was proved insolvent later that year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206980061 |title=Court of Insolvency |newspaper=The Adelaide Times |location=South Australia |date=4 December 1848 |access-date=28 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> :In 1849 George Coppin opened his Royal Exchange Hotel on Hindley Street,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71623996 |title=Local Intelligence |newspaper=The South Australian |location=South Australia |date=22 June 1849 |access-date=22 December 2019 |page=3 |via=Trove }}</ref> which was used for business meetings.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159531719 |title=Emu Flats Scheme |newspaper=The Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=4 May 1850 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71627208 |title=Local News |newspaper=The South Australian |location=South Australia |date=19 September 1850 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> *G. Dutton Green, son of George Green, followed his father as a real estate agent, and was a member of the Exchange Land Company which founded the Pirie Street stock exchange on the site of King's timber yard. Other members were Henry and Frank Rymill (who owned the lease on the land),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47420146 |title=Unusual Land Bequest Of Last Century |newspaper=The Advertiser (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=7 October 1952 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> Joseph Fisher, William Kay, James Hill, J. C. Lovely (c. 1842–1915),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59986439 |title=Death of Col. Lovely |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=12 November 1915 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=5 |via=Trove }}</ref> and H. L. Vosz.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article160750942 |title=Death of Mr H. L. Vosz |newspaper=The Adelaide Observer |location=South Australia |date=13 March 1886 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=36 |via=Trove }}</ref> "[https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+2897 Adelaide New Exchange]" was opened on 1 July 1880 at 22–30 Pirie Street, east of what is now Exchange Place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article30803682 |title=Opening of the Adelaide New Exchange |newspaper=The South Australian Advertiser |location=South Australia |date=2 July 1880 |access-date=22 December 2019 |page=6 |via=Trove }}</ref> :An association, '''The Stock Exchange of South Australia''', was founded there in May 1887.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199150921 |title=Stock Exchange |newspaper=The Evening Journal (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=7 May 1887 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=6 |via=Trove }}</ref> This exchange, which saw much business during the boom years of Broken Hill, moved to Comstock Chambers 90–92 King William Street (adjacent temporary premises of the Stock Exchange of Adelaide)<ref name=William>{{cite web|url=https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/PRG+631/2/496|title=King William Street|publisher=State Library of South Australia |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> in August 1891,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208571145 |title=Needles |newspaper=The Express and Telegraph |location=South Australia |date=14 August 1891 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> and was wound up in October 1893.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article198433817 |title=Closing a Stock Exchange |newspaper=The Evening Journal (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=29 September 1893 |access-date=28 December 2019 |page=2 |via=Trove }}</ref> *In 1887 John Robb built the Royal Exchange, King William Street, [https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+71003/7 Royal Exchange]" at 96–98 King William Street on the site of D. & W. Murray Limited's between Grenfelland Pirie streets. Designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver, it was one of the largest and handsomest in Australasia.<ref name=improvements/> The '''Adelaide Stock Exchange''' was founded there by Gavin F. Gardner and others.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article210589666 |title=The Late Mr Gardner |newspaper=The Express and Telegraph |location=South Australia |date=21 March 1919 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref> W. B. Carr was its long-serving president and its only life member. :The building was acquired by the Commonwealth Bank in 1922.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208073443 |title=Royal Exchange Buildings |newspaper=The Journal (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=30 October 1922 |access-date=29 December 2019 |page=1 |via=Trove }}</ref> *The '''Stock Exchange of Adelaide''' Ltd., an Association founded in September 1887 by G. S. Aldridge, Henry Bellingham and others, first met on 3 October 1887 in Dutton Green's Pirie Street rooms, then from March 1888 in the Exchange Room of the Town Hall. <!--until modifications to the Royal Exchange were completed, and operated there from--> They had a (No. 2) room at 86–88 King William Street 1888–1891, then for a time they used "The Barn", once a wool store on McHenry Street,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199954660 |title=Crumbs |newspaper=The Evening Journal (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=24 March 1900 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=4 |via=Trove }}</ref> (which runs through Town Acres 168 and 169 from Gawler Place) which had been purchased by the Association. In 1892 they moved to premises on King William Street.<ref name=William/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56507022 |title=The Stock Exchange of Adelaide |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=6 September 1901 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=5 |via=Trove }}</ref> In 1901 they moved into their own premises, built by W. C. Torode<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74335888 |title=Death of W. C. Torode |newspaper=The Advertiser (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=29 January 1937 |access-date=27 December 2019 |page=30 |via=Trove }}</ref> to a design by architects Dunn & Fuller.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56507022 |title=The Stock Exchange of Adelaide |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |location=South Australia |date=6 September 1901 |access-date=26 December 2019 |page=5 |via=Trove }}</ref> A feature of the building was the "Federation Window", produced by Morris & Co., and commissioned by Sir George Brookman, a member. :In 1991 the Exchange left the building, which was purchased by the State Government, had it restored, and in 2009 reopened as The Science Exchange for Royal Institution of Australia.
==Gallery== <gallery> File:King Wm Street map Grenfell-Pirie 1911.jpg|Map of occupancies, King William Street, Adelaide, between Grenfell and Pirie streets, 1911 File:Two stock exchanges, Adelaide.jpg|Two competing stock exchanges at 86–88 and 90–92 King William Street File:Royal Exchange 1893.jpg|John Robb's Royal Exchange building, King William Street, Adelaide File:RiAus building.JPG|The Stock Exchange of Adelaide, now RiAus building </gallery>
== References == {{Reflist}}
Category:1854 establishments in Australia Category:1880 disestablishments in Australia Category:Stock exchanges in Australia Category:Assembly rooms Category:History of Adelaide