{{short description|Pearl River Delta metropolitan region in China}} {{redirect|Greater Bay Area|other uses|Bay Area (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area | settlement_type = Region | image_skyline = | image_alt = | nickname = | image_map = Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area.png | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Detailed map of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | subdivision_type1 = Cities | subdivision_name1 = {{plainlist| * [[Guangzhou]] * [[Shenzhen]] * [[Zhuhai]] * [[Foshan]] * [[Dongguan]] * [[Zhongshan]] * [[Jiangmen]] * [[Huizhou]] * [[Zhaoqing]] }} | subdivision_type2 = SAR | subdivision_name2 = {{plainlist| * [[Hong Kong]] * [[Macau]] }} | unit_pref = CN | area_total_km2 = 55,800 | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_min_footnotes = | population_as_of = | population_total = 86100000 | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_title1 = Languages | demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|Chinese ([[Cantonese]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]), [[English language|English]]|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]}} | demographics_type2 = GDP {{nobold|(nominal, 2024)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name=GDP2024>{{cite web|title=最新GDP十强城市出炉，经济"优等生"有哪些亮点？| date=28 January 2025 |url=https://cj.sina.cn/article/norm_detail?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.sina.com.cn%2Froll%2F2025-01-28%2Fdoc-inehnwwf0296005.shtml|publisher=cj.sina.cn}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Total | demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]]14.8 trillion<br/>([[US$]]2.1 trillion) | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = CN¥170,900<br/>(US$23,800) | timezone = [[China Standard Time|CST]], [[Hong Kong Time|HKT]], [[Macau Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset = +08:00 | area_code = | area_code_type = | website = {{URL|https://www.cnbayarea.org.cn/english/|cnbayarea.org.cn}}<br />{{URL|https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/en|bayarea.gov.hk}}<br /> {{URL|https://www.dsec.gov.mo/BayArea/en-US/|dsec.gov.mo}} }}

The '''Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area – Overview |url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/en/about/overview.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.bayarea.gov.hk}}</ref>{{efn|{{zh|t=粵港澳大灣區|s=粤港澳大湾区|p=Yuègǎngào dàwānqū|j=jyut6 gong2 ou3 daai6 waan1 keoi1}}, English: Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, {{langx|pt|Grande Área da Baía Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau}}}} commonly referred to as the '''Greater Bay Area''' ('''GBA''') or '''Pearl River megalopolis''', is a [[megalopolis]], consisting of nine cities and two [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative regions]] in [[South China]]. It is envisioned by Chinese government planners as an integrated economic area aimed at taking a leading role globally by 2035.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bland |first1=Ben |title=Greater Bay Area: Xi Jinping's other grand plan |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fe5976d8-ab81-11e8-94bd-cba20d67390c |access-date=2 February 2024 |publisher=The Financial Times Limited |date=September 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuhn |first=Britta |date=2021 |title=Chinas Greater Bay Area |journal=Wirtschaftsdienst |language=de |volume=101 |issue=4 |pages=311–315 |doi=10.1007/s10273-021-2901-x |pmc=8052200 |pmid=33897060}}</ref>

It is the largest and most populated urban area in the world.<ref name="Statista">{{Cite web |title=China: Population in the Greater Bay Area 2019 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1172165/china-population-in-the-greater-bay-area-cities/ |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> The GBA—with a total population of approximately 86 million people—includes nine [[Megacity|mega cities]] of [[Guangdong|Guangdong province]]: [[Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Zhuhai]], [[Foshan]], [[Dongguan]], [[Zhongshan]], [[Jiangmen]], [[Huizhou]], and [[Zhaoqing]] as well as two [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative regions]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Macau|Macao]] (Macau). Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have been described among the world's 50 "superstar cities".<ref>{{Citation |last1=Manyika |first1=James |title='Superstars': The Dynamics of Firms, Sectors, and Cities Leading the Global Economy |date=2018 |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/innovation-and-growth/superstars-the-dynamics-of-firms-sectors-and-cities-leading-the-global-economy# |type=Discussion paper |publisher=McKinsey & Company |access-date=2020-11-15 |last2=Ramaswamy |first2=Sree |last3=Bughin |first3=Jacques |last4=Woetzel |first4=Jonathan |last5=Birshan |first5=Michael |last6=Nagpal |first6=Zubin |mode=cs1}}</ref> Surrounding the [[Pearl River Delta]] with a total area of 56,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (comparable in size to [[Croatia]]), it is the largest and the richest economic region in [[South China]].

The GBA's combined regional [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] was RMB¥15 trillion (US$2.1 trillion) in 2024, which was equivalent to [[Spain]]. In 2024, the GDP of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area surpassed RMB 14.5 trillion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/en/about/overview.html|website=Greater Bay Area|access-date=2025-10-15}}</ref> As one of China's most vibrant and important regions, the GBA has the highest concentration of [[Fortune Global 500|Fortune 500 companies]] in the country and houses a majority of China's most innovative technology companies, such as [[Huawei]], [[ZTE]], [[DJI]], [[BYD Company|BYD]], [[Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group|GAC Group]], and [[Tencent]] (parent company of [[WeChat]]). GBA has a rich ecosystem of startups, incubators, and accelerators in the fields of agile tech, biotech, medical tech, and [[innovation]]. For these reasons, many experts consider the region an emerging [[Silicon Valley]] of Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bork |first=Henrik |date=5 December 2019 |title=China's Government Plan for Its Own Silicon Valley |url=https://www.rolandberger.com/nl/Point-of-View/China%27s-government-plan-for-its-own-Silicon-Valley.html |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=Roland Berger}}</ref> According to the [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] [[Innovation Cluster Rating]] 2025, the region is the leading science and technology [[Economic cluster|cluster]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pang |first=Genevieve |date=2025-09-13 |title=Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou named the world’s top innovation hub |url=https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/news/shenzhenhong-kongguangzhou-is-recognised-as-the-worlds-top-innovation-hub-091325 |access-date=2026-05-13 |website=Time Out Hong Kong |language=en}}</ref> Given traditional divisions between the provincial and municipal governments and business elites, there are some opinions that the ambitious idea behind the GBA might be difficult to implement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Tim |date=2018-09-20 |title=China's Greater Bay Area Has Real Economic Power |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2018/09/chinas-greater-bay-area-has-real-economic-power |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=[[Chatham House]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Definition == The "Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area" is sometimes confused with the area of the [[Pearl River Delta]], which is a term coined in 1947 referring to a smaller area.<ref name="beltandroad.hktdc.com">{{Cite web |last=2022 Foundation |date=2 July 2019 |title=Creating the Greater Bay Area of the Future |url=https://beltandroad.hktdc.com/en/insights/creating-greater-bay-area-future |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=beltandroad.hktdc.com}}</ref> In the early 2000s, Chinese scholars began using the term "Greater Pearl River Delta" (GPRD) which described the 9 + 2 city agglomeration that encompassed post-handover Hong Kong and Macao, conceptualized as a series of lesser cities as industrial nodes with specialist functions clustering around two prominent cores – Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In 2003, the province advocated the idea of "Pan-PRD" as an even more extensive regional construct that comprised nine neighboring provinces to promote economic cooperation.<ref name="archdaily.com">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-21 |title=The Greater Bay Area: Integration, Differentiation and Regenerative Ecologies |url=https://www.archdaily.com/942022/the-greater-bay-area-integration-differentiation-and-regenerative-ecologies |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref> A somewhat similar idea is later mentioned in the English version of China's [[Five-year plans of China#Thirteenth Plan (2016–2020)|13th Five-Year Plan]], taking the Pearl River Delta and including the larger province of Guangdong.<ref>{{Citation |title=The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (2016–2020) |url=http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201612/P020161207645765233498.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126043817/http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201612/P020161207645765233498.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-26 |publisher=Central Compilation & Translation Press |mode=cs1}}</ref> On 1 July 2017, the "Framework Agreement on Deepening Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Cooperation in the Development of the Bay Area" ({{lang|zh-hant|深化粵港澳合作 推進大灣區建設框架協議}}) was signed in [[Hong Kong]].<ref>info.gov.hk</ref>

== History == The Greater Bay Area has been influenced by its coastal location for centuries. The first known ships from the area are believed to have been constructed by the people of the [[Nanyue|Nanyue Kingdom]] (204–112 BCE), who employed them for cultural and economic exchanges with countries as far as present-day Vietnam. After the takeover of the Han Dynasty, trading relations expanded beyond to reach Sri Lanka. During the subsequent period of the [[Three Kingdoms]], these trade routes were consolidated. Trade and cultural exchanges grew. Among this, the port of Guangzhou played a major role for the region's trade and cultural exchanges for over two thousand years. Established under the Kingdom of Wu during the period of the Three Kingdoms (222–280 CE), it eventually grew to become the starting point of the ancient maritime silk road during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]] (317–420 CE). By the fourth century CE, communities of foreign merchants began establishing themselves in the city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Baoxia |last2=Zhu |first2=Xianlong |last3=Grydehøj |first3=Adam |date=2020 |title=Perceiving the Silk Road Archipelago: Archipelagic relations within the ancient and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road |url=https://islandstudies.ca/sites/default/files/ISJXieArchipelagoRelationalitySilkRoad.pdf |journal=Island Studies Journal |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=55–72 |doi=10.24043/isj.118 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Since the first foreign merchants have established themselves in Guangdong, the whole GBA region's importance for global trade has only increased. When Macao became a Portuguese [[colony]] in the mid-1550s, it represented one of the first trading ports in the Far East. It was later joined by Guangzhou, whose port was the only one remaining open for foreign trade during the closure of the country under the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]. The [[Opium Wars]] brought Hong Kong under British control and forced the opening of other ports in the region. While their respective economic importance was subject to fluctuations later on, the establishment of special economic zones should begin to drive their economic importance anew.<ref>2022 Foundation (2019). ''The Future of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Background Report''. Retrieved 2021-08-31. http://www.2022foundation.com/images/GBA_BGdoc.pdf</ref>

[[Guangzhou]], the provincial capital of [[Guangdong|Guangdong province]], attracted the first U.S. investments such as [[Coca-Cola]], [[Procter & Gamble]], [[PepsiCo|Pepsi]] in 1990s and to date is the most concentrated area of [[United States|U.S]].-financed enterprises which have invested in [[southern China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guangzhou promotes image as intl. business and tech hub_Life of Guangzhou |url=https://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_981/node_989/node_997/node_1007/2017/03/17/1489718294177993.shtml |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=www.lifeofguangzhou.com}}</ref>

On 18 February 2019, the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area was adopted. The ambitious goal foresees a linkage of the nine cities in Guangdong province's [[Pearl River Delta]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] into an integrated economy and world-class business hub.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> In addition, it is expected to play a key role in [[Belt and Road Initiative]] by connecting southern China with the countries along the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chan |first=Fung |date=2020 |title=The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: Enhancing collaborative governance of the CEPA implementation and regional integration |url= |journal=China: An International Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=171–191 |doi=10.1353/chn.2020.0011|s2cid=251641247 }}</ref>

==Geography== The GBA is located in the southern coastal area of China, consisting of nine cities, or around 30% of the land mass, of the province of Guangdong, plus the [[Special Administrative Regions]] of Hong Kong and Macao.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Its climate ranges from humid [[Subtropics|subtropical]] to [[tropical climate]] in the far south. There are a few [[mountain range]]s collectively called the [[Nanling]] as well as a few inactive [[volcanoes]] on [[Leizhou Peninsula]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

Mountain ranges and peninsulas shape the GBA. The province of Guangdong, for instance, possesses a coastline of {{cvt|4114|km}} due to the multiplicity of islands, bays and peninsulas. This multiplicity of small islands results from the [[Pearl River Delta]], which is the convergent point of the East, North and West Rivers. The network of bays and rivers has contributed to the archipelagic nature of many cities within the GBA. The cities of Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, and Macao for instance "each possess constituent and distinctly islanded territorial niches that are focused on particular industrial areas."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Baoxia |last2=Zhu |first2=Xianlong |last3=Grydehøj |first3=Adam |date=2020 |title=Perceiving the Silk Road Archipelago: Archipelagic relations within the ancient and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road |journal=Island Studies Journal |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=55–72 |doi=10.24043/isj.118 |id={{ProQuest|2525727109}} |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The entire area has temperate springs (March to May), hot and wet summers (June to August), clear and cool autumns (September to November), and mild, rainy winters (December to February). The annual average temperature of Guangdong Province is around {{convert|22.3|C}}, with the average temperature of {{convert|16|-|19|C}} in January and {{convert|28|-|29|C}} in July. However, the highest temperature in summer goes more than {{convert|35|C}} and the lowest can be lower than {{convert|10|C}}. Temperatures in Hong Kong and Macao are nearly the same, with the annual average temperature around {{convert|23|C}}, a little higher due to their location more to the south and closer to the equator. GBA receives abundant amount of precipitation throughout the year.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

In 2019, GBA has a total population of approximately 86.17 million people (5% of China's total population).<ref name="Statista" /> The population is expected to reach 100 million people by 2030.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;" |- ! Cities !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;" |Urban<br />area pop.<ref name="2010PRCcensus" /> !! style="background-color: #aaffaa;" | District<br />area pop.<ref name="2010PRCcensus" /> !! style="background-color: #ffaaaa;" | Administrative<br />area pop.<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{Cite book |last=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2012 |publisher=Zhongguo tongji chubanshe |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料}}</ref> !! Census date |- | [[Guangzhou]] || 10,641,408 ||14,904,400 |14,904,400 | 2020-11-01 |- | [[Shenzhen]] ||12,356,820 |12,356,820 |12,356,820 | 2020-11-01 |- | [[Dongguan]] || 8,396,820 || 8,396,820 ||8,396,820 | 2019-11-01 |- | [[Hong Kong]] || 7,515,489 ||7,515,489 |7,515,489 | 2020-06-30 |- | [[Foshan]] || 7,348,581 || 7,348,581 || 9,498,863 || 2020-11-01 |- | [[Zhongshan]] ||2,913,974 | 3,121,275 || 3,121,275 || 2020-11-01 |- | [[Huizhou]] || 1,807,858 || 2,344,634 || 4,598,402 || 2010-11-01 |- | [[Jiangmen]] || 1,480,023 || 1,822,614 || 4,450,703 || 2010-11-01 |- | [[Zhuhai]] || 1,369,538 ||1,759,000 |1,759,000 | 2020-11-01 |- | [[Zhaoqing]] || 784,642 || 1,397,152 || 3,916,467 || 2010-11-01 |- | [[Macau]] ||652,032 |652,032 |652,032 | 2020-08-12<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macao – Statistics & Facts |url=https://www.statista.com/topics/2312/macau/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230150617/https://www.statista.com/topics/2312/macau/ |archive-date=2020-12-30 |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> |- ! Total || 50,850,140 || 56,350,214 || 65,901,668 || |}

== Demographics == === Languages === The [[Ministry of Education (China)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) held a press conference on June 2, 2021, to disclose the "Report on the Language Life Situation in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area (2021)". The report, which was compiled by the National Language Service and Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Language Research Center under the auspices of the [[State Language Commission]], together with a team from [[Guangzhou University]], summarizes the state of language life in the region, and proposes recommendations for the construction of the language and writing environment and language services on the basis of the report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moe.gov.cn/fbh/live/2021/53486/mtbd/202106/t20210602_535151.html|title=[封面新闻]教育部: 《粤港澳大湾区语言生活状况报告》首次推出 – 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站|website=www.moe.gov.cn}}</ref>

== Economy == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;" ! City ! Area km<sup>2</sup> ! [[2020 Chinese census|Population (2020)]] ! GDP (LCU)<ref name=GDP2024/> ! GDP (US$) |- | [[Shenzhen]] || 1,986 || 17,560,000 || CN¥ 3,680 billion || US$ 512.6 billion |- | [[Guangzhou]] || 7,434 || 18,676,605 || CN¥ 3,103 billion || US$ 432.2 billion |- | [[Hong Kong]] || 1,114 || 7,413,070 || HK$ 3,138 billion || US$ 401.8 billion |- | [[Foshan]] || 3,848 || 9,498,863 || CN¥ 1,336 billion || US$ 186.1 billion |- | [[Dongguan]] || 2,465 || 10,466,625 || CN¥ 1,228 billion || US$ 171.1 billion |- | [[Huizhou]] || 10,922 || 6,042,852 || CN¥ 614 billion || US$ 85.5 billion |- | [[Zhuhai]] || 1,724 || 2,439,585 || CN¥ 448 billion || US$ 62.4 billion |- | [[Zhongshan]] || 1,784 ||4,418,060 || CN¥ 414 billion || US$ 57.7 billion |- | [[Macau]] || 115 || 672,800 || MOP$ 430 billion || US$ 53.4 billion |- | [[Jiangmen]] || 9,535 || 4,798,090 || CN¥ 421 billion || US$ 58.2 billion |- | [[Zhaoqing]] || 14,891 || 4,113,594 || CN¥ 292 billion || US$ 40.7 billion |- |- style="background:#feb;" | '''Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau<br />Greater Bay Area''' || ''' 55,818 ''' || ''' 86,100,000 ''' || ''' CN¥ 14.816 trillion ''' || ''' US$ 2.062 trillion ''' |- |}

The Greater Bay Area is a critical export hub, accounting for 37% of China's [[export]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qu |first=Hongbin |date=1 August 2018 |title=Greater Bay to Drive China's Growth |url=https://www.sustainablefinance.hsbc.com/carbon-transition/greater-bay-to-drive-chinas-growth |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=HSBC |language=en}}</ref> driven by the large [[airport]]s and [[railway stations]] of a well-connected transportation system. GBA hosts three of the world's top ten container ports and five international airports in [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport|Shenzhen]], [[Macau International Airport|Macau]] and [[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport|Zhuhai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enhancing Connectivity in the Greater Bay Area Mirroring Overseas Practices and Case Studies |url=https://www.arcadis.com/en/asia/our-perspectives/articles/enhancing-connectivity-in-the-greater-bay-area-mirroring-overseas-practices-and-case-studies/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030235403/https://www.arcadis.com/en/asia/our-perspectives/articles/enhancing-connectivity-in-the-greater-bay-area-mirroring-overseas-practices-and-case-studies/ |archive-date=2020-10-30 |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=Arcadis |language=en}}</ref> These airports account for an air freight traffic bigger than [[San Francisco]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Tokyo]] combined.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

The GBA is an economic powerhouse. Its combined regional GDP was RMB¥13 trillion (US$1.8 trillion) in 2022, which is equivalent to over 10 percent of GDP for all of China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Xie |first=Yuke |date=7 November 2023 |title=Regulators, bankers push for freer capital flow between Hong Kong and Greater Bay Area to boost city's gateway role |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/3240694/regulators-bankers-push-freer-capital-flow-between-hong-kong-and-greater-bay-area-boost-citys |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref> If the GBA were its own country, it would rank as the 12th biggest economy globally (almost equal to South Korea's and bigger than Australia's economy). GDP growth of GBA was 4.4 per cent in 2019, and GDP is expected to reach US$4 trillion by 2030, which would lead the GBA's GDP to overtake that of Germany in 2019.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www2.colliers.com/en-hk/research/colliers-radar-greater-bay-area-a-2030-outlook |title=Greater Bay Area: A 2030 Outlook – Opportunities and Challenges Over the Next Decade |last=Colliers International |date=2019 |language=en |access-date=2020-11-15 |archive-date=2020-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031203321/https://www2.colliers.com/en-hk/research/colliers-radar-greater-bay-area-a-2030-outlook }}</ref>

According to the latest statistics released by the Macao Statistics and Census Service and the governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area recorded a regional GDP of around RMB 14.0 trillion in 2023, which further exceeded RMB 14.5 trillion in 2024, with a total population of over 87 million. In 2024, the nine mainland cities of the GBA generated 8.6% of China's national GDP with only 0.58% of its land area and 5.6% of its population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=粤港澳大湾区内地9市去年创造8.6%的全国经济总量 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macao_Greater_Bay_Area&action=edit&wvprov=sticky-header |url-status=live}}</ref>

The GBA maintains a strong industrial base that underpins its economic development. Its economy is driven by a range of traditional and advanced manufacturing sectors, including wood and plastics processing, textiles, electronics, food production, construction, automotive and aerospace industries, medical technology, and information technology, including software and hardware development.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Frerichs |first=Daniel |year=2021 |title=Greater Bay Area – Hier entsteht Zukunft |trans-title=Greater Bay Area – The future is created here |url=https://shop.owc.de/product/chinacontact-3-2021/ |journal=ChinaContact |language=German |publisher=owc Verlag für Außenwirtschaft |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=32–36}}</ref> The Outline Development Plan aims to establish industrial clusters focused on advanced equipment manufacturing in [[Zhuhai]] and [[Foshan]], and high-end manufacturing in [[Shenzhen]] and [[Dongguan]], building on the region's existing manufacturing base.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |title=Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Outline Development Plan |url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/en/outline/plan.html |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=www.bayarea.gov.hk}}</ref>

The region has a diverse economic outlook with industrial development zones in all eleven cities, covering emerging industries, R&D and high-end sectors,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Ricky |title=Keys to Success in the Greater Bay Area |url=https://home.kpmg/cn/en/home/insights/2020/01/keys-to-success-in-the-greater-bay-area.html |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=KPMG |date=19 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> notably the [[Internet of things|Internet of Things (IoT)]], [[artificial intelligence]], [[hydrogen technologies]], new mobility, and [[Clean technology|cleantech]]. Healthcare is another rapidly growing sector in the Greater Bay Area.<ref name="auto" /> The Guangzhou International Bio-Technology Island (formerly known as [[Dove Island (Guangzhou)|Dove Island]]) located in [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]] district, [[Guangzhou]] is a [[Biotechnology|biotech]] industrial zone in the region.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

Seeking to attract foreign investors, the government published ''Opinions Concerning Financial Support for the Establishment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area'' in 2020, which envisaged gradual financial liberalization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-22 |title=China's Greater Bay Area in 2020: Financial Sector Opening is a Priority |url=https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-greater-bay-area-2020-opening-financial-industry-promoting-integration/ |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=China Briefing News |language=en}}</ref> The [[People's Bank of China]] has introduced new measures aimed at liberalizing China's controls on [[foreign exchange controls|foreign exchange]] and foreign currency [[remittance]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Dorcas |date=2020-05-22 |title=China's Greater Bay Area in 2020: Opening up the Financial Industry, Promoting Integration |url=https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-greater-bay-area-2020-opening-financial-industry-promoting-integration/ }}</ref>

22 companies from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) make their mark on the 2024 Fortune Global 500 list, including 17 from Guangdong and 5 from Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=22 GBA companies listed on 2024 Fortune Global 500 |url=https://www.newsgd.com/node_99363c4f3b/647bf43c11.shtml}}</ref>

In the first half of 2025, the Greater Bay Area (GBA) continued to advance high-quality development, with technological innovation and regional integration serving as key drivers. In the digital economy and tech sector, Shenzhen accelerated growth in strategic emerging industries such as AI, biomedicine, and semiconductors. Guangzhou's Nansha FTZ launched pilot projects for cross-border data flow, while Hong Kong advanced cross-regional R&D cooperation through its "Blueprint for Innovation and Technology" and the InnoHK initiative.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

There are at least 31 joint laboratories established across Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.news.cn/20251107/c7106ddc41874126a84611360c6233ed/c.html|title=Xinhua Headlines: China's Greater Bay Area builds world-class city cluster through connectivity, innovation|date=2025-11-07|website=Xinhua Net|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yuan |first=Shenggao |url=https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/598203 |title=Greater Bay Area rides wave of sci-tech collaboration |date=2024-11-19 |website=China Daily Hong Kong |access-date=2025-12-25}}</ref>

According to official statistics released by Guangdong Province, research and development (R&D) expenditure intensity—defined as R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP—in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area has exceeded 3 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=研发投入突破5000亿, 强度跃升至3.60%——《2024年广东省科技经费投入统计公报》解读 |url=https://stats.gd.gov.cn/tjkx185/content/post_4806834.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=stats.gd.gov.cn}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}

=== Outline Development Plan === The ''Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area'', released by the Chinese central government in February 2019, outlines the integration of nine cities in Guangdong's [[Pearl River Delta]] with [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] into a unified economic region. The plan sets milestones aimed at establishing the Greater Bay Area as a globally competitive business hub by 2022, with further development into an international first-class bay area by 2035, emphasizing reform, innovation, connectivity, and environmental sustainability.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area – Outline Development Plan |url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/en/outline/plan.html |access-date=2021-09-24 |website=www.bayarea.gov.hk}}</ref>

The plan includes major infrastructure initiatives such as the development of an international airport cluster, inter-city high-speed rail, and expressways, including the construction of two new bridges across the Pearl River Delta. In response to environmental concerns, the plan also emphasizes ecological conservation and the promotion of green and [[Low-carbon economy|low-carbon]] development models. The overarching goal is to transform the GBA into a service-oriented economy.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

The GBA development strategy assigns specific roles to its four core cities based on their comparative advantages: Hong Kong will focus on enhancing its status as an international financial and logistics hub; Macau will develop as a center for tourism, leisure, cultural exchange, and trade with [[Portuguese-speaking world|Portuguese-speaking countries]]; Guangzhou will serve as a commercial, transportation, and educational center; and Shenzhen will prioritize innovation. Collectively, these specializations aim to transform the GBA into a globally competitive city cluster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EY |date=2021-09-24 |title=Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area – From Connectivity to Integration |url=https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_cn/topics/china-opportunities/ey-guangdong-hong-kong-macau-greater-bay-area-from-connectivity-to-integration-en-20200323.pdf?download }}</ref> The plan also supports the Hong Kong's development as a global [[offshore renminbi]] center, an international asset and risk management hub, and a regional center for legal and dispute resolution services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MzA3ODM5NjUx|title=HKTDC Research|website=research.hktdc.com}}</ref>

=== Urbanization ===

With the rising economic importance, the GBA also underwent unprecedented urban growth over the past three decades. The total urban areas have expanded from {{Convert|652.74|km2|abbr=on}} in 1986 to {{Convert|8137.09|km2|abbr=on}} in 2017 (approximately 13 times), at an 8.28% average annual growth rate.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Jie|last2=Yu|first2=Le|last3=Li|first3=Xuecao|last4=Zhang|first4=Chenchen|last5=Shi|first5=Tiezhu|last6=Wu|first6=Xiangyin|last7=Yang|first7=Chao|last8=Gao|first8=Wenxiu|last9=Li|first9=Qingquan|last10=Wu|first10=Guofeng|date=January 2020|title=Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017|journal=Remote Sensing|language=en|volume=12|issue=16|page=2615|bibcode=2020RemS...12.2615Z|doi=10.3390/rs12162615|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The area faces several challenges in implementing urban development solutions, including worsening air pollution, limited cross-border mobility, and constraints on the [[capital flow]], information, and data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart City China Report – Ostasiatischer Verein e.V. |url=https://www.oav.de/meldungen/beitrag-lesen/smart-city-china-report.html |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=www.oav.de}}</ref> A study by Wang et al. projected that urbanization and climate change will lead to an 8.87% increase in the exposure duration of dangerous discomfort ([[Humidex]] equal to/above 45) for GBA residents by 2030.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-05-01 |title=The projected effects of urbanization and climate change on summer thermal environment in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212095521000961 |journal=Urban Climate |language=en |volume=37 |article-number=100866 |doi=10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100866 |issn=2212-0955|last1=Wang |first1=Ziqian |last2=Xiao |first2=Zhixiang |last3=Tam |first3=Chi-Yung |last4=Pan |first4=Weijuan |last5=Chen |first5=Jilong |last6=Hu |first6=Chenxi |last7=Ren |first7=Chao |last8=Wei |first8=Wei |last9=Yang |first9=Song |bibcode=2021UrbCl..3700866W |s2cid=235518932 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Healthcare industry=== The Greater Bay Area is a leading hub for medical device production and innovation in China. In 2019, the region's medical device industry generated an output value of US$18.51 billion, representing 16.67% of the national total—the highest among all regions. It hosts several innovation platforms, including high-performance medical device centers, which support industrial development. Under the National Medical Products Administration's "Special Approval Procedure for Innovative Medical Devices", launched in 2014, 44 out of 265 approved innovative medical devices as of June 2020 originated from companies in the Greater Bay Area, accounting for 19% of selected domestic products.<ref>Merck – Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay AreaInnovation Ecosystem White Paper</ref>

=== Green Economy === In green development, the GBA actively fostered industrial chains in photovoltaics, hydrogen energy, and energy storage. It also enhanced standards in green buildings and eco-transport. Hong Kong solidified its status as Asia's green finance hub, while cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen introduced green zone evaluations and pilot mechanisms. Hydrogen-powered buses and smart EVs have been deployed across multiple GBA cities.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

=== GBA Development of the International Center for Innovation and Technology ("I&T") === The Government is stepping up its efforts to develop innovation and technology in eight major areas, including: increasing resources for research and development (R&D); pooling scientific and technological talents; providing investment funds; providing scientific research infrastructure; reviewing existing laws and regulations; opening up government data; strengthening procurement arrangements; and enhancing science education. To date, the Government has invested over $100 billion.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

The Greater Bay Area (GBA) continues to evolve rapidly, and 2024 brings new developments and strategies that further strengthen its role as a global economic powerhouse. Here are some key updates for 2024:

==== Technological Innovation and High-Tech Industry ==== Shenzhen continues to lead in technological innovation, positioning itself as a global hub for artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, big data, and 5G technologies. The city has increased investment in R&D, with a special focus on semiconductor production, aiming to reduce China's reliance on imported chips.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Education == GBA is home to numerous [[University|universities]] with [[hospital]]s and academic centres. The university town located on the [[Xiaoguwei]] Island in [[Guangzhou]] is considered as one of the "ten cores" of the "Science and Technology Innovation Corridor (STIC)"-blueprint for "China's Silicon Valley".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Zhigang |last2=Li |first2=Xun |last3=Wang |first3=Lei |date=October 2014 |title=Speculative urbanism and the making of university towns in China: A case of Guangzhou University Town |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0197397514001283 |journal=Habitat International |language=en |volume=44 |pages=422–431 |doi=10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.08.005|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Numerous highly rated medical schools operate in the region, including the First Affiliated Hospital of [[Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center|Sun Yat-sen University]], a leading hospital with over 3,000 beds. Several world leaders in translational medicine are based in GBA, such as the lung cancer authority Professor Yi-Long Wu (vice-president of the [[Guangdong General Hospital]] and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, and a director of Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute).<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Greater Bay Area – the next global healthcare innovation hotspot? |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chinas-greater-bay-area-next-global-healthcare-hotspot-le-deu |access-date=2020-11-15 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref>

Overall, GBA has over 200 universities, producing many college and advanced degrees graduates — over 570,000 college students a year graduates alone in [[Guangzhou]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Study in Guangdong|url=http://www.studyinguangdong.com/Education.html|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.studyinguangdong.com}}</ref> Within the GBA, Hong Kong hosts the highest density of top universities globally. Times Higher Education lists as the Top 5 of them the [[University of Hong Kong]] (ranked place 39 worldwide in 2021), the [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]] (ranked 56 worldwide in 2021), the [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]] (ranked 56 worldwide in 2021), the [[City University of Hong Kong]] (ranked 126 worldwide in 2021) and the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]] (ranked 129 worldwide in 2021).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-17 |title=Best universities in Hong Kong |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-hong-kong |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=Student |language=en}}</ref>

The government seeks to enhance innovation and technology collaboration. Efforts include opening Guangdong's R&D facilities to Hong Kong institutions, supporting participation in national technology programs, and promoting cross-border R&D initiatives. Key infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park, five Hong Kong R&D centres, the Hong Kong Science Park, Cyberport, and State Key Laboratories are involved. The policy also facilitates the exchange of talent, access to funding, and data sharing across regions, while offering immigration and administrative support to promote cross-boundary cooperation in science and technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/sc/resource/mainland-policies-measures-20220806.html|title=粤港澳大湾区建设 – 内地政策措施 – 20220806|website=www.bayarea.gov.hk}}</ref>

== Transportation == GBA is rapidly evolving into the dynamic world-class [[city cluster]] connected with the modern transportation network featuring [[Huangpu Bridge]], [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link|Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway]], [[Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge|Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge]] (HZM Bridge), [[Nansha Bridge]] and [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway|Guangzhou-Shenzhen Intercity Railway]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

There are also massive ongoing [[infrastructure]] projects underway. Among them – construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang High-speed Railway, Gangzhou-Shenzhen Highspeed Railway and Guangzhou-Shanwei-Shantou High-speed Railway.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

In 2024, the completion of several infrastructure projects in the GBA region is set to improve connectivity further. The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge, a key transportation link, is expected to open, dramatically cutting travel time across the Pearl River Delta.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

Further step in GBA's infrastructure development is establishment of airport clusters. Five main airports – [[Hong Kong International Airport]], [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]], [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport]], [[Macau International Airport]] and [[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport]]—as well as a group of feeder airports, will constitute a cluster that will be developed in two phases.<ref name="Limited">{{Cite news |title=Airport cluster boosts Greater Bay Area |work=Bangkok Post |date=24 August 2020 |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1973415/airport-cluster-boosts-greater-bay-area |access-date=2020-11-15 |last1=Songwanich |first1=Suwatchai }}</ref>

Phase one, due for completion in 2025, will establish a Greater Bay Area airport conglomerate, with greater interaction between the facilities. Phase 2 aims to lift all the airports to a world-class level by 2035 with "safe, green, smart, human and synergetic qualities".<ref name="Limited" />

The Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL) connects to the national high-speed rail network, significantly shortening the travelling time between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, and reinforcing Hong Kong's position as a regional transportation hub. in the first six months of 2023, the Hong Kong section of the XRL recorded an average daily patronage of more than 40,000 passenger trips, with the highest number of passenger trips in a single day exceeding 90,000 passenger trips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bayarea.gov.hk/sc/connectivity/key.html|title=粤港澳大湾区建设 – 互联互通 – 基础建设|website=www.bayarea.gov.hk}}</ref>

Regarding infrastructure and connectivity, major rail and road projects—such as the Guangzhou-Shenzhen intercity railway, the Guangfo South Ring, and the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Corridor—are reshaping regional mobility, gradually forming a "1-hour living circle" that boosts efficiency in transport and logistics. Additionally, collaboration in communication, energy, and data centers is enhancing the overall operational synergy of the region.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

By 2025, intercity railways in the Greater Bay Area had expanded into a network exceeding 4,000 km, while cross-border integration measures included 198 shared public services, 267 regional standards, and 308 certifications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Greater Bay Area GDP expected to top 15 trillion yuan in 2025, says Guangdong provincial legislature |url=http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2026-01/28/c_1157539.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}

=== Bridges === * [[Huangpu Bridge]] * [[Nansha Bridge]] * [[Humen Pearl River Bridge]] * [[Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge]] * [[Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge]]

{{Wide image|Greater Bay Area Rail Transit Network.png|800px|Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Bay Area Rail Transit Network in 2020}}

=== Rail === Urban rail transit (including metros, commuter and regional railways) is expanding very fast. Hong Kong MTR was the first, and its model has subsequently been applied to other networks in the region. The total length of all cities' metro lines is now {{cvt|924.8|km}}.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

==== Metro ==== * [[Dongguan Rail Transit]] * [[Foshan Metro]] * [[Guangzhou Metro]] * [[Hong Kong MTR|Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway]] * [[Macau Light Rapid Transit]] * [[Shenzhen Metro]]

==== Regional and commuter railway ==== * [[Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway|CR C-train]] (several sections)

==== Light rail and tram ==== * [[Guangzhou Trams]] * [[Light Rail (MTR)|Hong Kong Light Rail]] * [[Hong Kong Tramways]] * [[Peak Tram|Hong Kong Peak Tram]] * [[Shenzhen Tram]] * [[Trams in Zhuhai|Zhuhai Tram]]

==== Intercity railway ==== * [[Guangzhou–Kowloon through train]] * [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong section]] * [[Guangzhou–Foshan–Zhaoqing intercity railway]] * [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway]] * [[Dongguan–Huizhou intercity railway]] * [[jiangmen railway station|Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Jiangmen intercity railway]]

=== Air === * [[Hong Kong International Airport]] * [[Macau International Airport]] * [[Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport]] * [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport]] * [[Zhuhai Jinwan Airport]] * [[Foshan Shadi Airport]] * [[Huizhou Pingtan Airport]]

== Government and politics ==

=== Public administration === Starting from May 30, 2019, Hong Kong and Macao residents can use the local self-service terminal system to handle the relevant government services in [[Nanhai, Foshan|Nanhai District]] of Foshan City. Guangdong Province has also formally proposed to introduce a credit scoring system to cover Hong Kong and Macao in the next three years, with a view to sharing credit information in the Greater Bay Area and providing credit incentives and sanctions for enterprises in the region. There are also plans to promote information sharing between the Mainland, Hong Kong and Macao, and to strengthen police cooperation and exchanges to deal with security threats.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Culture == Being part of the [[Silk Road]] as well as Chinese international [[Ocean|marine]] gates and trade hotspot for the last two thousand years, GBA has rich [[Culture|cultural]] and [[Folk culture|folk]] traditions, languages, and food. Among them, a distinct European ambience – the [[Lingnan culture|Cantonese culture]] with its center in [[Guangzhou]], [[Macau]], eastern [[Guangxi]], and [[Hong Kong]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

However, not all parts of the GBA are predominantly Cantonese. In particular, [[Huizhou]] is culturally distinct as it is historically a stronghold of the [[Hakka people|Hakka]], rather than Cantonese speakers. As a result, Huizhou’s local language, traditions, and cuisine align more closely with Hakka culture, which differs from mainstream Cantonese culture in dialect, architecture (such as walled villages), and food (for example, preserved and salt-baked dishes).{{cn|date=February 2026}}

There are many notable foods in Hong Kong, the most famous of which are [[wikt:菠蘿油|pineapple buns]], [[cart noodle]]s, [[egg waffle]]s and [[Hong Kong–style milk tea|Hong Kong-style milk tea]]. A local's day usually starts with a bowl of fish ball noodles or wonton noodles and a cup of soy milk. Notable foods in Macao are [[egg tart]]s, {{ill|Chicken cakes|zh|鸡仔饼}} and [[Bakkwa|pork jerky]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

Hong Kong and Macau also has its distinct local culture, largely based on Cantonese culture, but also heavily influenced by British and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonisation over the past two centuries.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

The distinct feature of [[Cantonese culture]] is the [[Cantonese|Cantonese language]] and [[Cantonese cuisine]]. Cantonese language is the official spoken language in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]]. In [[Guangdong]] and Guangxi, [[Mandarin Chinese]] is the official language taught in schools, but Cantonese is most frequently used in everyday life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gao |first=Sally |title=5 Traditions Unique to Cantonese Culture |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/5-traditions-unique-to-cantonese-culture/ |access-date=2020-11-30 |website=Culture Trip|date=14 April 2017 }}</ref>

== See also == {{Wikisourcelang|zh|粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要}} {{Portal|China|Hong Kong}} * [[Pearl River Delta]] * [[Pearl River Delta Economic Zone]] * [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] * [[Bocca Tigris]] * [[Metropolitan regions of China]] * [[Yangtze River Delta]] * [[Yellow River Delta and Bohai Sea]] * [[National Central City]] * [[Special economic zones of China|Special Economic Zones of China]] * [[South China]]

== Notes == {{notelist}}

== References == {{Reflist}} {{Economy of China}} {{Metropolitan cities of China}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area}} [[Category:Transborder agglomerations]] [[Category:Pearl River Delta| ]] [[Category:Landforms of Guangdong]] [[Category:Landforms of Hong Kong]] [[Category:Landforms of Macau]] [[Category:South China]]