{{Short description|Day of Holy Week in Christianity}} {{Infobox holiday |holiday_name = Holy Tuesday |type = Christian |longtype = [[Christianity|Christian]] |image = File:The_Parable_of_the_-Ten-_Virgins_(he_Parables_of_Our_Lord_and_Saviour_Jesus_Christ)_MET_DP835787.jpg |caption = The wise and the foolish virgins |nickname = Great and Holy Tuesday<br/>Fig Tuesday<br/>Megali Triti |observedby = Christians |date = Tuesday before Easter |date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Unbulleted list | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}}}} (Western) | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}}}} (Eastern) }} |date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Unbulleted list | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} |cite=y}} (Western) | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}}}} (Eastern) }} |date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Unbulleted list | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}}}} (Western) | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}}}} (Eastern) }} |date{{NEXTYEAR|2}} = {{Unbulleted list | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}}}} (Western) | {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Tuesday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}}}} (Eastern) }} |observances = [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] or [[Church service|Service of Worship]] |significance = Commemorates the [[Parable of the Ten Virgins]] and the [[Parable of the talents or minas]] |relatedto = [[Holy Week]] |frequency = annual |duration = 1 day }} '''Holy Tuesday''' or '''Great and Holy Tuesday''' ({{langx|grc|Μεγάλη Τρίτη}}, {{Transliteration|grc|Megali Triti}}) (lit. 'Great Third (Day)', i.e., '''Great Tuesday'''), also known as '''Fig Tuesday''', is a day of [[Holy Week]], which precedes [[Easter]].<ref name="Mirzaliyeva2022">{{cite web |last1=Mirzaliyeva |first1=Maysara |title=Holy Tuesday |url=https://nationaltoday.com/holy-tuesday/ |publisher=National Today |access-date=24 March 2024 |language=English |date=22 August 2022}}</ref> As with other days of Holy Week, this day is observed through the holding of [[church service]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Church services during the Holy Week just before Greek Easter|url=https://www.athensinsiders.com/blog/the-church-services-during-the-holy-week-just-before-greek-easter |publisher=Athens Insiders |access-date=24 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
== Nomenclature == {{further|Cursing of the fig tree}} Holy Tuesday is also known as Fig Tuesday "as it commemorates the day Jesus returned to Jerusalem from Bethany, passing a barren fig tree on the way, which he used as an example to teach his disciples."<ref name="Mirzaliyeva2022"/> The passages discussing this are found in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark.<ref name="Bloder2022">{{cite web |last1=Bloder |first1=Leon |title=Reflections on Holy Tuesday |url=http://www.presbymusings.com/2022/04/reflections-on-holy-tuesday.html |publisher=Presby-Musings |access-date=24 March 2024 |language=English |date=12 April 2022 |quote=Today is Holy Tuesday in Holy Week---a day which has also been called Fig Tuesday because of the passages of Scripture that mark this particular holy day in the historic Church. The reference to figs comes from two different passages in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark.}}</ref>
==Western Christianity== {{Lent_calendar.svg}} In the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the readings for the Novus Ordo are Isaiah 49:1-6; Psalm 71:1-6, Psalm 71:15, Psalm 71:17; 1 Corinthians 1:18-31; and John 13:21-33, John 13:36-38. In the older form of the Mass known as the [[Tridentine Mass]] the readings are taken from Jeremiah 11:18-20 and the Gospel according to St. Mark 14:1-72; Mark 15:1-46. In the 1955 Holy Week Reform, the first 31 verses of the 14th chapter of St. Mark were removed. Those 31 verses are retained in the Roman Catholic Churches which celebrate the pre-1955 Holy Week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2009/03/compendium-of-1955-holy-week-revisions_28.html|title=Compendium of the 1955 Holy Week Revisions|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
In the [[Revised Common Lectionary]], which is used by the [[Anglican Communion]], [[Methodist Church]]es, [[Lutheran Church]]es, [[Old Catholic Church]]es and some [[Reformed Church]]es,<ref name="Holmes2012">{{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Stephen Mark|title=The Fathers on the Sunday Gospels|date=1 October 2012|publisher=Liturgical Press|language=en |isbn=9780814635100|page=22|quote=The ''Revised Common Lectionary'' has been subsequently adopted by many English-speaking Protestant denominations such as the Church of Scotland and various Methodist, Lutheran and Reformed Churches. It has also been adopted by some Old Catholic Churches and is widely used throughout the Anglican Communion, for example by the Church of Ireland, Scottish Episcopal Church, Church in Wales the Episcopal Church (USA) and the Anglican Churches of Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Polynesia, Melanesia, the West Indies, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. In the Church of England the two-year Sunday Lectionary of the ''Alternative Service Book 1980'' was replaced in 2000 by an adapted version of the ''Revised Common Lectionary'' in ''Common Worship''.}}</ref> the [[Scripture lesson]]s are Isaiah 49:1-7 (First Reading), Psalm 71:1-14 (Psalm), 1 Corinthians 1:18-31 (Second Reading), and John 12:20-36 (Gospel Reading).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lectionary.library.vanderbilt.edu/lections.php?year=A&season=Holy%20Week|title=Year A - Holy Week : Revised Common Lectionary|publisher=[[Vanderbilt University Divinity School]]|language=en|access-date=22 March 2016}}</ref>
In traditional Methodist usage, ''[[Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965)|The Book of Worship for Church and Home]]'' (1965) provides the following Collect for Holy Tuesday:<ref name="BOW1964">{{cite book|title=The Book of Worship for Church and Home: With Orders of Worship, Services for the Administration of the Sacraments and Other Aids to Worship According to the Usages of the Methodist Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ckw6vgAACAAJ|access-date=25 March 2017|year=1964|publisher=Methodist Publishing House|language=en |pages=101}}</ref> {{blockquote|Almighty, everlasting God, grant us so perfectly to follow the passion of our Lord, that we may obtain the help and pardon of his all-sufficient grace; through him who lives and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, world without end. Amen.<ref name="BOW1964"/>}}
==Eastern Christianity== [[File:RossGospWiseFoolVirginsF4.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Wise and Foolish Virgins (from the [[Rossano Gospels]]).]]
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Armenian Apostolic church]] and those [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] that follow the [[Byzantine Rite]], this day is referred to as ''Great and Holy Tuesday'', or ''Great Tuesday''. On this day the Church commemorates the [[Parable of the Ten Virgins]] (Matthew 25:1-13), which forms one of the themes of the first three days of Holy Week, with its teaching about vigilance, and Christ as the Bridegroom. The bridal chamber is used as a symbol not only of the [[Holy Sepulchre|Tomb of Christ]], but also of the blessed state of the saved on the [[Day of Judgement]]. The theme of the [[Parable of the Talents]] (Matthew 25:14-30) is also developed in the hymns of this day.<ref name="Ware">{{Citation | last1 =Kallistos (Ware) | first1 =Bishop | author-link =Timothy Ware | last2=Mary | first2=Mother | year =1978 | publication-date=2002 | title =The Lenten Triodion | pages =59–60 | place =South Canaan PA | publisher =St. Tikhon's Seminary Press | isbn =978-1-878997-51-7 }} </ref>
The day begins liturgically with [[Vespers]] on the afternoon of [[Great Monday]], repeating some of the same [[sticheron|stichera]] (hymns) from the night before. At [[Great Compline]] a ''[[triodion|triode]]'' ([[Canon (hymnography)|Canon]] composed of three [[Canticle|Odes]]), written by [[Andrew of Crete|St. Andrew of Crete]] is chanted.
The [[Matins]] service for Monday through Wednesday of Holy Week is known as the Bridegroom Service<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.serfes.org/spiritual/april2009.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-19 |archive-date=2019-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519142349/http://www.serfes.org/spiritual/april2009.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> or Bridegroom Prayer, because of their theme of Christ as the Bridegroom of the Church, a theme movingly expressed in the [[troparion]] that is solemnly chanted during them. On these days, an [[icon]] of "Christ the Bridegroom" is placed on an [[analogion]] in the center of the [[temple]], portraying Jesus wearing the purple [[robe]] of mockery and crowned with a [[crown of thorns]] (see [[Instruments of the Passion]]). These Matins services are often chanted the evening before so more of the faithful may attend. The [[Matins Gospel]] read on this day is from the [[Gospel of Matthew]] Matthew 22:15-23:39.
The four Gospels are divided up and read in their entirety at the [[Little Hours]] ([[Third Hour]], [[Sext|Sixth Hour]] and [[Ninth Hour]]) during the course of the first three days of Holy Week, halting at John 13:31. There are various methods of dividing the Gospels, but the following is the most common practice:<ref>Bishop Kallistos, ''op. cit.'', p. 518</ref> *Third Hour—The second half of Mark *Sixth Hour—The first third of Luke *Ninth Hour—The second third of Luke At the Sixth Hour, there is a reading from the [[Book of Ezekiel]] Ezekiel 1:21-2:1.
At the [[Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts]], some of the [[stichera]] from the previous night's Matins ([[Lauds]] and the [[Aposticha]]) are repeated at ''Lord, I have cried'' (see [[Vespers#Eastern.2FOriental Catholic .26 Orthodox|Vespers]]). There are two Old Testament readings: Exodus 2:5-10 and Job 1:13-22. There is no [[Epistle]] reading, but there is a [[Gospel]] reading from Matthew 24:36-26:2.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=22 Great and Holy Tuesday] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] *[http://catholicism.about.com/od/lentenreadings/qt/Reading_TuHW.htm Scriptural Reading for the Tuesday of Holy Week] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228065358/http://catholicism.about.com/od/lentenreadings/qt/Reading_TuHW.htm |date=2009-02-28 }} from the [[Office of Readings]] (Roman Catholic) *[http://www.textweek.com/festivals/tuesday.htm Tuesday in Holy Week] Online liturgical resources
{{Holy Week}} {{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
[[Category:Holy Week]] [[Category:Tuesday observances]] [[Category:April observances]]
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