{{Short description|Monarch during a period of Russian history}} {{about|the princes of Moscow until 1547|the title created by Napoleon|Prince de la Moskowa}}
The '''Grand Prince of Moscow''' ({{langx|ru|великий князь Московский|translit=velikiy knyaz Moskovskiy}}), known as the '''Prince of Moscow'''{{efn|{{langx|ru|князь Московский|translit=knyaz Moskovskiy}}.}} until 1389, was the ruler of the [[Grand Principality of Moscow]]. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an [[appanage]] within the [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] grand principality. By the late 14th century, the grand principality became a family possession of the princes of Moscow;{{sfn|Fennell|2022|p=306|loc=in the conversion of the principality of Moscow into the grand principality of Vladimir ''and'' Moscow}} the monarch bore the title of ''grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow'' and later the title of ''grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riasanovsky |first1=Nicholas V. |title=Russian Identities: A Historical Survey |date=29 September 2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-534814-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6Qb2vqUa9YC |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Filjushkin|2006|pp=193-201}}
==History== The grand principality of [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] fell apart into feuding [[appanage]]s over the course of the 13th century. The princes of Moscow were descendants of [[Daniel of Moscow|Daniel]].{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=193, 428}} As Daniel never became [[grand prince of Vladimir]] before he died in 1303,{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} this meant that according to traditional succession practices, his descendants were ''[[izgoi]]'': his son and successor [[Yury of Moscow]] had no legitimate claim to the throne of Vladimir.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} This is why [[Tokhta Khan]] granted [[Mikhail of Tver]] the grand princely title when [[Andrey of Gorodets]] died the next year (27 July 1304).{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} Nevertheless, the princes of Moscow managed to play towards the favour of the Mongol khans of the [[Golden Horde]] in order to be awarded the grand princely title through a ''[[yarlik]]'' by the second quarter of the 14th century, in disregard of dynastic traditions.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=193–194, 221}} The Horde sought to use Moscow to weaken the [[Principality of Tver]] (the strongest principality),{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=71}} but by the second half of the 14th century, when the Horde got embroiled in a decades-long [[war of succession]] known as the [[Great Troubles]], the Muscovite princes managed to grow too powerful, and the khans were too late to start awarding the ''yarlik'' of grand prince of Vladimir to the princes of Tver instead in order to keep Moscow in check.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=100}} [[Dmitry Donskoy]] passed the grand principality to his son [[Vasily I of Moscow|Vasily I]] in his 1389 will,{{sfn|Fennell|2022|loc=But the most vivid proof of the assimilation of the thrones of Vladimir and Moscow is to be found in Dmitry Donskoy's will of 1389 in which he ''bequeaths'' Vladimir to his eldest son}} thus usurping the right of the khan to choose the grand prince.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Langer |first1=Lawrence N. |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia |date=15 September 2021 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-1942-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8I6EAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>
==List== ;Princes of Moscow {{Succession table monarch |name1 = '''[[Daniel of Moscow|Daniel]]''' |nickname1 = |native1 = Даниил Александрович |life1 = 1261 – 4 March 1303 |reignstart1 = 1283 |reignend1 = 4 March 1303 |notes1 = Son of Alexander Nevsky and Maria |family1 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image1 = Daniel Alexandrovich Moskovsky.jpg |alt1 = |name2 = '''[[Yury of Moscow|Yury]]''' |nickname2 = |native2 = Юрий Данилович |life2 = 1281 – 21 November 1325 |reignstart2 = 4 March 1303 |reignend2 = 21 November 1325 |notes2 = Son of Daniel<br/>Elder brother of Ivan I |family2 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image2 = Jurij_of_Moscov.jpg |alt2 = |name3 = '''[[Ivan I of Moscow|Ivan I]]''' |nickname3 = |native3 = Иван I Даниилович Калита |life3 = 1288 – 1340 |reignstart3 = 1332 |reignend3 = 31 March 1340 |notes3 = He was a successor of Alexander of Suzdal as Grand Prince of Vladimir and a successor of Yury of Moscow as Grand Prince of Moscow |family3 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image3 = Ivan_Kalita.jpg |alt3 = |name4 = '''[[Simeon of Moscow|Simeon]]''' |nickname4 = |native4 = Семён Иванович Гордый |life4 = 7 November 1316 – 27 April 1353 |reignstart4 = 31 March 1340 |reignend4 = 27 April 1353 |notes4 = Son of Ivan I and Helena |family4 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image4 = Simeon_Dumny.jpg |alt4 = |name5 = '''[[Ivan II of Moscow|Ivan II]]''' |nickname5 = |native5 = Иван II Иванович Красный |life5 = 30 March 1326 – 13 November 1359 |reignstart5 = 27 April 1353 |reignend5 = 13 November 1359 |notes5 = Son of Ivan I and Helena<br/>Younger brother of Simeon of Moscow |family5 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image5 = Ivan_krasniy_titularnik.jpg |alt5 = |name6 = '''[[Dmitry Donskoy]]''' |nickname6 = |native6 = Дмитрий Иванович Донской |life6 = 12 October 1350 – 19 May 1389 |reignstart6 = 13 November 1359 |reignend6 = 19 May 1389 |notes6 = Son of Ivan II and [[Alexandra Vasilyevna Velyaminova]] |family6 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image6 = Dmitri_Donskoy.jpg |alt6 = }}
;Grand princes of Moscow {{Succession table monarch |name7 = '''[[Vasily I of Moscow|Vasily I]]''' |nickname7 = |native7 = Василий Дмитриевич |life7 = 30 December 1371<br/>–<br/>27 February 1425 |reignstart7 = 19 May 1389{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=222}} |reignend7 = 27 February 1425{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=222}} |notes7 = Son of Dmitry I and [[Eudoxia Dmitriyevna]] |family7 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image7 = Vasily_Dmitrievich_titularnik.jpg |alt7 = |name8 = '''[[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]]''' |nickname8 = |native8 = Василий Васильевич (Василий Тёмный) |life8 = 10 March 1415<br/>–<br/>27 March 1462 |reignstart8 = 27 February 1425 |reignend8 = 30 March 1434 |notes8 = Son of Vasily I and [[Sophia of Lithuania]]. [[Muscovite Civil War|Deposed]]<hr/>Regent: Sophia of Lithuania (1425–1432) |family8 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image8 = Titulyarnik - Vasily Vasiliyevich.jpg |alt8 = |name9 = '''[[Yury of Zvenigorod|Yury]]''' |nickname9 = |native9 = <small>of Zvenigorod</small><br/>Юрий Дмитриевич |life9 = 26 November 1374<br/>–<br/>5 June 1434 |reignstart9 = 31 March 1434 |reignend9 = 5 June 1434 |notes9 = Son of Dmitry I and [[Eudoxia Dmitriyevna]]<br/> Younger brother of Vasily I |family9 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image9 = Jury Zvenigorodsky mal.jpg |alt9 = |name10 = [[Vasily Kosoy|'''Vasily''']] |nickname10 = the Squint |native10 = <small>of Zvenigorod</small><br/>Василий Юрьевич (Василий Косой) |life10 = 1421 – 1448 |reignstart10= 5 June 1434 |reignend10 = 1435 |notes10 = Son of Yury of Zvenigorod and Anastasia of Smolensk |family10 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image10 = Frescos in Cathedral of the Archangel in Moscow - west wall 01 - Vasily Kosoy.jpg |image_size10=60px |alt10 = |name11 = '''[[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]]''' |nickname11 = the Dark |native11 = Василий Васильевич (Василий Тёмный) |life11 = 10 March 1415<br/>–<br/>27 March 1462 |reignstart11= 1435 |reignend11 = 1446 |notes11 = Restored |family11 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image11 = Titulyarnik - Vasily Vasiliyevich.jpg |alt11 = |name12 = [[Dmitry Shemyaka|'''Dmitry''']] |nickname12 = Shemyaka |native12 = Дмитрий Юрьевич (Дмитрий Шемяка) |life12 = 1400s<br/>–<br/>17 July 1453 |reignstart12= 1446 |reignend12 = 26 March 1447 |notes12 = Son of Yury of Zvenigorod and Anastasia of Smolensk, brother of Vasily the Squint<br/>First to use the title of ''Ospodar of all the Rus{{'}}'' |family12 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image12 = Blagoverny kniaz Dmitry Yurievich Shemyaka.jpg |alt12 = |name13 = '''[[Vasily II of Moscow|Vasily II]]''' |nickname13 = the Dark |native13 = Василий Васильевич (Василий Тёмный) |life13 = 10 March 1415<br/>–<br/>27 March 1462 |reignstart13= 27 February 1447 |reignend13 = 27 March 1462 |notes13 = Restored<hr/>Co-ruler: [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan]] (since 1449) |family13 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image13 = Titulyarnik - Vasily Vasiliyevich.jpg |alt13 = |name14 = [[Ivan III of Russia|'''Ivan III''']] |nickname14 = the Great |native14 = Иван Васильевич (Иван Великий) |life14 = 22 January 1440<br/>–<br/>6 November 1505 |reignstart14= 5 April 1462 |reignend14 = 6 November 1505 |notes14 = Son of Vasily II and [[Maria of Borovsk]]<hr/>Co-rulers: [[Ivan the Young]] (1471–1490), [[Dmitry Ivanovich (grandson of Ivan III)|Dmitry the Grandson]] (1498–1502), [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasily]] (since 1502) |family14 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image14 = Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg |alt14 = |name15 = '''[[Vasili III of Russia|Vasily III]]''' |native15 = Василий Иванович |life15 = 25 March 1479<br/>–<br/>13 December 1533 |reignstart15= 6 November 1505 |reignend15 = 13 December 1533 |notes15 = Son of Ivan III and [[Sophia Paleologue]] |family15 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image15 = Vasili_III_of_Russia.jpg |alt15 = |name16 = '''[[Ivan the Terrible|Ivan IV]]''' |nickname16 = the Terrible |native16 = Иван Васильевич |life16 = 25 August 1530<br/>–<br/>28 March 1584 |reignstart16= 13 December 1533 |reignend16 = 26 January 1547 |notes16 = Son of Vasily III and [[Elena Glinskaya]]<hr/>Regent: Elena Glinskaya (1533–1538) |family16 = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |image16 = Ivan grozny frame.jpg |alt16 = }}
==See also== * [[List of Russian monarchs]] * [[Family tree of Russian monarchs]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography == * {{cite book |last1=Fennell |first1=John |title=The Emergence of Moscow, 1304-1359 |date=23 September 2022 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-34758-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI2EEAAAQBAJ |language=en}} * {{cite book |last=Filjushkin |first=Alexander |title=Tituly russkikh gosudarey |trans-title=The Titles of Russian Rulers |script-title=ru: Титулы русских государей |date=2006 |location=Moscow, St. Petersburg |publisher=Al'yans-Arkheo |language=ru |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQtoAAAAMAAJ |isbn=9785988740117}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Alef |first1=Gustave |date=1959 |title=The Political Significance of the Inscriptions on Muscovite Coinage in the Reign of Vasili II |url= |journal=Speculum |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.2307/2847975|jstor=2847975 }} * {{cite book |last=Halperin |first=Charles J. |authorlink=Charles J. Halperin |year=1987| title=Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History |pages=222 |publisher=Indiana University |isbn=9781850430575}} (e-book). * {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}}
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Moscow]] [[Category:Grand princes of Moscow| ]] [[Category:Daniilovichi family]] [[Category:Russian monarchy]]