{{Short description|British theoretical physicist (1944–2021)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Graham Ross | image = | caption = Ross in 2012 | birth_date = {{Birth year|1944}} | birth_place = Aberdeen, Scotland<ref name="CERNcourObit">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-21|title=Graham Ross 1944–2021|url=https://cerncourier.com/a/graham-ross-1944-2021/|access-date=2022-01-09|website=CERN Courier|language=en-GB}}</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|10|31|1944|df=yes}} | fields = {{Plainlist| * Particle physics * Standard Model * Supersymmetry }} | workplaces = University of Oxford | alma_mater = {{Nowrap|University of Aberdeen (BSc)<br />University of Durham (DPhil)}} | doctoral_advisor = Alan Martin<ref name="MGP">{{MathGenealogy|id=99502|name=Graham G. Ross}}</ref> | doctoral_students = {{Plainlist| * Brian Greene * Orfeu Bertolami }} | awards = {{Plainlist| * Fellow of the Royal Society (1991) * Dirac Medal of the IOP (2012) }} }}
'''Graham Garland Ross''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS}} (1944 – 31 October 2021) was a Scottish theoretical physicist who was the Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College.<ref name="CERNcourObit" /><ref name="staffpage">{{cite web| url=https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/contacts/people/ross | title=Staff profile | publisher=Department of Physics, University of Oxford | location=UK | access-date=28 February 2016 }}</ref><ref name=Death>{{Cite web|title=Graham Ross 1944-2021|url=https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/news/2021/november/graham-ross-1944-2021|access-date=4 November 2021|website=Wadham College|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103225329/https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/news/2021/november/graham-ross-1944-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 November 2021|title=Theoretical physicist Graham Ross dies|url=https://webific.ific.uv.es/web/en/content/theoretical-physicist-graham-ross-dies|access-date=4 November 2021|website=Instituto de Física Corpuscular}}</ref>
==Career== Ross was known for constructing models of fundamental interactions and verifying them by experimentation. With others, while at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva,<ref name="cernCour">{{cite web|url=https://cerncourier.com/from-the-june-1975-issue/|title=Compiler's note|publisher=CERN Courier|first=Peggy|last=Rimmer|date=June 1975|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref> he predicted that gluon radiation would generate collimated jets of particles in electron–positron annihilation, which subsequently established the existence of the gluon. He made contributions to the foundation of the perturbative treatment of quantum chromodynamics, applying it to high-energy processes and developing connections with the low-energy quark model. He developed predictions of unified models of the fundamental forces for polarised lepton scattering, for sin<sup>2</sup>''θ''<sub>W</sub>, for proton decay, and for inflationary cosmology. He discovered that in supersymmetric models, the electroweak symmetry can be broken by quantum effects, and he was among the first researchers to develop models based on this idea.<ref name="FRS">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/graham-ross-12201|title=Graham Ross|publisher=Royal Society|location=London}} One or more of the preceding sentences may incorporate text from the royalsociety.org website where "all text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." {{Cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134855/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=10 July 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown }}, "Intellectual property rights"</ref>
==Personal life== Ross died suddenly on 31 October 2021.<ref name="Death" />
==Awards and honours== Ross was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1991.<ref>[https://royalsociety.org/people/graham-ross-12201/ Graham Ross], The Royal Society</ref> In 2012, he was given the Dirac Medal by the Institute of Physics ''for his theoretical work in developing both the Standard Model of fundamental particles and forces and theories beyond the Standard Model that have led to many new insights into the origins and nature of the universe''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iop.org/about/awards/gold/dirac/medallists/page_56437.html | title=2012 Dirac medal | publisher=Institute of Physics | access-date=28 February 2016 | archive-date=7 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307125341/http://www.iop.org/about/awards/gold/dirac/medallists/page_56437.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{FRS 1991}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ross, Graham}} Category:1944 births Category:2021 deaths Category:British theoretical physicists Category:Scientists from Aberdeen Category:Scottish physicists Category:20th-century British physicists Category:21st-century British physicists Category:People associated with CERN Category:Fellows of Wadham College, Oxford Category:Department of Physics, University of Oxford Category:Alumni of Durham University Graduate Society Category:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen Category:British fellows of the Royal Society