{{short description|Family of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Large-clawed spiders | image = Gradungula sorenseni - Sebastian Doak - 151718791.jpeg | image_caption = ''Gradungula sorenseni'' | image2 = | image2_caption = | taxon = Gradungulidae | authority = Forster, 1955 | range_map = Gradungulidae range map.svg | range_map_caption = <span style="color:blue">blue</span>: reported countries (WSC)<br/><span style="color:green">green</span>: observation hotspots (iNaturalist) | diversity = 8 genera, 18 species }}
'''Gradungulidae''', also known as '''large-clawed spiders''', is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae.
Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground.
''Hickmania'', ''Progradungula'' (a large spider with long legs like ''Hickmania'',<ref name="forster1979" />), and ''Macrogradungula'' are the only cribellate genera of the family.
==Species== {{as of|2025|10}}, this family includes eight genera and eighteen species:<ref name="wsc" />
''Gradungula'' <small>Gertsch, 1958</small> * ''Gradungula sorenseni'' <small>Forster, 1955</small> — New Zealand
''Hickmania'' <small>Forster, 1955</small> * ''Hickmania troglodytes'' <small>(Higgins & Petterd, 1883)</small> — Tasmania
''Kaiya'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> * ''Kaiya bemboka'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — New South Wales * ''Kaiya brindabella'' <small>(Moran, 1985)</small> — Australian Capital Territory * ''Kaiya parnabyi'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — Victoria * ''Kaiya terama'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> (type species) — New South Wales
''Macrogradungula'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> * ''Macrogradungula moonya'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — Queensland
''Pianoa'' <small>Forster, 1987</small> * ''Pianoa isolata'' <small>Forster, 1987</small> — New Zealand
''Progradungula'' <small>Forster & Gray, 1979</small> * ''Progradungula barringtonensis'' <small>Michalik & Smith, 2024</small> – Australia (New South Wales) * ''Progradungula carraiensis'' <small>Forster & Gray, 1979</small> – Australia (New South Wales) (type species) * ''Progradungula otwayensis'' <small>Milledge, 1997</small> – Australia (Victoria)
''Spelungula'' <small>Forster, 1987</small> * ''Spelungula cavernicola'' <small>Forster, 1987</small> — New Zealand
''Tarlina'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> * ''Tarlina daviesae'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — Queensland * ''Tarlina milledgei'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — New South Wales * ''Tarlina noorundi'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> (type species) — New South Wales * ''Tarlina simipes'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — Queensland * ''Tarlina smithersi'' <small>Gray, 1987</small> — New South Wales * ''Tarlina woodwardi'' <small>(Forster, 1955)</small> — Queensland
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="wsc">{{cite web | url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/family/37 | title=Family: Gradungulidae Forster, 1955 | publisher=World Spider Catalog | doi=10.24436/2 | accessdate=2025-10-29}}</ref> <ref name="forster1979">{{cite journal| last1=Forster| first1=R. R.| last2=Gray| first2=M. R.| year=1979| title=''Progradungula'', a new cribellate genus of the spider family Gradungulidae (Araneae)| journal=Australian Journal of Zoology| volume=27| issue=6| pages=1051–1071| doi=10.1071/ZO9791051| url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/ZO9791051.htm| url-access=subscription}}</ref> }} * Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I. and Gray, M. R. (1987): A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). ''Bulletin of the AMNH'' '''185'''(1): 1-116 [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/969 Abstract] - [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/969/1/B185a01.pdf PDF (50Mb)]
==External links== * {{inaturalist taxon}}
* [http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/carrai_spider.htm Carrai cave spider ''Progradungula carraiensis'']
{{Araneae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q10549}}
Category:Gradungulidae Category:Spiders of Australia Category:Spiders of New Zealand Category:Araneomorphae families Category:Taxa named by Raymond Robert Forster
{{Araneomorphae-stub}}