{{Short description|Kenyan author (1930–2015)}} {{Use British English|date=January 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox person | name = Grace Ogot | image = Grace_Ogot_writer_and_mp.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Grace Emily Akinyi | birth_date = {{birth date|1930|5|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Asembo, Nyanza, Kenya | death_date = {{death date and age|2015|3|18|1930|5|15|df=y}} | death_place = Nairobi, Kenya | known_for = Author, nurse, journalist, politician and diplomat | spouse = }}
'''Grace Emily Ogot''' (née Akinyi; 15 May 1930 – 18 March 2015) was a Kenyan author, nurse, journalist, politician and diplomat. Together with Charity Waciuma she was the first Anglophone female Kenyan writer to be published.<ref name="auto">Mike Kuria, ed. ''Talking Gender: Conversations with Kenyan Women Writers'', 2003. PJ-Kenya, p. 71.</ref> She was one of the first Kenyan members of parliament and she became an assistant minister.<ref name=the>[http://www.theinsider.ug/kenyan-writer-grace-ogot-dies/ Kenyan Writer Grace Ogor Dies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524042405/http://www.theinsider.ug/kenyan-writer-grace-ogot-dies/ |date=24 May 2015 }}, 18 March 2015, The Insider.org, Retrieved 14 May 2016</ref>
==Biography== Ogot was born Grace Emily Akinyi to a Christian family on 15 May 1930<ref name="auto1">Peter Ngangi Nguli, [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000093261/grace-ogot-took-the-african-story-to-the-world "Grace Ogot took the African Story to the World"], Standard Digital, 10 September 2013.</ref> in Asembo, in the district of Nyanza, Kenya – a village highly populated by the predominantly Christian Luo ethnic group.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/351643/Luo|title=Luo|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> Her father, Joseph Nyanduga, was one of the first men in the village of Asembo to obtain a Western education. He converted early on to the Anglican Church, and taught at the Church Missionary Society’s Ng'iya Girls’ School.<ref name="answers.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/grace-ogot|title=Grace Ogot|work=Answers.com|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> From her father, she learned the stories of the Old Testament and it was from her grandmother that Ogot learned the traditional folk tales of the area from which she would later draw inspiration.<ref name=Lindfors57-68>Bernth Lindfors, "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1979, in ''World Literature Written in English'' 18(1) 57–68.</ref>
Grace Ogot's background was very interesting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://face2faceafrica.com/article/graceogot|title=Grace Ogot|date=15 May 2019 }}</ref> Ogot attended the Ng'iya Girls' School and Butere High School throughout her youth. From 1949 to 1953, she trained as a nurse at the Nursing Training Hospital in Uganda. She later worked in London, England, at St. Thomas Hospital for Mothers and Babies. She returned to the African nursing English.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-13 |title=Grace Ogot: One Of Africa'S Finest Writers And The First Woman To Publish Novel In East Africa |url=https://wundef.com/grace-ogot-one-of-the-africas-finest-writers-and-the-first-woman-to-publish-novel-in-east-africa/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Wundef.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
In addition to her experience in healthcare, Ogot gained experience in multiple different areas, working for the BBC Overseas Service as a script-writer and announcer on the programme ''London Calling East and Central Africa'',<ref name=Lindfors57-68 /> operating a prominent radio programme in the Luo language, working as an officer of community development in Kisumu County and as a public relations officer for the Air India Corporation of East Africa.<ref name="answers.com"/> In 1975, Ogot worked as a Kenyan delegate to the general assembly of the United Nations. Subsequently, in 1976, she became a member of the Kenyan delegation to UNESCO. That year, she chaired and helped found the Writers' Association of Kenya.<ref name="auto"/> In 1983, she became one of only a handful of women to serve as a member of parliament and the only woman assistant minister in the cabinet of then President Daniel arap Moi.<ref name=the/>
==Personal life== In 1959, Grace Ogot married history professor Bethwell Allan Ogot, a Luo from Gem Location, and later became the mother of four children. Her proclivity for storytelling and her husband's interest in the oral tradition and history of the Luo peoples would later be combined in her writing career.<ref>Chris Wanjala, [http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Grace-Ogot-chronicles-her-life-in-new-autobiography/-/1248928/1656866/-/item/1/-/b0k6mfz/-/index.html "Grace Ogot chronicles her life in new autobiography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233255/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Grace-Ogot-chronicles-her-life-in-new-autobiography/-/1248928/1656866/-/item/1/-/b0k6mfz/-/index.html |date=3 March 2016 }}, ''Business Daily'', 3 January 2013.</ref> Ogot died on 18 March 2015.<ref>Joseph Muraya, [http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2015/03/ex-assistant-minister-and-author-grace-ogot-dies/ "Ex-Assistant Minister and author Grace Ogot dies"], ''Capital News'', 18 March 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/art-culture/author-grace-ogot-dies-in-nairobi-1077078|title=Author Grace Ogot dies in Nairobi|website=Nation|location=Kenya|author1=Everline Okewo|author2=Silas Apollo|date=18 March 2025|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grace-Ogot|title=Grace Ogot|website=Britannica|date=11 May 2024|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>
==Work== ===Writing career=== In 1968, Grace Ogot read her short story "A Year of Sacrifice" at a conference on African Literature at Makerere University in Uganda. After discovering that there was no other work presented or displayed from East African writers, Ogot became motivated to publish her works,<ref>Bernth Lindfors "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1981, in ''World Literature Written in English'' 18(1), p. 58.</ref> which she subsequently did both in the Luo language and in English. "A Year of Sacrifice" appeared in print as Ogot's first published work<ref>Dubem Okafor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=65Sl6W4Z5YsC&pg=PA103 ''Meditations on African Literature''], Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001, p. 103.</ref> in the African journal ''Black Orpheus'' in 1963.<ref name="auto2">Sarah Constantakis, ed. [http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1430007563 "Overview: The Rain Came"], in ''Short Stories for Students''. Volume 34. 2012. Detroit: Gale.</ref> In 1964, her short story "The Rain Came" was published as part of the collection ''Modern African Stories'',<ref>''Modern African Stories'', ed. Ellis A. Comey and Ezekiel Mphahlele (London: Faber & Faber, 1964).</ref> co-edited by Es'kia Mphahlele, who had organised the earlier mentioned conference on African Literature at Makerere University in Uganda in 1962. "The Rain Came" was a reworked version of "A Year of Sacrifice" but considerably shortened and with a different beginning and ending. Also in 1964, the short story "Ward Nine" was published in the journal ''Transition''.<ref>Peter Benson, ''Black Orpheus, Transition and Modern Cultural Awakening in Africa'', University of California Press, 1986, p. 127.</ref>
Ogot's first novel ''The Promised Land'', set in the 1930s, was published in 1966 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Africa in Words |first=Guest |date=18 August 2020 |title=Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference. |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/08/18/where-were-the-women-east-african-writing-and-the-1962-makerere-conference/ |website=Africa in Words Guest}}</ref> and focused on Luo emigration and the problems that arise through migration. Her main protagonists emigrate from Nyanza to northern Tanzania, in search of fertile land and wealth. The story also focused on themes of tribal hatred, materialism, and traditional notions of femininity and wifely duties.<ref>[http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/the-promised-land "The Promised Land" ], African Books Collective.</ref> 1968 saw the publishing of ''Land Without Thunder'',<ref name=":0" /> a collection of short stories set in ancient Luoland. Ogot's descriptions, literary tools, and storylines in ''Land Without Thunder'' offer a valuable insight into Luo culture in pre-colonial East Africa. Her other works include ''The Strange Bride'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Internet Archive |title=The strange bride |url=https://archive.org/details/strangebride00grac |website=Internet Archive}}</ref>'','' ''The Graduate,'' ''The Other Woman'' and ''The Island of Tears.'' {{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Library |first=of Australia |title=The other woman : selected short stories / Grace Ogot |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/931608 |website=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Many of her stories are set against the scenic background of Lake Victoria and the traditions of the Luo people. One theme that features prominently within Ogot's work is the importance of traditional Luo folklore, mythologies, and oral traditions. This theme is at the forefront in "The Rain Came", a tale that was related to Ogot in her youth by her grandmother, whereby a chief's daughter must be sacrificed to bring rain.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>Margaret Busby, ''Daughters of Africa'', London: Vintage, 1993, pp.365–371.</ref> Furthermore, Ogot’s short stories juxtapose traditional and modern themes and notions, demonstrating the conflicts and convergences that exist between the old ways of thought and the new. In ''The Promised Land'', the main character, Ochola, falls under a mysterious illness which cannot be cured through medical intervention. Eventually, he turns to a medicine man to be healed. Ogot explains such thought processes as exemplary of the blending of traditional and modern understandings, "Many of the stories I have told are based on day-to-day life… And in the final analysis, when the Church fails and the hospital fails, these people will always slip into something they trust, something within their own cultural background. It may appear to us mere superstition, but those who do believe in it do get healed. In day-to-day life in some communities in Kenya, both the modern and the traditional cures coexist."<ref name=Lindfors60-62>Bernth Lindfors "Interview with Grace Ogot", 1979, ''in'' World Literature Written in English 18(1), pp. 60–62.</ref>
Another theme that often appears throughout Ogot’s works is that of womanhood and the female role. Throughout her stories, Ogot demonstrates an interest in family matters, revealing both traditional and modern female gender roles followed by women, especially within the context of marriage and Christian traditions.<ref>Gloria Chukukere, ''Gender Voices and Choices: Redefining Women in Contemporary African Fiction'', Fourth Dimension Publishing Co., 1995, pp. 60–62.</ref> Such an emphasis can be seen in ''The Promised Land'', in which the notions both of mothers as the ultimate protectors of their children and of dominant patriarchal husband-wife relationships feature heavily.<ref>Nici Nelson, [http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/0954416x/v09i0002/145_romawcnot1a1 "Representations of men and women, city and town in Kenyan novels of the 1970s and 1980s"], in ''African Languages and Cultures'', January 1996, 9(2): pp. 145–168.</ref> Critics such as Maryse Condé have suggested that Ogot's emphasis on the importance of the female marital role, as well as her portrayal of women in traditional roles, creates an overwhelmingly patriarchal tone in her stories.<ref>Chukukere, ''Gender Voices and Choices'' (1995), p. 218.</ref> However, others have suggested that women in Ogot’s works also demonstrate strength and integrity, as in "The Empty Basket", where the bravery of the main female character, Aloo, is contrasted by the failings of the male characters. Though her wits and self-assertion, Aloo overcomes a perilous situation with a snake, while the men are stricken by panic. It is only after she rebukes and shames the men that they are roused to destroy the snake.<ref>Grace Ify Achufusi, [http://simplelink.library.utoronto.ca/url.cfm/390741 "Conceptions of Ideal Womanhood: The Example of Bessie Head and Grace Ogot"], in ''Neohelicon'', 2005 19(2): p. 95.</ref> In Ogot’s short stories, the women portrayed often have a strong sense of duty, as demonstrated in "The Rain Came", and her works regularly emphasise the need for understanding in relationships between men and women.<ref>O. R. Dathorne. ''African Literature in the Twentieth Century'', Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1974, pp. 130–131.</ref>
Prior to Kenyan Independence, while Kenya was still under a colonial regime, Ogot experienced difficulties in her initial attempts to have her stories published: "I remember taking some of my short stories to the manager [of the East African Literature Bureau], including the one which was later published in ''Black Orpheus''. They really couldn't understand how a Christian woman could write such stories, involved with sacrifices, traditional medicines and all, instead of writing about Salvation and Christianity. Thus, quite a few writers received no encouragement from colonial publishers who were perhaps afraid of turning out radical writers critical of the colonial regime."<ref name=Lindfors60-62/>
She was interviewed in 1974 by Lee Nichols for a Voice of America radio broadcast that was aired between 1975 and 1979 (Voice of America radio series ''Conversations with African Writers'', no. 23). The Library of Congress has a copy of the broadcast tape and the unedited original interview. The broadcast transcript appears in the 1981 book ''Conversations with African Writers''.<ref>''Conversations with African Writers'' (Washington, D.C.: Voice of America, 1981), p. 207–216.</ref>
Three novels by her were posthumously published, launched by her husband in 2018.<ref>John Oywa, [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001272765/author-grace-ogot-won-t-keep-her-pen-down-even-in-death "Author Grace Ogot won’t keep her pen down, even in death"], ''Standard Digital'', 11 March 2018.</ref>
==Publications==
From the collection of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC: <!-- ??Empty BaSeSt--> *''Aloo kod Apul-Apul'' (1981), in Luo. *''Ber wat'' (1981), in Luo. *''The Graduate'', Nairobi: Uzima Press, 1980. *''The Island of Tears'' (short stories), Nairobi: Uzima Press, 1980. *''Land Without Thunder; short stories'', Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1968. *''Miaha'' (in Luo), 1983; translated as ''The Strange Bride'' by Okoth Okombo (1989) *''The Other Woman: Selected Short Stories'', Nairobi: Transafrica, 1976. *''The Promised Land: a novel'', Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1966. *''The Strange Bride'', translated from Dholuo (originally published as ''Miaha'', 1983) by Okoth Okombo; Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya, 1989. {{ISBN|9966-46-865-X}} *''Simbi Nyaima - the Lake that Sank'' (2018) * ''The Royal Bead'' (2018) * ''Princess Nyilaak'' (2018)
==See also== * Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogot, Grace}} Category:1930 births Category:2015 deaths Category:20th-century Kenyan politicians Category:20th-century Kenyan women politicians Category:20th-century novelists Category:20th-century women novelists Category:20th-century women writers Category:Kenyan novelists Category:Kenyan nurses Category:Kenyan radio presenters Category:Kenyan women diplomats Category:Kenyan women novelists Category:Kenyan women radio presenters Category:Kenyan women writers Category:Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) Category:Permanent delegates of Kenya to UNESCO Category:Permanent representatives of Kenya to the United Nations Category:Place of death missing Category:Women ambassadors of Kenya Category:Alumni of Butere Girls High School