{{Short description|Natural gas and oilfield in the North Sea}} {{Infobox oil field | name = Gorm | image = | caption = | location_map = North Sea | location_map_width = | location_map_text = | coordinates = {{coord|55|34|N|4|47|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | relief = yes | country = Denmark | region = North Sea | location = | block = 5504/15<br /> 5504/16 | offonshore = Offshore | operator = TotalEnergies | partners = | contractors = | discovery = 1971 | start_development = | start_production = 1981 | peak_year = | abandonment = | peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d = | peak_of_production_oil_tpy = | peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d = | peak_of_production_gas_mmscm/d = | peak_of_production_gas_bcm/y = | oil_production_bbl/d = | oil_production_tpy = | production_year_oil = | production_gas_mmcuft/d = | production_gas_mmscm/d = | production_gas_bcm/y = | production_year_gas = | est_oil_bbl = | est_oil_t = | recover_oil_bbl = | recover_oil_t = | est_gas_bft = | est_gas_bcm = | recover_gas_bft = | recover_gas_bcm = | formations = Danian and Upper Cretaceous chalk }}

'''''Gorm''''' is a natural gas and oilfield in the Danish Sector of the North Sea. It was discovered in 1971 and is the largest oilfield exploited by Denmark.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRoJwOzO3NUC&q=gorm&pg=PA343 |title=Petroleum geology of the North Sea: basic concepts and recent advances |first=K. W. |last=Glennie |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=1998 |pages=30, 343 |isbn=978-0-632-03845-9}}</ref> The production infrastructure consists of five bridge-linked platforms<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ens.dk/en-US/OilAndGas/FieldsandProduction/Fields_and_facilities/Gorm/Sider/Forside.aspx |title=The Gorm Centre |publisher=Danish Energy Agency |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122725/http://www.ens.dk/en-US/OilAndGas/FieldsandProduction/Fields_and_facilities/Gorm/Sider/Forside.aspx |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is operated by BlueNord. The facilities include two wellhead platforms and several processing platforms. The '''''Rolf''''' and '''''Dagmar''''' fields are satellites to Gorm.

== Reservoir == The reservoir properties of the Gorm field are as shown. {| class="wikitable" |+Properties of Gorm reservoir<ref name=":0" /> !Property !Value |- |Block |5504/16 |- |Production horizon |Upper cretaceous Danian chalk |- |Field delineation, km<sup>2</sup> |63 |- |Reservoir depth, feet |6,600 to 7,200 |- |Hydrocarbon column, feet |500 |- |Density °API |33.5 |- |Gas / oil ratio |1789 |- |Sulphur content % |0.2 |- |Porosity % |27-35 |- |Total reserves oil, million barrels |110-600 |- |Total reserves gas, billion cubic feet |353 |}

== Infrastructure ==

=== Installations === The installations developed for the Gorm field were as follows. The water depth at the site is 39 metres.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Oilfield Publications Limited|title=The North Sea Platform Guide|publisher=Oilfield Publications Limited|year=1985|location=Ledbury|pages=264–75}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |+Gorm field installations !Platforms !Coordinates !Function !Type !Legs !Substructure weight, t !Topsides weight, t !Well slots !Installed !Production start !Production to |- |Gorm A |55.579105N 4.757856E |Drilling & wellhead |Steel jacket |4 |1080 |1100 |9 |September 1979 |May 1981 |Gorm C |- |Gorm B |55.578531N 4.757625E |Drilling & wellhead |Steel jacket |4 |1080 |945 |9 |December 1979 |March 1982 |Gorm C |- |Gorm C |55.579641N 4.758695E |Processing & accommodation (97 beds) |Steel jacket |8 |3500 |10,200 |– |July 1980 |May 1981 |Gorm E |- |Gorm D |55.579041N 4.750050E |Flare tower |Steel jacket |3 |750 |220 |– |February 1981 |– | |- |Gorm E (owned by DONG oil pipe A/S) |55.580749N 4.759857E |Riser and pumping |Steel jacket |4 |1634 |3900 |– |April May 1982 | |Gas to Tyra (14 inch pipeline), condensate to onshore (20 inch pipeline) |- |Gorm F |55.578398N 4.757050E |Well head, processing |Steel jacket | |2000 |11000 | |1991 | | |} In 2014 there were 32 oil production wells, one gas injection well, and 14 water injection wells.<ref name=":2" />

=== Pipelines === A number of pipelines transport fluids to and from the Gorm field. The Skjold, Rolf and Dagmar fields are satellites of Gorn {| class="wikitable" |+Gorm field pipelines<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Non-Technical Summary (NTS) of the Environmental and Social Impact Statement (ESIS) for the GORM project. |url=https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/OlieGas/gorm_ikke-teknisk_resume_engelsk.pdf |access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> !From !To !Fluid !Length, km !Diameter, inches !Note |- |Skjold B |Gorm F |Oil, gas & water |12 |12 | |- |Skjold A |Gorm A |Oil, gas & water |11 |12 | |- |Rolf |Gorm E |Oil, gas & water |17 |8 | |- |Dagmar |Gorm F |Oil, gas & water |9 |8 | |- |Gorm E |Rolf |Gas |17 |3 | |- |Gorm F |Skjold A |Injection water |12 |12 | |- |Gorm D |Skjold A |Gas |11 |6 | |- |Gorm E |Tyra E |Gas |16 |18 | |- |Gorm E |Fredericia shore terminal |Oil |330 |20 |Capacity = 270,000 barrels per day |- |Gorm E |CALM (see note) |Oil | |12 |Decommissioned |- |Gorm E |CALM |Oil | |12 |Decommissioned |} Note. CALM = Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring; buoys used to load ships with oil before the export pipeline was available.

== Production == The original design production rate for the process facilities on Gorm C was 60,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd). The design gas injection rate was 84 mmscfd (million standard cubic feet per day). The pumping platform Gorm C had a design throughput of 90,000 bopd.<ref name=":0" />

The production strategy is to maintain reservoir pressure through water injection.<ref name=":2" />

The production data for the Gorm field is shown in the following table. Production and injection numbers are cumulative rates up to 1 January 2014. About {{convert|400|oilbbl/d}} of crude oil from the nearby ''Rolf'' oil field are processed on the ''Gorm'' platforms.<ref name="Maersk">{{cite web |date=2 March 2011 |title=Update: Oil observed in the Danish North Sea near Maersk Oil platforms |url=http://www.maerskoil.com/Media/NewsAndPressReleases/Pages/UpdateOilobservedintheDanishNorthSeanearMaerskOilplatforms.aspx |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305122131/http://www.maerskoil.com/Media/NewsAndPressReleases/Pages/UpdateOilobservedintheDanishNorthSeanearMaerskOilplatforms.aspx |archivedate=5 March 2011 |publisher=Maersk Oil}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Gorm field production<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Danish Energy Agency |date=2024 |title=Oil and gas in Denmark 2013 |url=https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/OlieGas/oil_and_gas_in_denmark_2013.pdf |access-date=2023-11-05 |archive-date=2023-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118131411/http://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/OlieGas/oil_and_gas_in_denmark_2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> !Parameter !Value |- |Oil production wells |32 |- |Gas injection wells |1 |- |Water injection wells |14 |- |Oil production, million m<sup>3</sup> |60.79 |- |Gas production, billion Nm<sup>3</sup> |15.74 |- |Produced water, million m<sup>3</sup> |80.35 |- |Water injection, million m<sup>3</sup> |137.83 |- |Gas injection, billion Nm<sup>3</sup> |8.16 |- |Oil reserves, million m<sup>3</sup> |3.0 |- |Gas reserved, billion Nm<sup>3</sup> |0.3 |} In 2014 the annual production was 6.3 million barrels of oil and 3,677 million standard cubic feet of gas (104 million m<sup>3</sup> gas).<ref name=":1" />

== Incidents == An oil leak occurred in the field on 2 March 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title=Oil spotted on Danish North Sea Surface. Maersk halts Production from Rolf Platform | url=http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/oil-spotted-on-danish-north-sea-surface-maersk-halts-production-from-rolf-platform/ |work=OffshoreEnergyToday.com |date=2 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Maersk" />

== Dagmar and Rolf fields == The Dagmar and Rolf fields are satellites to the Gorm installations. The characteristics of the fields are as follows. {| class="wikitable" |+Dagmar and Rolf fields<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> |Field |Dagmar |Rolf |- |Prospect |East Rosa |Mid Rosa |- |Reservoir |Chalk and Dolomite |Chalk |- |Geological age |Danian, Upper Cretaceous and Zechstein |Danian and Upper Cretaceous |- |Coordinates |55.576474°N 4.618248°E |55.605986°N 4.491481°E |- |Block |5504/15 |5504/14 & 15 |- |Reservoir depth |1,400 m |1,800 m |- |Field delineation |50&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> |22&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> |- |Reserves | | |- |Discovered |1983 |1981 |}

The fields are developed through two offshore installations as shown. {| class="wikitable" |+Dagmar and Rolf installations<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> |Field |Dagmar |Rolf |- |Production start |1991 |1986 |- |Water depth |34 m |40 m |- |Installation |Fixed steel no helideck |Fixed steel |- |Function |Wellheads no processing |Wellheads no processing |- |Substructure weight tonnes |500 |1,400 |- |Topsides weight tonnes |532 |1,900 |- |Number of wells |2 |3 |- |Status |Shut in 2006 & 2007 |Producing (2022) |- |Export, well fluids |9&nbsp;km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm F |17&nbsp;km 8-inch pipeline to Gorm E |- |Import, lift gas |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |17&nbsp;km 3-inch pipeline from Gorm E |} The oil production profile of the Dagmar and Rolf fields (in 1000 cubic metres) is as shown.

{| class="wikitable" |+Rolf and Dagmar annual oil production (1000 m<sup>3</sup>) 1986-2004<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Danish Energy Agency |title=Oil production monthly and yearly |date=15 August 2016 |url=https://ens.dk/en/our-services/oil-and-gas-related-data/monthly-and-yearly-production |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205153802/https://ens.dk/en/our-services/oil-and-gas-related-data/monthly-and-yearly-production |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Year |1986 |1987 |1988 |1989 |1990 |1991 |1992 |1993 |1994 |1995 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |- |Rolf |469 |634 |396 |395 |271 |293 |304 |176 |100 |130 |113 |96 |92 |77 |83 |51 |51 |104 |107 |- |Dagmar | | | | | |475 |305 |67 |33 |35 |23 |17 |13 |10 |8 |4 |6 |7 |2 |} {| class="wikitable" |+Rolf and Dagmar annual oil production (1000 m<sup>3</sup>) 2005-2022<ref name=":3" /> |Year |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 |2010 |2011 |2012 |2013 |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 |2019 |2020 |2021 |2022 |'''Total''' |- |Rolf |79 |89 |103 |78 |76 |60 |1 | | | |78 |75 |54 |47 |58 |45 |45 |48 |'''4876''' |- |Dagmar |0 | | |0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |'''1005''' |}

== See also == {{Portal|Denmark|Energy}} * Tyra field * Dan oil field * Skjold oil field * Halfdan field * Siri, Nini and Cecilie oil fields * Valdemar oil and gas field * South Arne oil and gas field * Harald gas field * Ravn oil field

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122725/http://www.ens.dk/en-US/OilAndGas/FieldsandProduction/Fields_and_facilities/Gorm/Sider/Forside.aspx ''The Gorm Centre'']. Danish Energy Agency

Category:Natural gas fields in Denmark Category:Oil fields of Denmark Category:North Sea energy Category:Maersk Oil