{{Short description|Species of fish}} {{Speciesbox | image = Lutjanus goreensis.jpg | status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=de Morais, L. |author2=Sidibé, A. |author3=Nunoo, F. |author4=Camara, K. |author5=Djiman, R. |author6=Sagna, A. |author7=Sylla, M. |author8=Williams, A.B. |author9=Montiero, V. |author10=Lindeman, K. |author11=Quartey, R. |author12=Carpenter, K.E. |date=2015 |title=''Lutjanus goreensis'' |volume=2015 |article-number=e.T194345A2317341 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194345A2317341.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Lutjanus goreensis | authority = (Valenciennes, 1830) | synonyms = * ''Mesoprion goreensis'' <small>Valenciennes, 1830</small> * ''Lutjanus guineensis'' <small>Bleeker, 1863</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Lutjanus|goreensis|month=February|year=2021}}</ref> }} The '''Gorean snapper''' ('''''Lutjanus goreensis''''') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
==Taxonomy== The Gorean snapper was first formally described in 1830 as ''Mesoprion goreensis'' by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with the type locality given as Gorée in Senegal.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Lutjanus | access-date = 12 June 2021}}</ref> The specific name refers to the type locality of Gorée.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ | title = Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1 = Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = and | date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 12 June 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | archive-date = 12 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210412135037/https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ }}</ref>
==Description== The Gorean snapper has a relatively deep body with a pointed snout and a steeply sloping forehead. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a triangular patch with a clearly rearwards extension.<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | author = Gerald R. Allen | year = 1985 | title = FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date | pages = 87–88| publisher = FAO Rome | isbn = 92-5-102321-2 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/ac481e/ac481e23.pdf}}</ref> The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 14 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays.<ref name = Fishbase/> The pectoral fins contain 16 rays and are relatively short, not extending as far as the anus, and the caudal fin is slightly emarginate.<ref name = FAO/> This fish attains a maximum total length of {{cvt|80|cm}}, although {{cvt|50|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/> The back and upper flanks are vivid pink or reddish while the lower flanks and abdomen are silvery-white. There is a thin blue band or line of broken spots underneath the eye. The smaller individuals found in shallow water are mainly brownish in colour.<ref name = FAO/>
==Distribution and habitat== The Gorean snapper is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends along the western coast of Africa from Senegal in the north to Angola in the south, although it is less common south of the Congo River. It has also been found in the Cape Verde Islands,<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> the Canary Islands<ref name="Canarias">{{cite journal|author1=Espino, F.|author2=Tuva, F.|author3=Brito, A|name-list-style=amp|year=2015|title=Occurrence of the African Sergeant, ''Abudefduf hoefleri'' (Steindachner, 1881) (Actinopterygii: Pomacentridae) in the Canary Islands Waters|url=https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/56708/1/Ocurrence_African_Sergeant.pdf|journal=Revista de la Acadamia Canarias de Ciencas|volume=XXVII|pages=83–89}}</ref> and Madeira.<ref name = Madeira>{{cite journal | author1 = Peter Wirtz | author2 = Ronald Fricke | author3 = Manuel José Biscoito | year = 2008 | title = The coastal fishes of Madeira Island-new records and an annotated check-list | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.1715.1.1 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 1715 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–26}}</ref> The adults occur over rocky substrates and in near coral reefs. The juveniles are often recorded in coastal waters, especially estuaries and occasionally in the lower reaches of rivers.<ref name = Fishbase/> It has a depth range of {{cvt|0|to|50|m}}><ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />
==Biology== The Gorean snapper is a predatory species which feeds on other fishes and larger benthic invertebrates.<ref name = FAO/>
==Fisheries and conservation== The Gorean snapper is a target for commercial and artisanal fisheries throughout its range and it is taken mainly with seines, hook and line and by spearfishing. It is also caught using handlines, fixed bottom nets and trawl nets. The catch is usually sold as fresh fish. It is cultured in the brackish water zone of the Niger Delta, alongside ''L. agennes'' and the total estimated yield is {{cvt|1,415|kg}} per hectare per annum. There is very little data on landings or the biology of this species and therefore the IUCN categorise it as Data Deficient but state that it may be vulnerable to overfishing and that its true status may be Near Threatened or Vulnerable.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Lutjanus Category:Fish described in 1830