Gomphidiaceae

{{Short description|Family of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Gomphidius glutinosus 131007.jpg | image_alt = "Gomphidius glutinosus" | image_caption = ''Gomphidius glutinosus'' | taxon = Gomphidiaceae | authority = Maire ex Jülich (1982)<ref name="Jülich 1982"/> | type_genus = ''Gomphidius'' | type_genus_authority = Fr. (1836) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Gomphidiaceae |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?TableKey=14682616000000067&Rec=92842&Fields=All |website=MycoBank |accessdate=5 September 2019 |language=en |format=html}}</ref> | subdivision = *''Brauniellula'' A.H. Sm. & Singer 1959 *''Chroogomphus'' (Singer) O.K. Mill. (1964) *''Cystogomphus'' Singer 1942 *''Gomphidius'' Fr. 1836 *''Gomphogaster'' O.K. Mill. 1973 | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = }}

The '''Gomphidiaceae''' are a family of mushroom-forming fungi in the order Boletales. Unlike other boletes, all members of Gomphidiaceae (except for ''Gomphogaster'') are agarics, having gills instead of pores. Member genera include ''Chroogomphus'', ''Cystogomphus'', ''Gomphidius'' and ''Gomphogaster'', the last being a monotypic genus (i.e. with a single species) that may be incorporated into Gomphidius in the future after molecular assessment. The similarly named genus ''Gomphus'' is unrelated to this family. Another genus ''Brauniellula'' has since been sunk into ''Chroogomphus''.

Like all agarics, this group was formerly classified in Agaricales. Nonetheless, many of the microscopic features of these fungi, such as spore shape, strongly suggested an affinity with Boletales. This was later confirmed through molecular phylogenetic investigation, which demonstrated that Gomphidiaceae are more closely related to boletes than the "true" agarics of the Agaricales and that the development of gills in this group was an independent evolutionary event from the development of gills in the Agaricales.<ref name="kuo2"/> Molecular phylogenetic investigations have also demonstrated Gomphidiaceae are nested well within Boletales, being more closely related to Suillaceae than to Boletaceae, a finding that is supported by chemotaxonomic investigation of these groups.<ref name="chemo"/>

This family of fungi has been thought to be ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationship with their host trees, however, there is now evidence that many (and perhaps all) species in this group are parasitic upon ectomycorrhizal boletes, in relationships that are often highly species-specific.<ref name="agerer"/><ref name="olsson"/>

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="agerer">Agerer R. (1990). Studies on ectomycorrhizae XXIV: Ectomycorrhizae of ''Chroogomphus helveticus'' and ''C. rutilus'' (Gomphidiaceae, Basidiomyetes) and their relationship to those of ''Suillus'' and ''Rhizopogon''. Nova Hedwigia 50:1–63.</ref>

<ref name="chemo">Besl H, Bresinsky A. (1997). Chemosystematics of Suillaceae and Gomphidiaceae (suborder Suillineae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 206:223–242. ([https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00987949 abstract])</ref>

<ref name="Jülich 1982">{{cite book |author=Jülich W. |title=Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes |series=Bibliotheca Mycologica |publisher=Cramer |year=1981 |volume=85 |page=369 |isbn=978-3768213240}}</ref>

<ref name="kuo2">Kuo M. (2005). [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/chroogomphus.html The genus ''Chroogomphus''.] MushroomExpert.Com (website).</ref>

<ref name="olsson">Olsson PA, et al. (2000). Molecular and anatomical evidence for a three-way association between ''Pinus sylvestris'' and the ectomycorrhizal fungi ''Suillus bovinus'' and ''Gomphidius roseus''. Mycological Research 104:1372–1378. ([http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=64133 abstract])</ref>

}}

==Further reading== [http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/content/full/95/1/176 "The Gomphidiaceae revisited: a worldwide perspective"] by Orson K. Miller, Jr, ''Mycologia'' 95(1):176–183, January/February 2003. {{Taxonbar|from=Q2067577}}

Category:Boletales Gomphidiaceae