Goldcliff Priory

{{Short description|Benedictine monastery in Wales}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} {{Use British English|date=July 2015}} [[File:Newport wetlands - geograph.org.uk - 754834.jpg|thumb|225px|View toward the [[Bristol Channel]] at [[Goldcliff]], with the site of Goldcliff Priory (Hill Farm house and outbuildings) in the distance]] '''Goldcliff Priory''' was a [[Benedictine]] [[monastery]] in [[Goldcliff]], near [[Newport, Wales|Newport]], South Wales. It was established in 1113 by Robert de Chandos as a subsidiary house of the [[Bec Abbey|Abbey of Bec]] in [[Normandy]].<ref name=Williams>Williams, D. H., (1970) "Goldcliff Priory", The Monmouthshire Antiquary, 3:1 (1970-1), 37-54. {{ISSN|1359-9062}}</ref> The priory was built on a coastal site, now the land of Hill Farm. In the 1950s, the Monmouthshire writer [[Fred Hando|Hando]] noted the outlines of buildings visible as grass patterns or crop marks,<ref name="Hando"/> but by the 1970s the only remaining structural element was part of a cellar in the farm house.<ref name=Williams/>

[[Lords Commissioners|Royal Commission]] aerial photography in 2010 found evidence of the foundations of a large structure consisting of a central block with wings, measuring {{convert|37|m|ft}} by {{convert|11|m|ft}}, and set adjacent to a [[bivallate]] earthwork enclosure.<ref>{{Coflein|num=307861|desc=Goldcliff Priory: Priory of St Mary Magdalene (Benedictine)|access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>

==History== In 1113 Robert de Chandos endowed his new priory with the manor of [[Monksilver]], near [[Williton]] in [[Somerset]].<ref name="bush">{{cite book|last=Bush|first=Robin|title=Somerset: The complete guide|publisher=The Dovecote Press Ltd|location=Wimborne|year=1994|pages=[https://archive.org/details/somersetcomplete0000bush/page/148 148–149]|isbn=1-874336-26-1|url=https://archive.org/details/somersetcomplete0000bush/page/148}}</ref> The manor was originally called Silver, but was later termed Silver Monachorum or Monksilver because of its ownership by the priory.<ref>{{cite web|title=A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 5|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=117140|publisher=British History Online|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>

Robert de Chandos's son, also Robert, died in 1120 and was buried in the [[Church of St Mary Magdalene, Goldcliff]]. By the 13th century, the priory housed 25 monks. Untypically, the monks wore white [[Religious habit|habits]], unlike the usual black attire favoured by the [[Benedictine]]s.<ref name=Williams/> In 1322 the [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]] at Goldcliff was William de Saint Albin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7710277&queryType=1&resultcount=18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805072618/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7710277&queryType=1&resultcount=18|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012|title=National Archive at Kew}}</ref> A series of medieval charters exist, as do accounts of the drainage system developed. Fred Hando recorded that 20th-century farmers in the area ascribed the land reclamation and the building of the "Monksditch" to the priory. In 1334 the prior Phillip Gopillarius ("Philip de Gopylers") was charged, along with other clergy and laymen from the area, with stealing the cargo from a vessel [[Shipwreck|wrecked]] at Goldcliff.<ref name="Hando" >{{cite book|last=Hando |first=F.J. |author-link=Fred Hando |year=1958 |title=Out and About in Monmouthshire |publisher=R. H. Johns |location=Newport}}</ref>

[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] granted the patronage of the priory to [[Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick|Henry Earl of Warwick]], with licence to appropriate it to [[Tewkesbury Abbey]] and in 1442 it was made a cell of Tewkesbury. At this time the priory's estates were worth £200 a year. In 1445 the three monks of Tewkesbury were expelled from Goldcliff by the Welsh, though it was regained in 1447. In 1450 Henry VI gifted the priory to [[Eton College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol2/pp61-66|title='Houses of Benedictine monks: The abbey of Tewkesbury', A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 2 (1907), pp. 61–66|website=British History Online}}</ref>

At the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]], full ownership of the parish was vested in the college which retained ownership until the early 20th century. The priory records are held in the college archives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/+/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=O91315|title=Goldcliff Priory (Alien), cell of Bec Abbey, later of Tewkesbury Abbey Archives|website=The National Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etoncollege.com/eton.asp?di=274|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118092724/http://www.etoncollege.com/eton.asp?di=274|title=College Archives|archive-date=18 January 2008|website=Eton College}}</ref>

==Priors of Goldcliff== * [[William de Goldcliff]], c. 1190–1219 ([[Bishop of Llandaff]] 1219–29, his death) * Henry, 1248–1248 * Maurice, 1263 * Jean de Plessis, 1265 (becomes prior of Bec, dies shortly afterwards) * Walter, 1295 * Osbert, 1297–1313 * Ralph de Runceville, 1313–1318 * William de St Albino, 1319–1397 * Philip de Gopylers, 1328–1334 (William Martel intrudes in 1332) * Thomas Leonc, 1334–1336 (relieved in 1336) * William de St Albino, 1336–1349 (relieved in 1349) * Bertand Maheil, 1349–1352 (removed by Abbot of Bec) * William de St. Vedast, 1352–1357 (had keeping of [[Ogbourne Priory]], 1399) * German de St. Vedast, 1369–1418 * Lawrence de Bonneville, 1418–1441 * John Twining, 1441–1442 (monk of [[Gloucester Abbey|St Peter's, Gloucester]]) * Hugh Morainville, 1445–1447 (uncertain)

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Newport, Wales]] [[Category:Church in Wales]] [[Category:12th-century establishments in Wales]] [[Category:Christian monasteries in Wales]] [[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1110s]] [[Category:Benedictine monasteries in Wales]] [[Category:1113 establishments in Europe]]