{{short description|Chemical compound}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{distinguish|Meglutol}}
{{Drugbox | verifiedrevid = 462252373 | IUPAC_name = (2''R'',3''R'',4''R'',5''S'')-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)<br />piperidine-3,4,5-triol | image = Miglitol structure.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 200 | alt = Structural diagram of miglitol
<!--Clinical data--> | tradename = Glyset | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|miglitol}} | MedlinePlus = a601079 | licence_US = Miglitol | pregnancy_AU = B3 | pregnancy_US = B | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD --> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = By mouth (tablets)
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = Dose-dependent | protein_bound = Negligible (<4.0%) | metabolism = Nil | elimination_half-life = 2 hours | excretion = Renal (95%)
<!--Identifiers--> | IUPHAR_ligand = 4842 | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 72432-03-2 | ATC_prefix = A10 | ATC_suffix = BF02 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 441314 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00491 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 390074 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 0V5436JAQW | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D00625 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1561
<!--Chemical data--> | C=8 | H=17 | N=1 | O=5 | smiles = OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N | density = 1.458 | melting_point = 114 }}
'''Miglitol''' is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels.<ref name="Scott_2000" /> Approved for clinical use since 1998, miglitol has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing HbA1c levels, and decreasing both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in long-term clinical trials.<ref name="Scott_2000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scott LJ, Spencer CM | title = Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus | journal = Drugs | volume = 59 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–49 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10776834 | doi = 10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012 }}</ref><ref name="medline">{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601079.html |title=Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1 September 2010 |work=MedlinePlus |publisher=National Institutes of Health |access-date=13 April 2013}}</ref> Additionally, recent studies have suggested that miglitol may have potential as an anti-obesity agent, showing promise in reducing body weight and body mass index in obese or diabetic patients.<ref name="Sugimoto_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H | title = Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity | journal = Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 12 | issue = | article-number = 51 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26628904 | pmc = 4666030 | doi = 10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8 | doi-access = free }}</ref> While generally well-tolerated, the most common side effects associated with miglitol are gastrointestinal disturbances, which are typically mild to moderate and tend to decrease over time.<ref name="Scott_2000" />
It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect<ref name="FDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020682s010lbl.pdf|title=Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=August 2012 |work=Drugs@FDA|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |access-date=13 April 2013}}</ref>
In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.
== Formulation == The benefits of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on health were shown to be stronger when the powder is consumed orally dissolved in water as a beverage in comparison to its intake as ordinary hard gelatin capsules.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moreira FD, Reis CE, Gallassi AD, Moreira DC, Welker AF | title = Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | article-number = e0311501 | date = 2024-10-09 | pmid = 39383145 | pmc = 11463819 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0311501 | veditors = Dardari D | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2024PLoSO..1911501M }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref>
==See also== * Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor * Αlpha-Amylase * Cinnamon * Miglustat * Voglibose
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Oral hypoglycemics}}
Category:Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Category:Iminosugars Category:Piperidines Category:Polyols
{{gastrointestinal-drug-stub}}