Glenn Orton

{{short description|American planetary scientist and astronomer}}{{Infobox scientist | name = Glenn Scott Orton | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|07|24}}<ref name="jplcv">{{Cite web |title=NASA Postdoctoral Program – JPL Science |url=https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/documents/978/resumego_standard_2023Apr.doc}}</ref> | birth_place = Fall River, Massachusetts, U.S.<ref name="jplcv" /> | fields = Planetary Science<br />Astronomy | workplaces = NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br />California Institute of Technology | education = {{plainlist| *Brown University (ScB) 1970 * California Institute of Technology (PhD) 1975 }} | thesis_title = Observations and Analysis of 8 – 14 Micron Thermal Emission of Jupiter: a Model of Thermal Structure and Cloud Properties | thesis_url = https://doi.org/10.7907/c4ma-ab20 | thesis_year = 1975 | doctoral_advisor = Andrew P. Ingersoll | awards = NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal<br />NASA Group Achievement Award | website = }} '''Glenn Scott Orton''' (born July 24, 1948) is an American planetary scientist and astronomer. Orton is a lead research scientist in the Planetary and Exoplanetary Atmospheres Group working on the Juno mission at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he has spent his entire career.

Orton studies the gas giant planets and is credited with modeling the structure and composition of Uranus's atmosphere, for which he was awarded a NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.

An asteroid is named for him.

== Education and personal life == Orton was born in Fall River, Massachusetts.<ref name="jplcv" /> He became interested in astronomy at age six when his parents gifted him the ''Book of Knowledge'', one of the Wonder Books.<ref name=":6" /> He grew up observing the planet Jupiter from his backyard with an amateur telescope and began doing science fair projects while he was in primary school.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Becky |date=2022-12-20 |title=Decades of Jupiter Observations Have Revealed Something Strange |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/decades-of-jupiter-observations-have-revealed-something-strange/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title="Points that fall off the curve are either a mistake or the Nobel Prize." an interview with Glenn Orton |url=https://archive.storycorps.org/interviews/points-that-fall-off-the-curve-are-either-a-mistake-or-the-nobel-prize-an-interview-with-glenn-orton/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=StoryCorps Archive |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1965, he participated in his high school's science fair, focusing on Jupiter, for which he won first prize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koren |first=Marina |date=2020-05-14 |title=Jupiter Looks, Um, Different |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/jupiter-infrared-image/611647/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> He graduated from Joseph Case High School in Swansea, Massachusetts, in 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glenn Orton – Joseph Case High School – Swansea, MA |url=http://josephcasehighschool.org/alumni/1956072/glenn-orton.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223042306/http://josephcasehighschool.org/alumni/1956072/glenn-orton.html |archive-date=2017-02-23 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=josephcasehighschool.org |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

Orton was a first-generation college student.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mentors Point the Way to STEM for Interns at NASA-JPL – News {{!}} NASA JPL Education |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/mentors-point-the-way-to-stem-for-interns-at-nasa-jpl/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250924160803/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/mentors-point-the-way-to-stem-for-interns-at-nasa-jpl/ |archive-date=2025-09-24 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=NASA JPL Education |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> He was awarded a Bachelor of Science from Brown University in Physics; he graduated c''um laude'' in 1970.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Explore JPL – Seminar #2 |url=https://www.caltech.edu/campus-life-events/calendar/explore-jpl-seminar-2-5 |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=JPL Science |url=https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/orton/}}</ref> He received his Doctor of Philosophy in Planetary Sciences in 1975 from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title=Recognizing Breakthroughs in Infrared Absorption Studies Archives |url=https://amo-physics-conferences.scifat.com/tag/recognizing-breakthroughs-in-infrared-absorption-studies/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=AMO Physics |language=en-GB}}</ref> His thesis involved analyzing radio wave emissions from ground and space-based observations from the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecrafts to model Jupiter's thermal and cloud structures.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Orton |first=Glenn Scott |date=1975 |title=1. Spatially Resolved Absolute Spectral Reflectivity of Jupiter: 3390–8400 Angstroms. 2. The Jovian Thermal Structure from Pioneer 10 Infrared Radiometer Data. 3. Observations and Analysis of 8–14 Micron Thermal Emission of Jupiter: a Model of Thermal Structure and Cloud Properties |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4308/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718165359/https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4308/ |archive-date=2025-07-18 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=thesis.library.caltech.edu |language=en |doi=10.7907/c4ma-ab20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Orton is also an instructor at the San Gabriel Valley Region of the Porsche Club of America, where he was awarded "Driver of the Year" in 2011 and won timed trial championships.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Class of 1970 |url=https://www.brownalumnimagazine.com/classes/class-of-1970 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=www.brownalumnimagazine.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eisler |first=Steve |date=December 29, 2022 |title=TT and PDS Season Results |work=Velocity Magazine}}</ref> He is married and has two children.<ref name=":2" />

== Research and career == Orton is a lead Juno mission team member<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosher |first=Dave |title=Jupiter's Great Red Spot may have only 10 to 20 years left before it disappears |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-long-jupiter-great-red-spot-will-last-2018-2 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> and staff astronomer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caught in the Act: Fireballs Light up Jupiter |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/caught-in-the-act-fireballs-light-up-jupiter/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010152818/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/caught-in-the-act-fireballs-light-up-jupiter/ |archive-date=2025-10-10 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in La Cañada Flintridge, California.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 18, 2012 |title=Multiple Observations Reveal Unprecedented Changes on Jupiter |url=https://spacenews.com/multiple-observations-reveal-unprecedented-changes-on-jupiter/ |work=Space News}}</ref> He joined as an associate researcher in 1975, as part of the NASA Post Doctoral Program.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="jplcv" /> He has remained at JPL through his career as a research scientist since 1977,<ref name=":4" /> and was promoted into a senior role in 1995.<ref name=":7" /> He became a supervisor<ref name=":2" /> in the Planetary and Exoplanetary Atmospheres Group at JPL in 2022.<ref name=":3" />

Orton began studying Jupiter's atmosphere using multi-messenger astronomy in 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=40-Year Study Finds Mysterious Patterns in Temperatures at Jupiter – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/jpl/40-year-study-finds-mysterious-patterns-in-temperatures-at-jupiter/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> He has observed Jupiter at the W. M. Keck Observatory, the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klesman |first=Alison |date=2017-07-03 |title=NASA releases stunning views of Jupiter's Great Red Spot |url=https://www.astronomy.com/science/nasa-releases-stunning-views-of-jupiters-great-red-spot/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Astronomy Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Orton has also studied other gas giants, including Uranus, Neptune,<ref>{{Cite web |last=information@eso.org |title=A Warm South Pole? Yes, on Neptune! – Summer season on Neptune creates escape route for methane |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0741/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=www.eso.org |language=es}}</ref> and Saturn. He was also granted observation time for the gas giants at Palomar Observatory, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the Very Large Telescope,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petersen |first=Carolyn Collins |date=2022-12-29 |title=An Ongoing Study of Jupiter's Cloudtops Has Been Going on for 40 Years |url=https://www.universetoday.com/articles/an-ongoing-study-of-jupiters-cloudtops-has-been-going-on-for-40-years |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Universe Today |language=en}}</ref> the Hubble Space Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope, the Cassini Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Herschel Space Observatory.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" />

While observing Jupiter at the IRTF in 1994, Orton witnessed Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collide with the planet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=G. |last2=A'Hearn |first2=M. |last3=Baines |first3=K. |last4=Deming |first4=D. |last5=Dowling |first5=T. |last6=Goguen |first6=J. |last7=Griffith |first7=C. |last8=Hammel |first8=H. |last9=Hoffmann |first9=W. |last10=Hunten |first10=D. |last11=Jewitt |first11=D. |last12=Kostiuk |first12=T. |last13=Miller |first13=S. |last14=Noll |first14=K. |last15=Zahnle |first15=K. |date=1995-03-03 |title=Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter Observed by the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility |journal=Science |language=en |volume=267 |issue=5202 |pages=1277–1282 |doi=10.1126/science.7871423 |pmid=7871423 |bibcode=1995Sci...267.1277O |issn=0036-8075 }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> In 2009, after receiving a tip from an amateur astronomer in Australia,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=Richard A. |date=July 20, 2009 |title=Jupiter's Been Hit! |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/jupiters-been-hit |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref> he observed an asteroid's impact on Jupiter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Robert |date=2011-01-26 |title=New evidence that asteroid, not comet, struck Jupiter in 2009 |url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2011/01/26/new-evidence-that-asteroid-struck-jupiter-in-2009/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Berkeley News |language=en}}</ref> It was originally believed to have been a comet,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Tariq |date=2009-07-21 |title=Comet may have hit Jupiter |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna32015814 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> or space debris.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Dr Tony |title=Jupiter Impact: Mystery of the Missing Debris |url=https://phys.org/news/2010-06-jupiter-impact-mystery-debris.html |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref>

During his career, Orton derived the atmospheric model for Uranus's structure and composition. In 2015, NASA awarded Orton the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for this work.<ref name=":2" />

== Public outreach and mentorship == Orton is passionate about mentoring undergraduate students so they obtain research experience.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> He was credited with mentoring more than 270 students in 2024 by the American Astronomical Society.<ref name=":5" /> At least 190 of his mentees participated in Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF), where Orton was JPL's representative on their SURF Advisory Committee as of 2014.<ref name=":7" />

In 2016, Orton coordinated a public outreach camera, called Junocam, in which NASA crowdsourced amateur astronomers to take photos of Jupiter for scientific research.<ref name=":8" /> NASA originally instructed the team to scrap the visible spectrum camera from the Juno satellite, as its purpose of the mission was to study the interior of Jupiter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Jason |date=2016-07-05 |title=NASA almost didn't send Juno to Jupiter with a camera but thank the stars they did |url=https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2016/07/05/nasa-almost-didnt-send-juno-to-jupiter-with-a-camera-but-thank-the-stars-they-did/ |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Pasadena Star News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bfdjgp |title=Jupiter Revealed |last=Hewitson |first=Tom |type=Television production |publisher=BBC |year=2018 |series=Horizon}}</ref> Scott J. Bolton, the principal investigator (PI) of the mission, said his team installed it anyway.<ref name=":9" /> The PI of Junocam is Candice Hansen-Koharcheck<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2022-06-22 |title=You Can Help Scientists Study The Atmosphere On Jupiter |url=https://spacenews.com/you-can-help-scientists-study-the-atmosphere-on-jupiter/ |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> and her leadership on the project earned her a NASA Outstanding Public Leadership Medal.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |title=The Juno Team Wants Your Pictures of Jupiter |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/juno-team-wants-your-pictures-jupiter-180959639/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Meghan Bartels |date=2018-12-27 |title=JunoCam Images Are Where Science Meets Art and NASA Meets the Public |url=https://www.space.com/42798-junocam-blends-art-and-jupiter-science.html |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=Space |language=en}}</ref> The camera captured the first close-ups of Jupiter's poles.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ellis |first=Emma Grey |title=NASA's Juno Spacecraft Discovers Curiosities at Jupiter's Poles |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/09/nasas-juno-spacecraft-discovers-curiosities-jupiters-poles/ |access-date=2025-10-19 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Hansen |first2=Candice |last3=Caplinger |first3=Michael |last4=Ravine |first4=Michael |last5=Atreya |first5=Sushil |last6=Ingersoll |first6=Andrew P. |last7=Jensen |first7=Elsa |last8=Momary |first8=Thomas |last9=Lipkaman |first9=Leslie |last10=Krysak |first10=Daniel |last11=Zimdar |first11=Robert |last12=Bolton |first12=Scott |date=2017-05-28 |title=The first close-up images of Jupiter's polar regions: Results from the Juno mission JunoCam instrument |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL072443 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=44 |issue=10 |pages=4599–4606 |doi=10.1002/2016GL072443 |bibcode=2017GeoRL..44.4599O |issn=0094-8276|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==

* NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 1997, 2015<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> * NASA Group Achievement Award, 2012<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> * Royal Astronomical Society Honorary Fellow, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simion |first=Florin |date=2019-01-09 |title=Leading astronomers and geophysicists honoured by Royal Astronomical Society |url=https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/news/leading-astronomers-and-geophysicists-honoured-royal-astronomical-society |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=The Royal Astronomical Society |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> * American Geophysical Union Fellow, 2020<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /> * American Astronomical Society, Fellow, 2024<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=AAS Names 21 New Fellows for 2024 {{!}} American Astronomical Society |url=https://aas.org/press/aas-names-21-new-fellows-2024?fbclid=IwY2xjawNguJxleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFYRWpSMXZRb2ZJT0xoSmFlAR507Zpp34c87FojqGg2czkSn93wEGaukleCF56WJyP69YMKIiqvpihH4mwq5A_aem_DmafjW9esbvyzJL8KXb_Sg |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=aas.org}}</ref> * Molecular Physics Achievement Award, 2025<ref name=":3" /> * Asteroid namesake: 378370 Orton<ref>{{Cite web |title=IAU Minor Planet Center |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=378370 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=minorplanetcenter.net}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== Selected publications ==

* {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=G. S. |last2=Muhleman |first2=D. O. |last3=Berge |first3=G. L. |date=1972 |title=A Model for the Lower Atmosphere of Venus Based on High Resolution Interferometric Observations at Radio Wavelengths. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972BAAS....4..321O/abstract |journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=4 |pages=321 |bibcode=1972BAAS....4..321O }} * {{Cite journal |last=Orton |first=Glenn S. |date=1975 |title=The thermal structure of Jupiter I. Implications of Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0019103575900755 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=125–141 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(75)90075-5|bibcode=1975Icar...26..125O |url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Orton |first=Glenn S. |date=1975 |title=The thermal structure of Jupiter II. Observations and analysis of 8–14 micron radiation |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0019103575900767 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=142–158 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(75)90076-7|bibcode=1975Icar...26..142O |url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=Orton |first=Glenn S. |date=2009 |title=Ground-Based Observational Support for Spacecraft Exploration of the Outer Planets |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11038-009-9295-x |journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets |language=en |volume=105 |issue=2–4 |pages=143–152 |doi=10.1007/s11038-009-9295-x |bibcode=2009EM&P..105..143O |issn=0167-9295|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Antuñano |first2=Arrate |last3=Fletcher |first3=Leigh N. |last4=Sinclair |first4=James A. |last5=Momary |first5=Thomas W. |last6=Fujiyoshi |first6=Takuya |last7=Yanamandra-Fisher |first7=Padma |last8=Donnelly |first8=Padraig T. |last9=Greco |first9=Jennifer J. |last10=Payne |first10=Anna V. |last11=Boydstun |first11=Kimberly A. |last12=Wakefield |first12=Laura E. |date=2022-12-19 |title=Unexpected long-term variability in Jupiter's tropospheric temperatures |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01839-0 |journal=Nature Astronomy |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=190–197 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01839-0 |issn=2397-3366}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Tabataba-Vakili |first2=Fachreddin |last3=Eichstädt |first3=Gerald |last4=Rogers |first4=John |last5=Hansen |first5=Candice J. |last6=Momary |first6=Thomas W. |last7=Ingersoll |first7=Andrew P. |last8=Brueshaber |first8=Shawn |last9=Wong |first9=Michael H. |last10=Simon |first10=Amy A. |last11=Fletcher |first11=Leigh N. |last12=Ravine |first12=Michael |last13=Caplinger |first13=Michael |last14=Smith |first14=Dakota |last15=Bolton |first15=Scott J. |date=2020 |title=A Survey of Small-Scale Waves and Wave-Like Phenomena in Jupiter's Atmosphere Detected by JunoCam |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |language=en |volume=125 |issue=7 |article-number=e2019JE006369 |doi=10.1029/2019JE006369 |pmid=32728504 |issn=2169-9097|pmc=7380317 |bibcode=2020JGRE..12506369O }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Fletcher |first2=Leigh N. |last3=Encrenaz |first3=Therese |last4=Leyrat |first4=Cedric |last5=Roe |first5=Henry G. |last6=Fujiyoshi |first6=Takuya |last7=Pantin |first7=Eric |date=2015 |title=Thermal imaging of Uranus: Upper-tropospheric temperatures one season after Voyager |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001910351500295X |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=260 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.004 |bibcode=2015Icar..260...94O }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Moses |first2=Julianne I. |last3=Fletcher |first3=Leigh N. |last4=Mainzer |first4=Amy K. |last5=Hines |first5=Dean |last6=Hammel |first6=Heidi B. |last7=Martin-Torres |first7=Javier |last8=Burgdorf |first8=Martin |last9=Merlet |first9=Cecile |last10=Line |first10=Michael R. |date=2014 |title=Mid-infrared spectroscopy of Uranus from the Spitzer infrared spectrometer: 2. Determination of the mean composition of the upper troposphere and stratosphere |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019103514003789 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=243 |pages=471–493 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.012|arxiv=1407.2118 |bibcode=2014Icar..243..471O }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Fletcher |first2=Leigh N. |last3=Moses |first3=Julianne I. |last4=Mainzer |first4=Amy K. |last5=Hines |first5=Dean |last6=Hammel |first6=Heidi B. |last7=Martin-Torres |first7=F. Javier |last8=Burgdorf |first8=Martin |last9=Merlet |first9=Cecile |last10=Line |first10=Michael R. |date=2014 |title=Mid-infrared spectroscopy of Uranus from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer: 1. Determination of the mean temperature structure of the upper troposphere and stratosphere |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019103514003765 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=243 |pages=494–513 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.010|arxiv=1407.2120 |bibcode=2014Icar..243..494O }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=Glenn S. |last2=Fletcher |first2=Leigh N. |last3=Liu |first3=Junjun |last4=Schneider |first4=Tapio |last5=Yanamandra-Fisher |first5=Padma A. |last6=de Pater |first6=Imke |last7=Edwards |first7=Michelle |last8=Geballe |first8=Thomas R. |last9=Hammel |first9=Heidi B. |last10=Fujiyoshi |first10=Takuya |last11=Encrenaz |first11=Therese |last12=Pantin |first12=Eric |last13=Mousis |first13=Olivier |last14=Fuse |first14=Tetsuharu |date=2012 |title=Recovery and characterization of Neptune's near-polar stratospheric hot spot |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032063311001978 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=161–167 |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2011.06.013|bibcode=2012P&SS...61..161O |url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Orton |first1=G.S. |last2=Griffin |first2=M.J. |last3=Ade |first3=P.A.R. |last4=Nolt |first4=I.G. |last5=Radostitz |first5=J.V. |last6=Robson |first6=E.I. |last7=Gear |first7=W.K. |date=1986 |title=Submillimeter and millimeter observations of Uranus and Neptune |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0019103586901107 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=289–304 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(86)90110-7|bibcode=1986Icar...67..289O |url-access=subscription }}

== References ==  {{reflist}}{{Scholia|id=Q59675977}} {{Authority control|qid=Q59675977}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Orton, Glenn}} Category:Living people Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory faculty Category:California Institute of Technology alumni Category:Brown University alumni Category:People from Swansea, Massachusetts Category:People from Fall River, Massachusetts Category:Scientists from Massachusetts Category:Fellows of the American Geophysical Union Category:Fellows of the American Astronomical Society Category:Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society Category:American planetary scientists Category:NASA people Category:20th-century American physicists Category:20th-century American geologists Category:20th-century American astronomers Category:1948 births