{{Short description|Italian professor, jurist, and politician (1828–1918)}} {{for|the Italian admiral|Giuseppe Manfredi (admiral)}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = The Honourable | birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1828|03|17}} | birth_place = Cortemaggiore, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza | death_date = {{death date and age|1918|11|06|1828|03|17|df=y}} | death_place = Rome, Kingdom of Italy | image = Giuseppe Manfredi.jpg | office = President of the Italian Senate | term_start = 20 March 1908 | term_end = 6 November 1918 | predecessor = Tancredi Canonico | successor = Adeodato Bonasi | spouse = {{marriage|Paolina Giuditta Bertani|1852|1877|end=died}}<br />Countess Maria Carmela Giannerini | children = 10 | party = Historical Left }} '''Giuseppe Manfredi ''' (17 March 1828 – 6 November 1918) was an Italian professor, jurist, and politician. He was president of the Italian Senate in the early 20th century. Among his honors, he was made Supreme Knight of the Order of the Holy Annunciation on 4 February 1909.
==Early life and education== Manfredi was born 17 March 1828 in Cortemaggiore, at the time part of Duchy of Parma and Piacenza. His parents were Domenico and Paola Enrichetta Fogliazzi Manfredi and he had a brother, Enrico, and a sister, Maria Anna.<ref name="SDR" />
Leaving his home, Manfredi attended a Jesuit high school in Piacenza.<ref name="BD">{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giuseppe-manfredi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|title=Giuseppe Manfredi|website=Biographical Dictionary, Treccani |accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> He received a law degree from the University of Parma in 1849.<ref name="SDR">{{cite web|url=http://notes9.senato.it/Web/senregno.nsf/d7aba38662bfb3b8c125785e003c4334/c648b8361095a8584125646f005d0064?|title=Manfredi Giuseppe |website=Senato Della Repubblica |accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="BD" />
==Career== Manfredi worked in a law office beginning in 1846. Over the next few years he became interested in politics and expressed his views about democratic philosophies in the newspaper ''Il Tribuno del popolo'' (English: ''Tribute of the People'') and in pamphlets. He also wrote about anti-clericalism and Jacobinism.<ref name="BD" /> ''See also Revolutions of 1848''.
Having received his law degree, he began practicing as an attorney in 1849.<ref name="BD" /> Beginning in November 1851, he tried both criminal and civil cases in Piacenza. He was an investigating officer in 1853 at the Indirect Tax Administration of the Ministry of Finance of Parma.<ref name="SDR" />
Due to the things that Manfredi had written beginning in 1848, he was banned from practicing law by Charles III, Duke of Parma (who died in March 1854). After his death, Louise Marie, the Regent Duchess, reopened the University of Parma (which had been closed for several years).<ref name="SDR Comm" /> From 1855 to 1859, Manfredi taught law at the University of Parma.<ref name="SDR" />
He was involved in the Unification of Italy, working with a friend and leader of the unification movement, Giuseppe La Farina. During the War of 1859, he coordinated the volunteers and kept in contact with La Farina, Manfredo Fanti, and Luigi Carlo Farini.<ref name="SDR Comm">{{cite web|url=http://notes9.senato.it/web/senregno.nsf/All/C648B8361095A8584125646F005D0064/$FILE/1342_Manfredi%20Giuseppe_commemorazione%20-%20Copia.pdf |title=Acts of Parliament - Commemoration by Adeodato Bonasi, President of the Senate for Giuseppe Manfredi |website=Senato Della Repubblica | date=21 November 1918|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref> During the summer of 1859, he held a number of political offices, including Member of the Provisional Government of Piacenza, administrator of the province of Parma, a Member of the Assembly of People's Representatives in Parma, and Provisional Governor of Parma and Piacenza.<ref name="SDR" /> ''See also Kingdom of Italy (formed in 1861)''.
In 1862, he became Deputy Attorney General in the Perugia Court of Appeals. Three years later, he was Advocate General in Perugia.<ref name="SDR" /> He was also made Attorney General of Catania in 1868, and then served in that role in Bologna in 1869, in Rome in 1876. He was also the first president of the Court of Appeal of Ancona in 1876.<ref name="SDR" />
On 20 November 1876, he took the oath as Senator of the kingdom of Italy.<ref name="SDR" /> From 1881 until 1907, he was the Attorney General at the Supreme Court in Florence.<ref name="SDR" /> On 28 December 1907, he was elected vice-president of the upper house of the Senate. From 20 March 1908 until his death, he was the president of the Italian Senate, spanning three terms.<ref name="BD" />
Over his career, he was a member of the governing Council of the Order of Lawyers (Italian: ''Consiglio dell'Ordine degli Avvocati'') of Piacenza, the Italian Geographical Society (''Società Geografica Italiana''), and the National Committee for the history of the Italian unification (''Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano'').<ref name="SDR" />
==Personal life and death== He was married twice. He married Paolina Giuditta Bertani in 1852 and they had six children, Philip, Clara, Vittorio Emanuele Manfredo, Ernestino and Leopold. Paolina died in April 1877, and he subsequently married Countess Maria Carmela Giannerini, with whom he had four children, Corrado, Marcello, Anna, and Luis. Manfredi died on 11 June 1918 in Rome.<ref name="SDR" /><ref name="BD" />
In the commemoration by the Senate, he was described as follows, {{langx|it|label=none|Noi tutti ne rammentiamo il nobile e caro sembiante, i modi affabili, la parola solenne, il cuore affettuoso, l'animo candido e puro, l'amor di patria ardente}} — which roughly translates to "We remember the noble and dear countenance, an affable manner, the solemn word, an affectionate heart, the candid and pure soul, ardent love of country."<ref name="SDR Comm" />
==Publications== * {{cite book|author=Giuseppe Manfredi|title=Cenni politici|location=Piacenza|publisher=Tedeschi|year=1848|oclc=24231086}} * {{cite book|author=Giuseppe Manfredi|title=Elogio di Giuseppe Bruzzi |location=Piacenza|publisher=Solari|year=1850|oclc=24231288}}
==Honors== <!----- from the Italian article https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Manfredi -----> : 75px Supreme Knight of the Order of the Holy Annunciation – 4 February 1909<ref name="SDR" /> : 75px Grand Cordon of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus – 15 January 1888<ref name="SDR" /> : 75px Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy – 15 January 1873<ref name="SDR" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box|title=President of the Italian Senate|before=Tancredi Canonico|after=Adeodato Bonasi|years=1908–1918}} {{s-end}}
{{President of the Italian Senate}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Manfredi, Giuseppe}} Category:1828 births Category:1918 deaths Category:People from the Province of Piacenza Category:Presidents of the Italian Senate Category:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy Category:Italian people of the Italian unification Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy) Category:19th-century Italian politicians Category:20th-century Italian politicians