Giuseppe Botero

{{Short description|Italian writer}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox writer | image = | caption = | birth_name = Giuseppe Botero | birth_date = Year 1815 | birth_place = [[Novara]], [[Province of Novara]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] | death_date = {{death date|1885|5|30|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Northern Italy]] | alma_mater = [[University of Turin]] | genre = {{flatlist| * Novels * [[Short story|Short stories]] * [[Parable]]s * [[Public speaking|Speeches]] * [[Apologue]]s }} | movement = {{flatlist| * [[Romanticism]] }} | language = Italian | notableworks = {{flatlist| * ''Ricciarda o i Nurra e i Cabras'' * ''Virtu' e Patria'' * ''Raffaele'' * ''Il Galeotto di San Bartolomeo'' * ''Viver bene e fare il bene'' * ''Speranza'' * ''Lo studente'' * ''Amore e Natura'' * ''La Tradita'' }} | spouse = | children = | awards = }} '''Giuseppe Botero''' ([[Novara]], [[Province of Novara]], Italy, 1815 – [[northern Italy]], 30 May 1885), was an Italian writer in various literary genres, representative of the [[Romanticism|romantic]] literary movement and also an educator.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |author1=H. M. Ayres |title=Giuseppe Botero (1815–1885) |url=https://www.bartleby.com/library/bios/792.html |website=Barteby.com - www.bartleby.com |publisher=The Reader's Dictionary of Authors |access-date=18 March 2022 |language=English |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225002005/https://www.bartleby.com/library/bios/792.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Biography==

[[Botero]] lived his childhood under the custody of his mother, because his father, a surgeon by profession, died when Giuseppe was just a baby. He shared the early years of his life together with his two brothers and two sisters. At an early age, he was sent to an educational institution, never able to see his family again, but with the satisfaction of being successful in his school life.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book |last1=De Gubernatis |first1=Angelo |title=Dizionario Biografico degli Scrittori Contemporanei |date=1 February 1879 |publisher=Le Monier |location=Florence, Italy |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UizauOQhoCgC&q=Giuseppe+Botero&pg=PA189 |access-date=18 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010159/https://books.google.com.co/books?id=UizauOQhoCgC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=%22Giberto+Pertossi%22+Giuseppe+Botero&source=bl&ots=hsi_dcDex5&sig=ACfU3U3LZkzrvJJ7Z2cSkBJ9Ii9Opk47oQ&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_8LWthcH2AhXqRjABHZsHDwsQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=Giuseppe%20Botero&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

He devoted himself to being an educator for much of his life, serving as [[School Principal|principal]] in high schools and lyceums in various cities in [[northern Italy]]. He completed his Bachelor of Literature studies at the [[University of Turin]].<ref name="auto2"/>

In March 1848, during a short military career, he crossed the [[Ticino (river)|Ticino river]] carrying a rifle on his shoulder, from the [[Piedmont|Italian Piedmont]] and towards [[Revolutions of {{convert|1848|in|cm}} the Austrian Empire|Austrian]] territory, supporting the [[Five Days of Milan|insurgents of Milan]], under the leadership of [[Charles Albert of Savoy|King Charles Albert of Savoy]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Artikel auf dieser Seite: Botero, Botelho de Magalhães, Botenjäger, Botenlaube, Botenlohn, Botenmeister, Botenstab, Both Botha - Meine Bibliothek - www.zeno.org |publisher=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. |page=267 |url=http://images.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/K/big/meyers-1905-003-0267.png |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=German |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319213027/http://images.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/K/big/meyers-1905-003-0267.png |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1848 – La Primavera de los Pueblos |url=https://www.uv.es/ivorra/Historia/SXIX/1848.htm |website=www.uv.es |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Spanish |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126053926/https://www.uv.es/ivorra/Historia/SXIX/1848.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

A year after finishing his military career, he became a teacher.<ref name="Meyers">{{cite web |title=Botero, Giuseppe |url=https://meyers.de-academic.com/18144/Bot%C4%93ro |website=www.meyers.de-academic.com |publisher=Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias – Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=German |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319212958/https://meyers.de-academic.com/18144/Bot%C4%93ro |url-status=live }}</ref>

During his years of activity as an educator, this Piedmontese combined that activity with the production of literary works in different genres. In the educational field, he was known for being a person dedicated to the formation of his young students in values and different academic facets. In the literary field, he was characterized by composing works where he expressed his affectionate and delicate character, especially in the [[parable]]s he composed. In this genre, he made writings of an educational nature, following the example of [[Félicité de La Mennais|La Mennais]] and [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing|Lessing]].<ref name="auto2"/>

[[File:Per_le_nozze_della_gentile_damigella_Maria_Omboni_e_l'egregio_signore_Pietro_Zappa_alla_cugina_sposa_-_Giuseppe_Botero.pdf|thumb| ''Speranza'' was one of the parables written by Botero in the city of [[Faenza]], Italy. Literary work of 1870.]]

==Literary career==

Among the literary works authored by him, he wrote some novels. He also wrote numerous [[apologue]]s, speeches, parables, and [[Narrative|stories]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Botero, Giuseppe |url=http://www.librinlinea.it/search/public/appl/list.php?nomeautore=Botero,%20Giuseppe&from_search=1&ord=r&adv_search=y |website=Librinlinea, Biblioteche Piemontesi On Line – www.librinlinea.it |publisher=Promozione della Cultura, del Turismo e dello Sport |access-date=19 March 2022 |location=Via Bertola, 34 – 10122 Turin, Italy |language=Italian |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319213021/http://www.librinlinea.it/search/public/appl/list.php?nomeautore=Botero%2C+Giuseppe&from_search=1&ord=r&adv_search=y |url-status=live }}</ref>

The parables are a class of writings that were used in times before Botero's life, to provide teachings to the people in general, but in a very limited way in Italy. During his lifetime, very few authors used them as a literary genre of writing.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Marci |first1=Giuseppe |title=Scrittori Sardi |date=December 2013 |publisher=Center for Sardinian Philological Studies / CUEC |location=Autonomous Region of Sardinia, Italy |isbn=978-88-8467-859-1 |page=183 |url=https://diazilla.com/doc/1032231/opere---centro-di-studi-filologici-sardi |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319212952/https://diazilla.com/doc/1032231/opere---centro-di-studi-filologici-sardi |url-status=live }}</ref>

One of his works was the novel ''Ricciarda oi Nurra ei Cabras''<ref name="auto3"/> (Ricciarda or the Nurra and the Cabras), which refers to the frequent theme of love between young people belonging to families that hate each other, which Sardinian novelists like very much. The events of this story take place on the island of [[Sardinia]], specifically between the end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th century. However, due to its theme, its development could perfectly correspond to the environment lived on the island during all the centuries of modern times.<ref name="auto"/>

Botero's purpose through this literary work was to show the serious damage that passions, even good ones, can cause to human beings if they do not govern their actions through the use of reason, also relying on the bases of a good education.<ref name="auto"/>

[[File:Delle lodi dei Santi Martiri Gratiniano e Felino, patroni principali della città di Arona - Discorso del professore abate Giuseppe Botero.pdf|thumb|Of the praises of the holy martyrs Gratiniano and Felino – [[Public speaking|Speech]] by Professor Giuseppe Botero. Literary work written in [[Novara]], Italy in 1845.]]

==Main literary works== {| class="wikitable" !{{color box|#98FB98|'''Year'''|Black}} !{{color box|#98FB98|'''Title'''|Black}} !{{color box|#98FB98|'''Genre'''|Black}} !{{color box|#98FB98|'''Publishing location'''|Black}} |- |'''1843''' |''Discorso recitato quando la civica amministrazione di Arona inaugurava solennemente il monumento eretto alla memoria di Giuseppe Botelli''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botero |first1=Giuseppe |title=Discorso di Giuseppe Botero recitato quando la civica amministrazione di Arona inaugurava solennemente il monumento eretto alla memoria di Giuseppe Botelli |date=1843 |publisher=Typography by Francesco Artara – Cremona Library |location=Novara, Italy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=997CYUa7a6sC&q=giuseppe+botero |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010229/https://books.google.com.co/books?id=997CYUa7a6sC&dq=giuseppe+botero&source=gbs_navlinks_s |url-status=live }}</ref> (Speech delivered on the occasion of the solemn inauguration by the Arona civic administration of the monument erected in memory of Giuseppe Botelli) |'''Speech''' |''[[Novara]], Italy'' |- |'''1844''' |''Elogio funebre del padre Luigi de' Marchesi Dal Pozzo'' (Funeral eulogy of the father Luigi de 'Marchesi Dal Pozzo) |'''Speech''' |''Novara, Italy'' |- |'''1845''' |''Per l'inaugurazione del piroscafo San Carlo'' (For the inauguration of the steamship ''San Carlo'') |'''Speech''' |''Novara, Italy'' |- |'''1845''' |''Delle lodi dei Santi Martiri Gratiniano e Felino, patroni principali della citta di Arona: discorso del professore abate Giuseppe Botero'' <ref>{{cite book |last1=Botero |first1=Giuseppe |title=Delle lodi dei Santi Martiri Gratiniano e Felino, patroni principali della città di Arona: discorso del professore abate Giuseppe Botero |date=1845 |location=Novara, Italy |edition=Pasquale Rusconi |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuc.7170734&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021 |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010158/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuc.7170734&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> (Of the praises of the holy martyrs Gratiniano and Felino, principal patrons of the city of Arona: speech by the professor abbot Giuseppe Botero) |'''Speech''' |''Novara, Italy'' |- |'''1846''' |''In morte di Giberto Pertossi'' (In the death of Giberto Pertossi) |'''Speech''' |''Novara, Italy'' |- |'''1847''' |''Monte Mesma'' (Mount Mesma) |'''Monograph''' |''Novara, Italy'' |- |'''1854''' |''Ricciarda o i Nurra e i Cabras'' (Ricciarda or the Nurra and the Cabras) |'''Novel''' |''[[Cagliari]], Italy'' |- |'''1855''' |''Virtù' e Patria''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botero |first1=Giuseppe |title=Virtù e Patria |date=24 April 1855 |publisher=Casale – Volume 23908 of the Harvard Resurgence Conservation Microfilm Project – Modern and Contemporary History Library |edition=Giovanni Corrado |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwhSG_Tw5AC |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010207/https://books.google.com.co/books?id=UiwhSG_Tw5AC&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> (Virtue and Homeland) |'''Parable''' |''[[Moncalvo]], Italy'' |- |'''1858''' |''Raffaele'' (''Raffaele'') |'''Short story''' |''Cagliari, Italy'' |- |'''1859''' |''Il Galeotto di San Bartolomeo'' (The convict of Saint Bartholomew) |'''Short story''' |''[[Turin]], Italy'' |- |'''1861''' |''Nella di Cortemilia'' (Nella of Cortemilia) |'''Short story''' |''Turin, Italy'' |- |'''1862''' |''La Tradita''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Passano |first1=Giambattista |title=I Novellieri Italiani in prosa, indicati e descritti |date=1878 |publisher=Royal Printing House of Turin |location=Turin, Italy |pages=100–101 |url=https://archive.org/details/inovellieriitali02passuoft/page/100/mode/2up |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian}}</ref> (The Betrayed) |'''Novel''' |''[[Piacenza]], Italy'' |- |'''1862''' |''Parabole ad uso delle madri e delle maestre'' (Parables for the use of mothers and teachers) |'''Parable''' |''[[Florence]], Italy'' |- |'''1863''' |''Lo studente''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botero |first1=Giuseppe |title=Lo studente – Discorso |date=18 December 1862 |publisher=Library of modern and contemporary history, Rome |location=Piacenza, Italy |edition=A. Del Majo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjwM_TthxYAC |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010209/https://books.google.com.co/books?id=zjwM_TthxYAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb&redir_esc=y |url-status=live }}</ref> (The student) |'''Speech''' |''Piacenza, Italy'' |- |'''1865''' |''Didimo Frate'' (Twin Brother) |'''Short story''' |''[[Palermo]], Italy'' |- |'''1869''' |''Eloisa Basili'' (''Eloisa Basili'') |'''Short story''' |''Piacenza, Italy'' |- |'''1869''' |''La mia Donna'' (My Woman) |'''Parable''' |''[[Faenza]], Italy'' |- |'''1870''' |''Speranza – Per le nozze della gentile damigella Maria Omboni e l'egregio signore Pietro Zappa alla cugina sposa ''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botero |first1=Giuseppe |title=Per le nozze della gentile damigella Maria Omboni e l'egregio signore Pietro Zappa alla cugina sposa offre questa parabola Giuseppe Botero |date=May 1870 |publisher=Central National Library of Florence |location=Faenza, Italy |edition=Pietro Conti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCf1pX2RnWEC&dq=giuseppe+botero&pg=PA15 |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316010242/https://books.google.com.co/books?id=SCf1pX2RnWEC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=giuseppe+botero&source=bl&ots=S8T3-OaSg6&sig=ACfU3U2lfwohuEPs3pnyEwWkguuAyvNRIA&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj6rLKWx7_2AhXzRzABHb8vCOY4bhDoAXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=giuseppe%20botero&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> (''Speranza'' – For the wedding of the kind maid Maria Omboni and the distinguished gentleman Pietro Zappa, to his cousin bride) |'''Parable''' |''Faenza, Italy'' |- |'''1870''' |''Per le nozze dell'ingegnere architetto Pietro Rossini e la gentil donzella Anna Tomba agli sposi'' (For the wedding of the architect engineer Pietro Rossini and the gentle damsel Anna Tomba, to the newlyweds) |'''Parable''' |''Faenza, Italy'' |- |'''1872''' |''Viver bene e fare il bene'' (Live well and do good) |'''Parable''' |''Faenza, Italy'' |- |'''1873''' |''Amore e Natura'' (Love and Nature) |'''Parable''' |''Faenza, Italy'' |}

==Career as an educator==

[[File:Liceo_Torricelli-Ballardini._Faenza,_Italy_-_1930.jpg|thumb|Torricelli Lyceum in [[Faenza]], Italy – Year 1930. One of the educational institutions where Giuseppe Botero was president, between 1869 and 1875.]]

In 1849, he was assigned the chair of Italian literature, teaching at the high school of [[Cortemilia]].<ref name="Meyers"/>

Later, he was director in other high schools, including the Lyceum of Lecce, the Lyceum of Faenza, the Lyceum of Pistoya, the Lyceum of Campobasso and the [[Evangelista Torricelli|Torricelli Lyceum]], the latter being also located in the city of [[Faenza]], in the region of [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name="auto3"/>

From 1850 to 1854, he lived in the city of [[Cagliari]], where he was a teacher at the Dettori Lyceum. There, he wrote some of his literary works, on Sardinian themes and of a historical-descriptive type, in the line of writing of the author [[Walter Scott]].<ref name="auto"/>

===Presidency of the Torricelli Lyceum===

On 20 February 1869, Giuseppe Botero assumed the position of president of the Torricelli Lyceum,<ref name="Torricelli">{{cite web |title=I presidi del liceo dalla fondazione ad oggi |url=http://www.liceotorricelli.it/storiche/presidi.htm |website=Liceo Torricelli – www.liceotorricelli.it/ |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421110302/http://www.liceotorricelli.it/storiche/presidi.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> one of the oldest and most traditional secondary schools in Italy, located in the city of Faenza, in the province of [[Province of Ravenna|Ravenna]]. He received the position from Valentino Cigliutti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Liceo Torricelli-Ballardini |url=http://www.liceotorricelli-ballardini.edu.it/ |website=Liceo Torricelli-Ballardini – www.liceotorricelli-ballardini.edu.it |access-date=19 March 2022 |location=Via Santa Maria dell'Angelo, Faenza, Italy |language=Italian |date=2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307194223/http://www.liceotorricelli-ballardini.edu.it/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 1865 and until 1874 – during a large part of Botero's period as president of the institute, one of the most important events in the history of the lyceum was held: the ''Annual Literary Festival'', through which each year the institute paid homage to an Italian writer of the past, with the active participation of the students of the educational establishment through different disciplines and cultural expressions.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Liceo Torricelli – Dal collegio dei Gesuiti ai giorni nostri |url=http://www.liceotorricelli.it/st_liceo.htm |website=Liceo Torricelli – www.liceotorricelli.it |access-date=19 March 2022 |language=Italian |archive-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701130110/http://www.liceotorricelli.it/st_liceo.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Another important event for the lyceum during Botero's presidency was the return of the institution in 1873 to its former headquarters in the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] convent, in the same city of Faenza. The convent facilities were duly remodelled and prepared to accommodate the educational staff and their students.<ref name="auto1"/>

Giuseppe Botero assumed the position of president of the lyceum (later renamed ''Torricelli-Ballardini'') until 1875, before being replaced by Francesco Brizio.<ref name="Torricelli"/>

On 30 May 1885, Botero died in Italian territory,<ref name="auto3"/> 10 years after finishing his work as a teacher at the Torricelli Lyceum and after a 30-year career as a writer and 26 years as a licensed educator.

== See also == * [[Sardinian literature]] * [[Romanticism]] * [[Botero]]. Italian surname

==External links== * [[Authority control]]: [https://isni.oclc.org/xslt/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN%3A0000000062119358&TERMS_OF_USE_AGREED=Y&terms_of_use_agree=send International Standard Name Identifier]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.liceotorricelli.it/documenti/Libro%20del%20centenario.pdf Torricelli Lyceum – First centenary of its foundation], [[Faenza]], Italy (1963).

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Romanticism}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Botero, Giuseppe}} [[Category:Italian writers]] [[Category:1815 births]] [[Category:1885 deaths]] [[Category:Writers from the Kingdom of Sardinia]] [[Category:19th-century Italian novelists]] [[Category:19th-century Italian educators]] [[Category:Italian short story writers]] [[Category:Italian male short story writers]] [[Category:19th-century Italian male writers]]