{{Infobox royalty | name = Gishakidu<br>{{nobold|{{cuneiform|𒄑𒊮𒆠𒄭}}}} | image = This cuneiform text gives the city of Umma's account of its long-running border dispute with Lagash. Circa 2350 BCE. From Umma, Iraq. The British Museum, London.jpg | image_size = 250 | caption = Mace<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanderson |first1=David |title=Museum "daftly" displayed warrior king's relic as an upside down vase (The Times) |date=January 2019 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38772761}}</ref> of King Gishakidu giving the city of Umma's account of its long-running border dispute with Lagash. The vase redefines the frontier by recording the locations of stelae to the god Shara, as well as the distances between them. {{circa}} 2400 BC. From Umma, Iraq. Ref. 140889, British Museum, London.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vase of Lugalzagezi |url=https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=368267&page=5&partId=1&searchText=lugalzagesi |work=British Museum |publisher=British Museum}}</ref><ref>Full text, images in {{cite book |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P222906}}. Reconstructed as "Gishakidu".</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=British Museum realises 'vase' is in fact an ancient mace-head displayed upside down |website=www.theartnewspaper.com |date=7 January 2019 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/british-museum-goes-belly-up}}</ref> Authorship lost, pre-Lugalzagesi Ummaite prince, could also be Il, king of Umma,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sollberger |first1=Edmond |title=La frontière de Šara |journal=Orientalia |date=1959 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=337 |jstor=43073422 |issn=0030-5367}}</ref> but now generally attributed to Gishakidu.<ref>"An inscription formerly ascribed to Lugalzagesi can now be attributed to Geshshakidu ([https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P222906 FAOS 5/2 Giššakidug 2 = RIME 1.12.6.2])." {{cite journal |last1=Sallaberger |first1=Walther |last2=Schrakamp |first2=Ingo |title=Philological Data for a Historical Chronology of Mesopotamia in the 3rd Millennium |date=January 2015 |page=78 |url=https://www.academia.edu/25349814 |language=en}}</ref> | spouse = Bara-irnun | reign = c. 2400 BC | father = Il | predecessor = Il | successor = Possibly Ukush | dynasty = 1st Dynasty of Umma | succession = King of Umma }} {{Location map | Near East | width = 260px | float = right | border = | caption = Location of Umma | alt = | relief = yes | AlternativeMap = | overlay_image = | label = Umma | label_size = | position = | background = | mark = | marksize = | link = | lat_deg = 31.621369 | lon_deg = 45.933406 }} '''Gishakidu''' ({{cuneiform|𒄑𒊮𒆠𒄭}} ''giš-ša<sub>3</sub>-ki-du<sub>10</sub>'' ;{{fl.|{{circa}} 2400 BC}})<ref name="AFC" /> was king of the Sumerian city-state of Umma and husband of queen Bara-irnun. He was the son of Il, and his reign lasted at least 4 years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sallaberger |first=Walther |url=https://www.assyriologie.uni-muenchen.de/personen/professoren/sallaberger/publ_sallaberger/wasa_schrakamp_2015_arcane1.pdf |title=Arcane III |last2=Schrakamp |first2=Ingo |publisher=BREPOLS |year=2015 |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> He is particularly known from a gold votive plate by his queen, in which she describes her genealogy in great detail.<ref name="AFC"/> The inscription on the plate reads:
{{blockquote|For (the god) Shara, lord of the E-mah: when Bara-irnun - wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma - had made Shara resplendent and had built him a holy throne, for her life, to Shara, in the E-Mah, she offered (this ornament)."|Inscription of Bara-Irnum<ref>{{cite book |title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus |date=2003 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-043-1 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=PA78 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Ariane |last2=Potts |first2=Timothy |title=Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins |date=2020 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-649-2 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108 |language=en}}</ref>}}
The original royal line of Umma consisted in the filiation of Enakalle (possibly son of Ush) and his own son Ur-Lumma.<ref name="JJG"/><ref name="FTD"/> When Ur-Lumma died, presumably without a son but certainly with a daughter named Bara-irnum, the throne was handed over to Il, son of Eanandu (who had no regnal title) and grandson (or nephew) of Enakalle.<ref name="FTD"/><ref name="JJG">{{cite book |last1=Glassner |first1=Jean-Jacques |last2=Foster |first2=Benjamin Benjamin Read |title=Mesopotamian Chronicles |date=2005 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-13084-5 |pages=104–105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gUNVtrlr28C&pg=PA105 |language=en}}</ref> King Il was then succeeded by his own son Gishakidu.<ref name="FTD"/> Bara-irnum married her cousin Gishakidu, thus re-uniting both stands of the royal family by a marital alliance.<ref name="FTD"/><ref name="JJG"/>
Gishakidu is also known from a dedicatory inscription on a cylinder:
{{blockquote|When Shara spoke to Enlil, the prayers gathered in his heart, and when he approached him, Gishakidu, the beloved shepherd of Shara, the one born .... a warrior Prince, the fear-inspiring leader of Sumer, who has no rival in all the foreign lands, the en-priest attached to the side of Ninura, counseled by Enki as by his own mother, the beloved friend of Ishtaran, the mighty governor of Enlil, the king selected by Inanna, at that time he constructed this boundary dyke.|Cylinder inscription of Gishakidu, MS 2426<ref>{{cite web |title=MS 2426 - The Schoyen Collection |url=https://www.schoyencollection.com/history-collection-introduction/sumerian-history-collection/gishshag-kidug-umma-ms-2426 |website=www.schoyencollection.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>Photograph and transliteration: {{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P247677 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}</ref>}}
A foundation inscription in his name is also known.<ref>{{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P254014 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}</ref>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="4"> File:Votive plaque of a beard-IMG 6857.JPG|Votive plate of Queen Bara-irnun of Umma, "wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma", to God Shara, in gratitude for sparing her life.<ref name="AFC">{{cite book|title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|date=2003|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-1-58839-043-1|page=78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=PA78|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Ariane|last2=Potts|first2=Timothy|title=Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins|date=2020|publisher=Getty Publications|isbn=978-1-60606-649-2|page=108|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108|language=en}}</ref> Louvre Museum.<ref name="FTD">{{cite journal|last1=Thureau-Dangin|first1=F.|title=Une tablette en or provenant d'Umma|journal=Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale|date=1937|volume=34|issue=4|pages=177–182|jstor=23284119|issn=0373-6032}}</ref> File:Gishakidu (name).jpg|Name of Gishakidu on the plaque (second column), and standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform ({{cuneiform|𒄑𒊮𒆠𒄭}} ''giš-ša<sub>10</sub>-ki-du<sub>10</sub>'') File:Gishakidu vase.jpg|The Gishakidu macehead, British Museum </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:25th-century BC Sumerian kings Category:24th-century BC Sumerian kings Category:Kings of Umma Category:3rd-millennium BC births Category:3rd-millennium BC deaths