{{Short description|Italian cardinal (born 1935)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Giovanni Lajolo | title = [[President of the Governorate of Vatican City State|President Emeritus of the Governorate of Vatican City State]] | image = Card. Giovanni Lajolo.jpg | caption = Portrait of Lajolo | alt = | church = | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = 15 September 2006 | term = | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 1 October 2011 | predecessor = [[Edmund Szoka]] | opposed = | successor = [[Giuseppe Bertello]] | other_post = Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio "[[pro hac vice]]" <!---------- Orders ---------->| ordination = 29 April 1960 | ordained_by = [[Ugo Poletti]] | consecration = 6 January 1989 | consecrated_by = [[Pope John Paul II]] | cardinal = 24 November 2007 | created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI]] | rank = Cardinal-Deacon (2007–18)<br>Cardinal-Priest (from 2018) <!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name = Giovanni Lajolo | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1935|01|03|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Novara]], [[Italy]] | death_date = | death_place = | buried = | nationality = [[Italian People|Italian]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | residence = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Archbishop of Caesariana (1988–2007)|Secretary of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (1988–1995)|[[Apostolic Nunciature to Germany|Apostolic Nuncio to Germany]] (1995–2003)|Secretary (Relations with States) of the Secretariat of State (2003–2006)|President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (2006–2011)}} | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Pontifical Roman Seminary]]|[[Pontifical Gregorian University]]|[[LMU Munich]]|[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]}} | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Giovanni Lajolo.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = | other = }}{{Infobox cardinal styles | cardinal name = Giovanni Lajolo | dipstyle = His Eminence | offstyle = Your Eminence | relstyle = | deathstyle = | see = [[Mauretania Caesariensis|Caesariana]] | image = Coat of arms of Giovanni Lajolo.svg }} '''Giovanni Lajolo''' (born 3 January 1935) is an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] and former [[president of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] and president of the Governorate of [[Vatican City State]].
==Early life and ordination== Giovanni Lajolo was born on 3 January 1935 in [[Novara]], Italy. He studied at the [[Seminary]] of [[Novara]], the [[Pontifical Roman Seminary]], and the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] where he earned a [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]] in philosophy in 1955 and a [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]] in [[theology]] in 1959. He was ordained a priest on 29 April 1960.<ref name="bio"/> He entered [[LMU Munich]] where he studied for a doctorate in [[canon law]] which he was awarded in 1965. Then, in 1965, he entered the elite [[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]] to study diplomacy, leaving in 1968.
==Secretariat of State== He entered the service of the Secretariat of State in 1970. He worked in the [[nunciature]] in [[Germany]], collaborating with [[Corrado Bafile]], future cardinal, from 1970 to November 1974. He was a staff member of the Council for Public Affairs of the Church from November 1974. He was named counsellor of nunciature on 1 January 1983. He closely followed the negotiations that led to the signing, in 1984, of the revision of the [[concordat]] between [[Italy]] and [[Holy See]].
==Bishop== On 3 October 1988, Lajolo was appointed [[Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See|Secretary of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of [[Mauretania Caesariensis|Caesariana]]<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d3c28.html Caesariana (Titular See)- Catholic Hierarchy]</ref> by [[Pope John Paul II]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholicism)|episcopal consecration]] on 6 January 1989 from John Paul, with archbishops [[Edward Idris Cassidy]] and [[José Tomás Sánchez]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. Lajolo was named [[Apostolic Nunciature to Germany|Nuncio to Germany]] on 7 December 1995, and [[Secretary for Relations with States]] on 7 October 2003. As Secretary, he served as the [[foreign minister]] of the [[Holy See|Vatican]].
==Secretary for Relations with States== He served as the [[Secretary for Relations with States]] in the [[Secretariat of State (Vatican)|Secretariat of State]], or [[foreign minister]] of the [[Holy See]], from 2003 until he was appointed president in 2006.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lajolo_g_en.html|title=Biographical notes|date=13 June 2008|publisher=Holy See|access-date=2009-01-09}}</ref> He speaks Italian, German, English and French.
At a 2004 conference Lajolo said that perfect religious freedom does not exist in any country in the world: "Even in states in which the right to religious freedom is taken very seriously, perfection is missing, often because a concern for church-state separation leads to penalising religious activity in the public sphere." He went on to say that "government and taxation policies may limit the rights of parents to choose a religious education for their children or may penalise the charitable work of the church by not recognising its nonprofit status. Attempts to ban religiously motivated positions from public policy debates are also infringements on religious freedom." Lajolo and other speakers at the conference also voiced concern about the increasing threats to Christians in Iraq and in other countries with a Muslim majority following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0406633.htm |title=Just a moment |access-date=3 December 2004 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041203215434/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0406633.htm |archive-date=3 December 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2005 Lajolo was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]].<ref>[http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161537 quirinale.it]</ref>
==Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State== On 22 June 2006, Lajolo was appointed [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] and of the Governorate of [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. In virtue of these two posts, he is delegated [[Legislature|legislative]] and [[Executive (government)|executive authority]] over the Vatican City by the pope. He was made [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santa Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 24 November 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Presidency/President/index.htm |title=President of the Governorate of Vatican City State |last=Uffici di Presidenza S.C.V. |publisher=Governorate of Vatican City State |access-date=2009-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917081022/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Structure_Governorate/Presidency/President/index.htm |archive-date=17 September 2008 }}</ref>
He submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict when he turned 75 in January 2010. His resignation was accepted on 3 September 2011, with Archbishop [[Giuseppe Bertello]] appointed as his successor as of 1 October 2011.
He was one of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2013|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2013|2013 papal conclave]] that elected [[Pope Francis]].
==Curial work== He was made a member of the [[Congregation for Bishops]], [[Pontifical Council for Culture]], and [[Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See]] (of which he had once been Secretary) on 12 June 2008.<ref name="HS">{{cite web|url=http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/22278.php?index=22278&lang=en|title= Nomina Di Cardinali Membri Dei Dicasteri Della Curia Romana|date=12 June 2008|work=Rinunce e Nomine|publisher=Holy See Press Office|language=it|access-date=2009-01-09}}{{Dead link|date=March 2016}}</ref> On 25 January 2010, he was appointed a member of the [[Apostolic Signatura]], the Church's highest court.<ref>[http://212.77.1.245/news_services/bulletin/news/25033.php?index=25033&po_date=25.01.2010&lang=en#NOMINA%20DEL%20NUNZIO%20APOSTOLICO%20IN%20CAMERUN%20E%20IN%20GUINEA%20EQUATORIALE]{{Dead link|date=March 2016}}</ref> He remained as a member of these bodies until his 80th birthday in 2015.
==Acknowledgements== * [[Order of Duke Trpimir]] (2008)<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeno/2008/3237.htm|title=Odluka o odlikovanju Njegove Ekscelencije Mgr. Giovannia Lajole Redom kneza Trpimira s ogrlicom i Danicom|journal=[[Narodne novine]]|issue=110|year=2008|language=hr}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} {{wikiquote}}
* {{cite web| access-date = 3 December 2017| title= Lajolo Card. Giovanni |publisher= [[Holy See Press Office]] | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lajolo_g.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 19 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919114538/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_lajolo_g.html }} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/blajolo.html Catholic-Hierarchy.org profile] * [https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/holy_see-e.pdf Cardinal Lajolo(2006),''Today's world and the ideology of power''. General Debate of the 61st session of the General Assembly of the United Nations]
{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lajos Kada]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Germany]]|years=7 December 1995 – 7 October 2003}} {{s-aft|after=[[Erwin Josef Ender]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jean-Louis Tauran]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary for Relations with States]]|years=7 October 2003 – 15 September 2006}} {{s-aft|after=[[Dominique Mamberti]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Angelo Felici]]}} {{s-tul|title=[[Caesariana (Numidia)|Titular Archbishop of Cæsariana]]|years=3 October 1988 – 24 November 2007}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yosafat Hovera|Josaphat Oleh Hovera]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lorenzo Antonetti]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See|Secretary of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See]]|years=3 October 1988 – 7 December 1995}} {{s-aft|after=[[Claudio Maria Celli]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jozef Zlatňanský]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe|Secretary of the Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe]]|years=8 June 2004 – 15 September 2006}} {{s-aft|after=[[Dominique François Joseph Mamberti]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Edmund Szoka]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of the Governatorate of Vatican City State]]|years=15 September 2006 – 1 October 2011}} {{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Giuseppe Bertello]]}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]|years=15 September 2006 – 1 October 2011}} {{s-break}} {{s-bef|before=[[Antonio María Javierre Ortas]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Cardinal-Deacon of [[Santa Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio]]|years=24 November 2007 – 19 May 2018}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal-Priest}} {{s-break}} {{s-non|reason=Himself as Cardinal-Deacon}} {{s-ttl|title=Cardinal-Priest 'pro hac vice' of Santa Maria Liberatrice a Monte Testaccio|years=19 May 2018 –}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}}
{{Cardinals created by Benedict XVI}} {{Cardinals of the Catholic Church|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lajolo, Giovanni}} [[Category:1935 births]] [[Category:Presidents of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] [[Category:21st-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Germany]] [[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]] [[Category:Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI]] [[Category:21st-century Italian cardinals]] [[Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops]] [[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Officials of the Roman Curia]] [[Category:LMU Munich alumni]] [[Category:Members of the Apostolic Signatura]] [[Category:Members of the Congregation for Bishops]] [[Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture]] [[Category:People from Novara]] [[Category:Secretaries for Relations with States of the Holy See]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II]] [[Category:Order of Duke Trpimir recipients]]