{{pp-semi|expiry=1 month|reason=Persistent disruptive editing / vandalism|small=no}} {{Short description|Iranian language spoken in Gilan Province, Iran}}{{use dmy dates |date=March 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Gilaki | altname = | nativename = {{lang|glk|گیلٚکی زٚوان}} ({{lang|glk-Latn|Gilɵki Zɵvon}}) | states = Iran, province of Gilan and parts of the province of Mazandaran and Qazvin also Alborz | region = Southwest coast of the Caspian Sea | ethnicity = Gilaks | speakers = {{sigfig|1.610000|2}} million | date = 2023 | ref = <ref>{{e28|glk}}</ref> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Indo-Iranian | fam3 = Iranian | fam4 = Western | fam5 = Northwestern | fam6 = Caspian | dia1 = Western Gilaki | dia2 = Eastern Gilaki | dia3 = Galeshi Gilaki | iso3 = glk | glotto = gila1242 | glottorefname = Gilaki-Rudbari | lingua = 58-AAC-eb | notice = IPA | map = Gilaki Language Location Map.PNG | mapcaption = Areas where Gilaki is spoken as the mother tongue | image = 200px | imagecaption = }}

'''Gilaki''' ({{lang|glk|گیلٚکی زٚوان}} {{small|romanized:}} {{lang|glk-Latn|Gilaki Zavan}}) is an Iranian language belonging to the Caspian group of the North-western branch, spoken in south & West of the Caspian Sea by Gilak people. Gilaki is closely related to Mazandarani.<ref>Dalb, Andrew (1998). ''Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages''. Columbia University Press. p. 226. {{ISBN|0-231-11568-7}}.</ref> The two languages of Gilaki and Mazandarani have similar vocabularies.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:560728/FULLTEXT02.pdf |title=The Gilaki Language |last=Rastorgueva |first=V. S. |translator-first=Ronald M. |translator-last=Lockwood |date=2012 |isbn=978-91-554-8419-4 |publisher=Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis}}{{page needed |date=March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-x | title=GILAN x. LANGUAGES – Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref><ref name="Gilaki">{{Cite web | url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/glk | title=Gilaki}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.language-archives.org/language/glk | title=OLAC resources in and about the Gilaki language}}</ref> The Gilaki and Mazandarani languages (but not other Iranian languages)<ref name="sciencedirect.com" /> share certain typological features with Caucasian languages (specifically Kartvelian languages),<ref name="sciencedirect.com">{{cite journal|title=Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations of Iran|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.021|pmid=16581511|volume=16|issue=7|date=April 2006|journal=Curr. Biol.|pages=668–73 | last1 = Nasidze | first1 = I | last2 = Quinque | first2 = D | last3 = Rahmani | first3 = M | last4 = Alemohamad | first4 = SA | last5 = Stoneking | first5 = M|s2cid=7883334| doi-access = free |bibcode=2006CBio...16..668N }}</ref><ref name="Grolier Incorporated page 294">Academic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294</ref><ref name="D.Stilo pages 137-185">The Tati language group in the sociolinguistic context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia By D.Stilo, pages 137-185</ref> reflecting the history, ethnic identity, and close relatedness to the Caucasus region and Caucasian peoples of the Gilak people and Mazandarani people.

==Classification==

The language is divided into three dialects: Western Gilaki, Eastern Gilaki<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.29171/azu_acku_ds375_bay43_meem38_1367|date=1988|publisher=Afghanistan Centre at Kabul University|doi=10.29171/azu_acku_ds375_bay43_meem38_1367|title=تاریخ بدخشان / تالیف میرزاسنگ محمدبدخشی ؛ باتصحیح و تحشیه منوچهر ستوده}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=ALAMŪT – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/alamut-valley-alborz-northeast-of-qazvin-|access-date=2021-03-28|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and Deylami.<ref>محمود رنجبر، رقیه رادمرد (۱۳۸۲)، بررسی و توصیف گویش گالشی</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">«محمود رنجبر» و «رقیه رادمرد»؛ «بررسی وتوصیف گویش گالشی»؛ نشر گیلکان</ref> The western and eastern dialects are separated by the Sefid River,<ref>[http://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistics/past-research-resources/documentation-and-description/northwest-iranian-project.html Stilo, Don "A Description of the Northwest Iranian Project at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology"]</ref> while Daylami is spoken in the mountains of eastern & western & southern Gilan and western Mazandaran and more.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

There are three main dialects but larger cities in Gilan have slight variations to the way they speak. These "sub-dialects" are Rashti, Rudbari, Some’e Sarai, Lahijani, Langerudi, Rudesari, Bandar Anzali, Fumani, Alamouti and Taleghani.<ref name="Gilaki"/> Progressing to the east, Gilaki gradually blends into Mazandarani. The intermediate dialects of the area between Tonokābon and Kalārdašt serve as a transition between Gilaki and Mazandarani. The differences in forms and vocabulary lead to a low mutual intelligibility with either Gilaki or Mazandarani, and so these dialects should probably be considered a third separate language group of the Caspian area.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilaki | title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica }}</ref> In Mazandaran, Gilaki is spoken in the city of Ramsar and Tonekabon. Although the dialect is influenced by Mazandarani, it is still considered a Gilaki dialect.<ref>{{Cite book|title=خائفی، عباس (۱۳۹۵). "بررسي ماضي نقلي در گويش هاي حاشيه درياي خزر". گردهمايي انجمن ترويج زبان و ادب فارسي ايران. ۱۱: ۲۰.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ویکی|first=پارسی|title=معنی گیلکی|url=https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/472064/گیلکی|access-date=2021-03-28|website=پارسی ویکی|language=fa}}</ref>

Furthermore, the eastern Gilaki dialect is spoken throughout the valley of the Chalus river.<ref name=calus>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/calus |title=ČĀLŪS |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref>

In Qazvin province, Gilaki is spoken in northern parts of the province, in Alamut.<ref>{{cite web |title=روزنامه ولایت قزوین - استان قزوین؛ گنجینه زبان‌های ایرانی |url=http://velaiatnews.com/?type=dynamic&lang=1&id=40835}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/alamut-valley-alborz-northeast-of-qazvin- |title=ALAMŪT |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref>

==Grammar== Gilaki, is an inflected and genderless language. It is considered SVO, although in sentences employing certain tenses the order may be SOV.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB1UWaDMCKcC&q=mazanderani&pg=PA310 |title = Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects|isbn = 9783447052764|last1 = Johanson|first1 = Lars|last2 = Bulut|first2 = Christiane|year = 2006| publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag }}</ref>

== Dispersion == thumb|right|Map depicting areas where the various dialects of Gilaki are spoken Gilaki is the language of the majority of people in Gilan province and also a native and well-known language in Mazandaran, Qazvin and Alborz provinces. Gilaki is spoken in different regions with different dialects and accents.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Stateless Nations and the European Union|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137008206.0011|work=Stateless Nations|year=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|doi=10.1057/9781137008206.0011|isbn=978-1-137-00820-6|access-date=2021-03-27|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huyse|first=Philip|date=2002-05-15|title=Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2000, IX + 106 p., 1 carte.|journal=Abstracta Iranica|volume=23|doi=10.4000/abstractairanica.35151|issn=0240-8910|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-vi-iranian-languages-and-scripts|access-date=2021-03-27|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=شماره کتابشناسی ملی:۲۸۷۹۶۷۷/طرح بررسی و سنجش شاخص‌های فرهنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص‌های غیرثبتی){گزارش}:استان گیلان/به سفارش شورای فرهنگ عمومی کشور؛ مدیر طرح و مسئول سیاست گذاری:منصور واعظی؛ اجرا:شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس -شابک:۱-۶۰-۶۶۲۷-۶۰۰-۹۷۸ *وضعیت نشر:تهران-موسسه انتشارات کتاب نشر ۱۳۹۱ *وضعیت ظاهری:۲۸۵ ص:جدول (بخش رنگی)، نمودار (بخش رنگی)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=طرح بررسی و سنجش شاخص‌های فرهنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص‌های غیرثبتی){گزارش}:استان قزوین/به سفارش شورای فرهنگ عمومی کشور؛ مدیر طرح و مسئول سیاست گذاری:منصور واعظی؛ اجرا:شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس -شابک:۳-۵۳-۶۶۲۷-۶۰۰-۹۷۸ *وضعیت نشر:تهران-موسسه انتشارات کتاب نشر ۱۳۹۱ *وضعیت ظاهری:۲۶۸ ص:جدول (بخش رنگی)، نمودار (بخش رنگی)}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/alborz-geography|access-date=2021-03-28|website=iranicaonline.org|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=ریاحی /|first=وحید|title=دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی|url=https://rch.ac.ir/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی|language=Persian|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112223703/https://rch.ac.ir/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=شهرداری چالوس|url=http://www.chalouscity.ir/fa-IR/DouranPortal/4640/page/-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3#_ftnref1|access-date=2021-03-28|website=www.chalouscity.ir}}</ref> The number of Gilaki speakers is estimated at 1.6 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gilaki|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/glk/|access-date=2026-05-17|website=Ethnologue|language=en}}</ref>

==Phonology== Gilaki has the same consonants as Persian, but different vowels. Here is a table of correspondences for the Western Gilaki of Rasht, which will be the variety used in the remainder of the article:

{| class="wikitable" ! Gilaki || Persian || Example (Gilaki) |- | {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|e}} || {{IPA|ki.tab}} |- | {{IPA|e(ː)}} || {{IPA|iː}}, {{IPA|eː}}/{{IPA|ei}} || {{IPA|seb}} |- | {{IPA|ɛ(œ)}} || {{IPA|e}} || {{IPA|iɛrɛ}} |- | {{IPA|ə}} || {{IPA|æ}}, {{IPA|e}} || {{IPA|mən}} |- | {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|aː}} || {{IPA|lag}} |- | {{IPA|ä}} || {{IPA|æ}} || {{IPA|zäy}} |- | {{IPA|ɒ}} <small>(perhaps allophonic)</small>|| {{IPA|aː}} || {{IPA|lɒ.nə}} |- | {{IPA|o}} || {{IPA|uː}}, {{IPA|oː}}/{{IPA|ɔ}} || {{IPA|d͡ʒoɾ}} |- | {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|o}}/{{IPA|uː}} || {{IPA|ɡul}} |- | {{IPA|ü}} || {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|tüm}} |} There are nine vowel phonemes in the Gilaki language: {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center ! !Front !Central !Back |-align=center !Close |{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}} | |{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}} |-align=center !Mid |{{IPA link|e}} |{{IPA link|ə}} |{{IPA link|o}} |-align=center !Open |{{IPA link|a}} | |{{IPA link|ɒ}} |}

The consonants are:

{|class=wikitable |+Gilaki Consonants |- ! colspan="2" | !align=center|Labial !align=center|Alveolar !align=center|Post-alveolar !align=center|Velar !align=center|Uvular !align=center|Glottal |- ! rowspan="2" |Stop !<small>voiceless</small> | align="center" |{{IPA link|p}} |align=center|{{IPA link|t}} |align=center|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} |align=center|{{IPA link|k}} | |align=center|{{IPA link|ʔ}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |align=center|{{IPA link|b}} |align=center|{{IPA link|d}} |align=center|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} |align=center|{{IPA link|ɡ}} | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> | align="center" |{{IPA link|f}} |align=center|{{IPA link|s}} |align=center|{{IPA link|ʃ}} |colspan="2" align=center|{{IPA link|x}} ~ {{IPA link|χ}} |align=center|{{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |align=center|{{IPA link|v}} |align=center|{{IPA link|z}} |align=center|{{IPA link|ʒ}} |colspan="2" align=center|{{IPA link|ɣ}} ~ {{IPA link|ʁ}} | |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |align=center|{{IPA link|m}} |align=center|{{IPA link|n}} | |align=center|{{IPA link|ŋ}} | | |- ! colspan="2" |Liquid | |align=center|{{IPA link|l}}, {{IPA link|ɾ}} ~ {{IPA link|r}} | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Glide | | |align=center|{{IPA link|j}} | | | |}

==Verb system==

The verb system of Gilaki is very similar to that of Persian. All '''infinitives''' end in ''-tən/-dən'', or in ''-V:n'', where V: is a long vowel (from contraction of an original ''*-Vdən''). The '''present stem''' is usually related to the infinitive, and the '''past stem''' is just the infinitive without ''-ən'' or ''-n'' (in the case of vowel stems).

===Present tenses=== From the infinitive ''dín'', "to see", we get present stem ''din-''.

====Present indicative==== The '''present indicative''' is formed by adding the personal endings to this stem:

{| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |dinəm || diním(i) |- |diní || diníd(i) |- |diné || diníd(i) |}

====Present subjunctive==== The '''present subjunctive''' is formed with the prefix ''bí-'', ''bú-'', or ''bə-'' (depending on the vowel in the stem) added to the indicative forms. Final /e/ neutralizes to /ə/ in the 3rd singular and the plural invariably lacks final /i/.

{| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |bídinəm || bídinim |- |bídini || bídinid |- |bídinə || bídinid |}

The '''negative''' of both the indicative and the subjunctive is formed in the same way, with ''n-'' instead of the ''b-'' of the subjunctive.

===Past tenses===

====Preterite==== From ''xurdən'', "to eat", we get the perfect stem ''xurd''. To this are added unaccented personal endings and the unaccented ''b-'' prefix (or accented ''n-'' for the negative):

{| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |buxúrdəm || buxúrdim(i) |- |buxúrdi || buxúrdid(i) |- |buxúrdə || buxúrdid(i) |}

====Imperfect==== The '''imperfect''' is formed with what was originally a suffix ''-i'':

{| class="wikitable" |- |xúrdim || xúrdim(i) |- |xúrdi || xúrdid(i) |- |xúrdi || xúrdid(i) |}

====Pluperfect==== The '''pluperfect''' is paraphrastically formed with the verb ''bon'', "to be", and the '''past participle''', which is in turn formed with the '''perfect stem+ə''' (which can assimilate to become ''i'' or ''u''). The accent can fall on the last syllable of the participle or on the stem itself:

{| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |buxurdə bum || buxurdə bim |- |buxurdə bi || buxurdə bid |- |buxurdə bu || buxurdə bid |}

====Past subjunctive==== A curious innovation of Western Gilaki is the '''past subjunctive''', which is formed with the (artificial) '''imperfect of ''bon''+past participle''':

{| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |bidé bim || bidé bim |- |bidé bi || bidé bid |- |bidé be/bi || bidé bid |}

This form is often found in the protasis and apodosis of unreal conditions, e.g., ''mən agə Əkbəra bidé bim, xušhal bubosti bim,'' "If I were to see/saw/had seen Akbar, I would be happy".

===Progressive=== There are two very common paraphrastic constructions for the '''present and past progressives'''. From the infinitive ''šon'', "to go", we get:

====Present progressive==== {| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |šón darəm || šón darim |- |šón dari || šón darid |- |šón darə|| šón darid |}

====Past progressive==== {| class="wikitable" ! Singular || Plural |- |šón də/du bum || šón də/di bim |- |šón də/di bi|| šón də/di bid |- |šón də/du bu|| šón də/di bid |}

===Compound verbs=== There are many '''compound verbs''' in Gilaki, whose forms differ slightly from simple verbs. Most notably, ''bV-'' is never prefixed onto the stem, and the '''negative prefix''' ''nV-'' can act like an '''infix''' ''-n-'', coming between the prefix and the stem. So from ''fagiftən'', "to get", we get '''present indicative''' ''fagirəm'', but '''present subjunctive''' ''fágirəm'', and the negative of both, ''faángirəm'' or ''fanígirəm''. The same applies to the negative of the '''past tenses''': ''fángiftəm'' or ''fanígiftəm''.

==Nouns, cases and postpositions== Gilaki employs a combination of '''quasi-case endings''' and '''postpositions''' to do the work of many particles and prepositions in English and Persian.

===Cases=== There are essentially three "cases" in Gilaki, the '''nominative''' (or, better, unmarked, as it can serve other grammatical functions), the '''genitive''', and the (definite) '''accusative'''. The accusative form is often used to express the simple indirect object in addition to the direct object. A noun in the genitive comes before the word it modifies. These "cases" are in origin actually just particles, similar to Persian ''ra''.

====Nouns==== For the word "per", father, we have:

{| class="wikitable" ! || Singular || Plural |- |Nom || per || perán |- |Acc || pera || perána |- |Gen || perə || peránə |}

The genitive can change to ''-i'', especially before some postpositions.

====Pronouns==== The 1st and 2nd person pronouns have special forms:

{| class="wikitable" ! || Singular || Plural |- |Nom || mən || amán |- |Acc || məra || amána |- |Gen || mi || amí |}

{| class="wikitable" ! || Singular || Plural |- |Nom || tu || šumán |- |Acc || təra || šumána |- |Gen || ti || šimí |}

The 3rd person (demonstrative) pronouns are regular: /un/, /u.ˈʃan/, /i.ˈʃan/

===Postpositions=== With the '''genitive''' can be combined many '''postpositions'''. Examples:

{| class="wikitable" ! Gilaki || English |- |re || for |- |həmra/əmra || with |- |ĵa || from, than (in comparisons) |- |mian || in |- |ĵor || above |- |ĵir || under |- |ru || on top of |}

The personal pronouns have special forms with "-re": mere, tere, etc.

==Adjectives== Gilaki '''adjectives''' come before the noun they modify, and may have the '''genitive''' "case ending" ''-ə/-i''. They do not agree with the nouns they modify.

*Example for adjectival modification: Western Gilaki: ''pilla-yi zakan'' ("big children"), ''Surx gul'' ("red flower"). Eastern Gilaki: ''Sərd ow'' ("cold water"'', ɑb-e særd'' in Persian), ''kul čaqu'' ("dull knife"'', čaqu-ye kond'' in Persian).

===Possessive constructions===

*Examples for possessive constructions of nouns in Western Gilaki: ''Məhine zakan'' ("Mæhin's children"'', Bæčeha-ye Mæhin'' in Persian), ''Baγi gulan'' ("garden flowers"'', Golha-ye baγ'' in Persian). In Eastern Gilaki: ''Xirsi kuti'' ("bear cub"'', Bæč-e xers'' in Persian).

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == * {{cite book |last=Christensen |first=Arthur Emanuel |year=1930 |chapter=Dialect Guiläkī de Recht |trans-chapter=The Gilaki dialect of Rasht |title=Contributions à la dialectologie iranienne |series=Kgl. danske videnskabernes selskab. Historisk-filologiske meddelelser |volume=17 |issue=2 |url=https://www.royalacademy.dk/Publications/High/543_Christensen,%20Arthur.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109024811/https://www.royalacademy.dk/Publications/Low/543_Christensen,%20Arthur.pdf |archive-date=2024-01-09}} (translated into Persian 1995) * {{cite thesis |last=Purriyahi |first=Masud |year=1971 |title=Barresi-ye dastur-e guyesh-e Gilaki-ye Rasht |trans-title=A Grammatical Study of the Gilaki dialect of Rasht |type=Dissertation |publisher=Tehran University}} * {{cite book |last=Sartippur |first=Jahangir |year=1990 |title=Vižegihā-ye Dasturi va Farhang-e vāžehā-ye Gilaki |trans-title=Grammatical Characteristics and Glossary of Gilaki |location=Rasht |publisher=Nashr-e Gilakan}} * {{cite journal |last=Shokri |first=Giti |year=1998 |script-title=fa: ماضی نقلی در گویش های مازندران و گیلان |title=Māzi-ye Naqli dar Guyeshhā-ye Gilaki va Mazandarāni |trans-title=The Present Perfect Tense in the Dialects of Mazandaran and Gilan |journal=Nāme-ye Farhangestān |volume=4 |issue=16 |pages=59–69 |url=https://www.sid.ir/paper/88061/en}} * {{cite book |last1=Rastorgueva |first1=V. S. |last2=Kerimova |first2=A. A. |last3=Mamedzade |first3=A. K. |last4=Pireiko |first4=L. A. |last5=Edel’man |first5=D. I. |translator-last=Lockwood |translator-first=Ronald M. |year=2012 |url=http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:560728/FULLTEXT02 |title=The Gilaki Language |location=Uppsala |series=Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis |volume=19 |publisher=Uppsala Universitet |isbn=978-91-554-8419-4}}

==External links== {{InterWiki|code=glk}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120831133337/http://www.sid.ir/En/index.asp Scientific Information Database of the Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research] *[http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08110 Sample recording in Gilaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326230531/http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08110 |date=26 March 2010 }} *[http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Guyish-I_Gilaki-I_Lahijan-Vazhahnamah_Va_Parahi_Vizhagiha-Yi_avayi_Va/4872978552/ Dictionary of Gilaki (Dialect of Lahijan) and some of its characteristics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214115121/https://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Guyish-I_Gilaki-I_Lahijan-Vazhahnamah_Va_Parahi_Vizhagiha-Yi_avayi_Va/4872978552/ |date=14 February 2025 }} *Open access recordings of a Gilaki song and basic word list are available through Kaipuleohone

{{Languages of Iran}} {{Iranian languages}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilaki Language}} Category:Northwestern Iranian languages Category:Languages of Iran Category:Caspian languages