{{Short description|Russian-Ukrainian businessman}} {{COI|date=December 2016}} {{Distinguish|Baron Ungern von Sternberg}} {{Family name hatnote|Borisovich|Khan|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = German Khan | image = German Khan, February 2010.jpeg | native_name = {{nobold|Герман Хан}} | native_name_lang = ru | alt = | caption = Khan in 2010 | birth_name = German Borisovich Khan | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|10|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kyiv, Ukraine]], [[USSR]] | other_names = | citizenship = [[Russia]]n, [[Israelis|Israeli]]<ref name="deadmagazine" /> | alma_mater = [[Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys]] | occupation = Entrepreneur, business executive, philanthropist | known_for = Co-founding [[Alfa Group]], [[LetterOne]], and [[L1 Energy]] | relatives = [[Alex Van der Zwaan]] (son-in-law) | website = https://germankhan.online/ }}
'''German Borisovich Khan''' ({{langx|ru|Герман Борисович Хан}}; born 24 October 1961) is a [[Ukrainian people|Ukrainian]]-[[Israel|Israeli]]-[[Russian oligarch]], [[billionaire]], and businessman.<ref name="wfobesworld's" /><ref name="hboardkhan" /> After graduating from university in 1988 he worked in a wholesale business selling consumer items,<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> before setting up his own cooperative.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> He was then appointed the head of the wholesale trade business [[Alfa Group|Alfa Eco]] as part of the Alfa Group Consortium, by his college friend [[Mikhail Fridman]].<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /><ref name="profilered" /> [[Alfa Group]], which he also shares with another fellow billionaire and college peer, [[Alexei Kuzmichev]], is the biggest financial and industrial investment group in Russia. He became president of Alfa Eco in 1996<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> and was instrumental in directing the company to focus on export and the oil trade.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> When Alfa bought Tyumen Oil (TNK) in 1997, he joined the board of directors.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> He was deputy chairman of [[Orenburg|TNK Oil Company]]<ref name="qrusalpha" /> from 1997 until 2003.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> In 2003, Khan worked with the other TNK owners to form a 50–50 joint venture with [[BP]],<ref name="bthatneverwas" /> in what was the largest foreign investment in Russia to date,<ref name="moscouwtimesearly" /> at US$8 billion.<ref name="buyback8m" />
TNK-BP became Russia's third largest oil company.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> In 2013 TNK-BP was sold to [[Rosneft]]<ref name="hboardandchairman" /> for US$56 billion,<ref name="rosneft" /> a sale described by ''[[Reuters]]'' as "one of the biggest energy [[takeover]]s in history."<ref name="ireuters" /> Khan joined [[Mikhail Fridman]] in establishing [[LetterOne]], based in [[Luxembourg]], for the purpose of investing some of the proceeds from the TNK-BP sale in international projects.<ref name="letterone" /><ref name="fbillionmerger" /><ref name="developingportfolio" /> LetterOne's [[L1 Energy]] fund was founded in 2013.<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /><ref name="alfabillionaireslaunch" /> Khan has donated funds to non-profits such as the [[European Jewish Fund]],<ref name="jewishworld" /> and co-founded and supports the [[Genesis Philanthropy Group]].<ref name="nytiemesmillions" />
==Early life and education== German Borisovich Khan was born on 24 October 1961 in [[Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]].<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> The son of [[History of the Jews in Ukraine|Ukrainian Jewish]] parents from [[Lviv]],<ref name="rbrussia" /> his father was a [[metallurgy]] professor.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> Khan had a keen interest in sports at a young age, and during high school he developed a long-term interest in boxing,<ref name="deadmagazine" /><ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> citing the sport as an influence on building confidence and self-discipline.<ref name="wardhowell" /> Khan graduated from high school in 1978 and subsequently worked for a year as an apprentice on a shop floor of a factory. He then studied mechanical engineering<ref name="deadmagazine" /> at the [[List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Kyiv|Kyiv-Pedagogical College]], graduating in 1982.<ref name="poetek" /> 1983 he enrolled in the [[Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys]] (MISIS),<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> where he specialised in the study of steel production.<ref name="deadmagazine" /><ref name="rbrussia" /> After graduating from college in 1988, Khan operated small businesses<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> such as the clothing cooperative "Alexandrina" he founded with a partner, where he served as deputy chairman and handled supply chain and sales before its sale in 1990.<ref name="deadmagazine" />
==Career==
===Alfa-Eco and TNK (1989–1990s)=== {{See also|Alfa Group}} After a chance meeting with businessman [[Mikhail Fridman]],<ref name="deadmagazine" /> who had also been a student at MISIS,<ref name="deadmagazine" /> Khan was asked to head-up a wholesale trade business [[Alfa Group|Alfa Eco]] as part of a wider company, Alfa Group Consortium.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /><ref name="profilered" /> The company began by buying and selling a range of products<ref name="profilered" /><ref name="hboardandchairman" /> including the purchase, upholstery and sale of carpets<ref name="profilered" /> to domestic and then later, export markets.<ref name="hboardandchairman" /> Khan took on a number of managerial positions within the company as it expanded into new areas, including head of the wholesale trade department, then head of the export department.<ref name="neftegazru.com">{{Cite web|url=https://neftegazru.com/persons/441650-Khan-German/|title=Khan German Borissovich - photo, bio. NeftegazRU.com Person|website=neftegazru.com}}</ref><ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> Currently under the umbrella company Alfa Group Consortium,<ref name="fexecutive" /> other divisions now include Alfa Capital Management, [[Rosvodokanal]] Group, AlfaStrakhovanie Group and A1 Group.<ref name="profilered" /> It also holds interests in the telecommunications company Vimpelcom and Russia's biggest food retailer, X5 Group.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
Khan held a number of managerial positions at Alfa Group starting in 1992. With Alfa-Eco restructured as the trading arm of the Alfa Group, Khan was Alfa-Eco's head of trade operations until 1996<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> and its director of commodity trading from 1995 to 1998.<ref name="fexecutive" /> He became president in 1996, where for his two-year tenure<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> he was instrumental in directing the company to focus on export and the oil trade. The company started by purchasing crude, securing contracts with refiners to process it, and then selling the refined product.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> In 1997, Alfa Group Consortium together with [[Access Industries]] and [[Renova Group]]<ref name="hboardandchairman" /> acquired the state-owned [[Orenburg|TNK Oil Company]]<ref name="qrusalpha" /> (Tyumen Oil Company).<ref name="fexecutive" /> Alfa Group purchased 40% of TNK's shares.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> When Alfa bought Tyumen Oil (TNK), he joined the board and remained involved in [[M&A]] deals.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> Khan was appointed deputy chairman of the management board of TNK in 2000,<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> retaining the role until 2003.<ref name="fexecutive" />
===TNK-BP leadership (2003–2013)=== {{See also|TNK-BP}} In 2003, Alfa Group sold exactly half of TNK to [[BP]] for US$6.15 billion,<ref name="bthatneverwas" /> in what was the biggest foreign investment in Russia to date<ref name="moscouwtimesearly" /> equivalent to $8 billion in invested assets.<ref name="buyback8m" /> The deal resulted in the formation of the oil company [[TNK-BP]],<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> with half of the [[joint venture]] owned by BP, and the other 50 percent owned by the Alfa Group together with billionaire partners [[Viktor Vekselberg]], and [[Len Blavatnik|Leonard Blavatnik]].<ref name="ireuters" /> From 2003 to 2013,<ref name="hboardkhan" /> Khan was executive director of TNK-BP Management<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> (now called TNK-BP Holding),<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /><ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> and a member of the management board.<ref name="hboardkhan" /><ref name="ccbsnews" /><ref name="egermankhanalfa" /> While managing TNK-BP, Khan remained involved with the Alfa Group at large. Alfa Group bought a stake in [[Turkcell]] in 2005, and by April 2007, Alfa Group controlled a 43.5% stake in [[Kyivstar]], a Ukrainian telecom company.<ref name="dshareholderidpuste" />
During Khan's tenure as a TNK-BP executive director,<ref name="egermankhanalfa" /> TNK-BP became Russia's third largest oil company and globally a top ten private oil producer.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> Without a majority stakeholder in the company to dictate choices, by 2008, BP executives were in conflict with AAR over TNK-BP's strategy to internationalise the business.<ref name="jwsjpartner" /> After several ongoing lawsuits, issues between AAR and BP were compounded in 2010, after Khan and Fridman resisted BP's push to do business with the state-owned oil company [[Rosneft]] in Russia,<ref name="ireuters" /> contrary to their shareholder agreement.<ref name="shareholderagreemtn" /> By 2011, Khan's net worth was estimated at $9.6 billion, which placed him at 92 on the ''[[Forbes]]'' billionaires list, also ranking him as the thirteenth wealthiest person in Russia.<ref name="ccbsnews" /> Khan was appointed executive director of TNK-BP Ltd. in January 2011.<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" />
===Founding LetterOne and L1 Energy (2013–2015)=== {{See also|LetterOne}} [[File:German Khan and Lord Browne at L1 Energy.jpg|thumb|right|200px|German Khan and [[L1 Energy]] colleague [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|Lord Browne]] in 2016.]] In July 2012, [[TNK-BP]] was sold to the state-owned [[Rosneft]]<ref name="hboardandchairman" /> for $56 billion,<ref name="rosneft" /> a process which was still underway by early 2013.<ref name="ireuters" /> [[Reuters]] described it as "one of the biggest energy takeovers in history," with the overall deal worth $55 billion.<ref name="ireuters" /> Khan officially left TNK-BP in March 2013 after Alfa Group sold its 50% stake in TNK-BP to Rosneft for $28 billion.<ref name="alfabillionaireslaunch" /><ref name="cashladenhunt" /> Khan earned around $3.3 billion in the deal.<ref name="orichest" /><ref name="pcronies" /> Using the $14 billion raised from selling their stakes in TNK-BP, Khan joined Mickhail Fridman<ref name="fbillionmerger" /><ref name="developingportfolio" /> in establishing [[LetterOne]] (L1),<ref name="alfabillionaireslaunch" /><ref name="cashladenhunt" /> based in [[Luxembourg]],<ref name="letterone" /> for the purpose of investing the proceeds from the sale of TNK-BP in international projects.<ref name="rosneft" /><ref name="letterone" />
LetterOne's [[L1 Energy]] was founded in 2013 with<ref name="alfabillionaireslaunch" /> [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|Lord Browne]], former CEO of [[BP]],<ref name="g2hardhcnaging" /> James Hackett of [[Anadarko Petroleum]] and [[Andrew Gould (businessman)|Andrew Gould]] of [[BG Group|BG]] joining L1 Energy Advisory Board.<ref name="g2hardhcnaging" /> The 2014 downturn in the oil industry and the falling [[ruble]] value in Russia led to Khan losing about 22% of his estimated value in 2014, or about $2.5 billion in one year.<ref name="pcronies" /> By that point, his overall value was estimated at £6.3 billion.<ref name="kphilanthropoist" /> The market afterwards improved, and Alfa Group's assets equaled around $40 billion by March 2015.<ref name="bloombergview" /> On 2 March 2015 [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|Lord Browne]] was appointed chairman of [[L1 Energy]].<ref name="northseaassets" /> L1 Energy officially launched as a company<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> in May 2015 in the [[Neue Galerie New York]]. The company outlined an ambition to acquire and then develop a portfolio of two or three regionally focused platforms around the world.<ref name="developingportfolio" /> On 7 May 2015 [[Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch|Lord Davies]] was appointed deputy non-executive chairman of LetterOne,<ref name="tradeministerdavies" /> and a week later, former [[Swedish Foreign Minister]] [[Carl Bildt]] was appointed as the board's advisor.<ref name="retursarticle" />
===North Sea assets, L1 divisions (2015–2016)=== On 3 March 2015, L1 Energy purchased 100% of [[DEA AG|DEA]],<ref name="letteronecompletes" /> an international exploration and production company<ref name="bloombergview" /> owned by the German utility [[RWE]], for US$7 billion<ref name="northseaassets" /> (€5.1 billion).<ref name="letteronecompletes" /> RWE DEA had total [[natural gas]] production output of 2.6bn cubic metres in 2013.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} The deal was approved by Germany<ref name="bloombergview" /> and seven other national and supranational authorities, including the [[European Union]] and Ukraine.<ref name="northseaassets" /> Despite this, the L1 purchase of RWE DEA was opposed by [[Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change|UK Energy and Climate Change Secretary]] [[Ed Davey]], who "raised concerns" that sanctions<ref name="bloombergview" /> might "force L1 Energy to shut down production in the North Sea, imperiling oil supplies"<ref name="jfinanccialtimesuber" /> and 5% of Britain's North Sea natural gas output.<ref name="govermoetgave" />
DEA sold its [[North Sea oil]] fields<ref name="lookstoavert" /> to [[Ineos]], the chemical company owned by [[Jim Ratcliffe]], for an undisclosed sum in October 2015.<ref name="letteroneonesale" /> At the time, the British government assured LetterOne that the forced sale of DEA's UK assets was "not a judgement on the suitability of LetterOne’s owners to control these or any other assets in the UK."<ref name="ineostargest" /><ref name="overseaotheruk" /> On 14 October 2015, LetterOne Group announced that it had agreed a deal to acquire [[Germany|German]] utility [[E.ON]]'s interests in three producing [[Norway|Norwegian]] fields, all located in the [[Norwegian Continental Shelf]]. Norway's oil minister supported the deal and said that approval would be handled "in the usual way."<ref name="financiatltimesfields" /> As of 2016, Khan retains positions on the supervisory board at both Alfa Group Consortium<ref name="hboardkhan" /> and Alfa Group.<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /><ref name="fexecutive" /> He is also a director at Alfa Finance Holdings SA,<ref name="fexecutive" /> Alfa Bank<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> ABH Holdings S.A.,<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /><ref name="fexecutive" /> LetterOne Holdings S.A.,<ref name="hgbkbloomberg" /> and the supervisory board of<ref name="hboardkhan" /> [[DEA AG|DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG]],<ref name="erodelag" /> which was bought by L1 Energy in 2015.<ref name="neftegazru.com"/> He ranked as the 128th richest person in Europe as of March 2016, with an estimated net value of US$8.7 billion.<ref name="qworth" />
===Sanctions (2022)=== Khan (along with Fridman and Kuzmichev) was sanctioned by the EU and UK in February and March 2022 as part of an extensive package of sanctions against Russian officials and oligarchs imposed in response to the [[2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine]]. Khan stepped down from the LetterOne board in March. In April Alfa Bank was hit with sanctions by the U.S.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/german-khan/?sh=50b10a1f6dbd | title=German Khan | website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1150217/Russia.pdf |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
In June 2025, the EU General Court rejected delisting applications by Alfa-Bank JSC and German Khan, affirming the legality of the criteria used to include them on the EU sanctions list.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KC |first=Maya Lester |date=2025-06-10 |title=EU General court rejects delisting applications by Alfa Bank & German Khan and confirms legality of criterion (g) |url=https://globalsanctions.com/2025/06/eu-general-court-rejects-delisting-applications-by-alfa-bank-german-khan-and-confirms-legality-of-criterion-g/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=Global Sanctions |language=en-US}}</ref>
In January 2025, the UK Court of Appeal dismissed Anzhelika Khan’s appeal attempting to overturn UK sanctions imposed on her in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-24 |title=Wife of Ukrainian-Russian businessman Khan loses UK sanctions appeal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/wife-ukrainian-russian-businessman-khan-loses-uk-sanctions-appeal-2025-01-24/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> The court upheld that her designation on the basis of financial benefit from German Khan and marital association was rationally connected to the sanctions regime’s objectives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Weekly Sanctions Update |url=https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2025/01/uk-weekly-sanctions/uk-weekly-sanctions-update---week-of-january-20-2025 |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=www.mayerbrown.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Philanthropy== [[File:SSH 2639 German Khan at Babi Yar.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Khan (in forefront) at the commemoration of the Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center at [[Babi Yar]], Ukraine in 2016.<ref name="babyyarkilliggs" />]] Khan is an active supporter of the Life Line charitable programme, which provides medicine and surgery for seriously ill children in Russia. Since its founding in 2008, the program claims that 8334 children have been saved as a result of their work.<ref name="donatedmillions" /> Khan is a supporter of Jewish initiatives in Russia and elsewhere in Europe. An active member of the [[Russian Jewish Congress]],<ref name="kphilanthropoist" /><ref name="rjcpdf" /> Khan regularly contributes to the [[European Jewish Fund]], a [[non-profit]] organization aimed at developing European Jewry and promoting tolerance and reconciliation.<ref name="jewishworld" /> Khan along with [[Stan Polovets]], [[Mikhail Fridman]], [[Pyotr Aven]], and [[Alexander Knaster]] founded the [[Genesis Prize|Genesis Philanthropy Group]] in 2011, whose purpose is to develop and enhance Jewish identity among Jews worldwide.<ref name="nytiemesmillions" /><ref name="urlsyadshem" /><ref name="fiddlertotheworld" /> In September 2016, it was announced that he was a member of an initiative to create a [[Holocaust]] memorial at [[Babi Yar]] in Ukraine. The Initiative Group of the Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center also included his long-term colleague Fridman.<ref name="babyyarkilliggs" />
==Legal== In May 2017 Khan, along with fellow [[Alfa-Bank]] owners [[Mikhail Fridman]] and [[Petr Aven]], filed a defamation lawsuit against ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' for publishing the unverified [[Steele dossier]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=Russian Bankers Sue BuzzFeed Over Publication of Unverified Trump Dossier |url=http://www.newsweek.com/alfa-bank-buzzfeed-trump-dossier-616763|access-date=28 May 2017|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=27 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh |title=Russian bank owners sue BuzzFeed over Trump dossier publication|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2017/05/26/trump-dossier-russian-bank-owners-sue-buzzfeed-238876|access-date=28 May 2017|work=[[Politico]]|date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan v. Buzzfeed, Inc. - Summons and Complaint|url=https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000015c-46e1-dd50-abfd-dffd3af20001|date=26 May 2018|access-date=20 August 2018|via=[[Politico]]|format=PDF}}</ref> which alleges financial ties and collusion between [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]], Trump, and the three bank owners.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Geoffrey|title=Here's Why Russian Intelligence Bombshell on Donald Trump Might Be Believable|url=http://fortune.com/2017/01/11/donald-trump-intelligence-russian/|access-date=5 April 2018|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=11 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sommer|first1=Allison Kaplan|title=Controversial Dossier on Trump Alleges That Russia Targets Jewish-American Businessmen|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/leaked-trump-dossier-alleges-that-russia-targets-jewish-americans-1.5484596|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214141121/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/leaked-trump-dossier-alleges-that-russia-targets-jewish-americans-1.5484596|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2018|access-date=5 April 2018|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=11 January 2017}}</ref> In October 2017 Khan, Fridman, and Aven also filed a libel suit against the private-investigation firm [[Fusion GPS]] and its founder [[Glenn R. Simpson|Glenn Simpson]], who had commissioned former [[MI6]] agent [[Christopher Steele]] to compile the dossier, for circulating the dossier among journalists and allowing it to be published.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|title=3 Russians named in Trump dossier sue Fusion GPS for libel |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2017/10/04/trump-dossier-fusion-gps-russians-lawsuit-fridman-aven-khan-243461|access-date=29 March 2018|work=[[Politico]]|date=4 October 2017}}</ref> In April 2018 Khan, Fridman, and Aven filed a libel suit against Steele in the [[Superior Court of the District of Columbia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Polantz|first1=Katelyn|title=3 Russian oligarchs sue Christopher Steele|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/oligarchs-lawsuit-christopher-steele/index.html|access-date=22 April 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=20 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mikhail Fridman, Petr Aven, and German Khan v. Orbis Business Intelligence Limited and Christopher Steele|url=http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/04/20/complaint.from.fridman.against.steele.orbis.in.dc.superior.court.pdf|date=16 April 2018|access-date=20 August 2018|via=[[CNN]]}}</ref> but the suit was [[dismissed with prejudice]] the following August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia's Alfa Bank fails in lawsuit over Steele's Trump dossier|url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/russia-s-alfa-bank-fails-in-lawsuit-over-steele-s-trump-dossier-1303085635995|website=[[MSNBC]]|series=[[The Rachel Maddow Show]]|type=video|date=20 August 2018|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>
Khan is one of many Russian "oligarchs" named in the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]], CAATSA, signed into law by President [[Donald Trump]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report to Congress Pursuant to Section 241 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act of 2017 Regarding Senior Foreign Political Figures and Oligarchs in the Russian Federation and Russian Parastatal Entities|url=https://assets.bwbx.io/documents/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/rJRW6xrdtLJE/v0|date=29 January 2018|format=PDF}}</ref>
==Personal life== Khan has both Russian and Israeli citizenship.<ref name="deadmagazine" /> He and his wife Angelika<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> have five children together, Jakob, Eleanora, Eva and Jake.<ref name="ccbsnews" /><ref name="dkhanbuying" /> and live in London<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> and Moscow.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /><ref name="jewishworld" /><ref name="dkhanbuying" /> In 2010, Khan purchased a home on [[Eaton Square]] in London. Khan remains active with sports, for example participating in endurance, off-road, and rally driving competitions.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /> He enjoys hunting and has a collection of sporting guns and rifles.<ref name="tnkkantheoligarch" /><ref name="dkhanbuying" /> According to [[WikiLeaks]] leaked US diplomatic cables, he was alleged in the past by other businesspeople to have carried handguns to business meetings in Russia.<ref name="wikileaksknown" /> Khan also owns a villa in [[Monte Argentario]], a coastal area in [[Tuscany]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-26 |title=Il miliardario russo dona 50.000 euro |url=http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/grosseto/cronaca/2015/06/25/news/il-miliardario-russo-dona-50-000-euro-1.11676546 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Il Tirreno |language=it-IT}}</ref>
Khan is the father-in-law of [[Alex van der Zwaan]] who, on 20 February 2018, pleaded guilty to charges raised by the [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–present)|investigation]] into [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Mueller-Charges-Son-in-Law-of-Russian-Oligarch-Alex-van-der-Zwaan-474579893.html|title=Mueller Charges Son-in-Law of Russian Oligarch for Allegedly Lying About Communications With Gates|publisher=NBC New York|date=20 February 2018|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Van der Zwaan was charged with lying to the [[FBI]] about his contacts with [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], and pleaded guilty to one count of making a false statement to investigators.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hsu|first1=Spencer S.|last2=Helderman|first2=Rosalind S.|title=In Mueller probe, son-in-law of Russian businessman pleads guilty to false statements|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mueller-probe-london-based-son-of-russian-businessman-to-plead-guilty-to-false-statements/2018/02/20/142f4d2e-164b-11e8-b681-2d4d462a1921_story.html|access-date=21 February 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=20 February 2018}}</ref> On 3 April 2018, he was sentenced to 30 days in prison and fined $20,000.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/04/03/lawyer-connected-russia-election-interference-investigation-receives-30-day-sentence/481359002/ |title=Lawyer connected to Russia election interference investigation receives 30-day sentence |last=Johnson |first=Kevin |date=3 April 2018 |work=USA TODAY |access-date=4 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/03/us/alex-van-der-zwaan-sentencing-russia-investigation-mueller.html |title=Ex-Skadden Lawyer Is Sentenced to 30 Days in Russia Inquiry |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |date=3 April 2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 April 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Russia|Business|Biography}} * [[List of Russian billionaires]] * [[List of Russian people by net worth]] * [[Russian oligarchs]] * [[History of the Jews in Ukraine]] * [[Energy in Russia]]
==References== {{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="shareholderagreemtn">{{cite news | title = BP, Rosneft Announce Historic Share-Swap Deal, Joint Arctic Exploration Alliance | url = https://www.ihs.com/country-industry-forecasting.html?ID=1065928675 | publisher = IHS Markit | date = 17 January 2011 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="jwsjpartner">{{cite news | title =TNK-BP Russian Partner Relishes Conflict | first =Gregory | last =White | url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203503204577036000854767804 | newspaper =[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date =14 November 2011 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="dshareholderidpuste">{{cite news | title =Shareholder dispute could drive Kyivstar into technical default | url =http://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/business/shareholder-dispute-could-drive-kyivstar-into-tech-26465.html | newspaper =[[Kyiv Post]] | date =11 April 2007 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="egermankhanalfa">{{cite news | title =German Khan | url =http://www.alfagroup.org/about-us/supervisory-board/member/german-khan/ | publisher =Alfa Group | access-date =2016-11-10 | archive-date =1 September 2014 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140901212045/http://www.alfagroup.org/about-us/supervisory-board/member/german-khan/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> <ref name="ireuters">{{cite news | title =Insight: UK court reveals fear and mistrust at TNK-BP | first =Andrew | last =Callus | url =https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tnk-bp-lazurenko-court-idUSBRE8B30XS20121204 | newspaper =[[Reuters]] | date =4 December 2012 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="buyback8m">{{cite news | title =BP to buy back $8 billion of shares, returning its 2003 investment in TNK-BP to shareholders | url = https://www.ihs.com/country-industry-forecasting.html?ID=1065928675 | publisher = [[BP]] | date = 22 March 2013 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="bthatneverwas">{{cite news | title =BP, Russian billionaires, and the Kremlin: a Power Triangle that never was | first =Shamil | last =Yenikeyeff | url =http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/BP-Russian-billionaires-and-the-Kremlin.pdf | publisher =[[Oxford|The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]] | date =23 November 2011 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref> <ref name="moscouwtimesearly">{{cite news | title =Mikhail Fridman – Profile | url =http://www.themoscowtimes.com/mt_profile/mikhail_fridman/433919.html | newspaper = [[The Moscow Times]] | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="qworth">{{cite news | title =Richest People in Europe | first =Deniz | last =Cam | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2016/03/03/richest-people-in-europe/#44aed8411498 | newspaper =[[Forbes]] | date =3 March 2016 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="wfobesworld's">{{cite news | title =Forbes World's Richest People | url =https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=GMUC&datatype=Person | archive-url =https://archive.today/20060514123951/http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=GMUC&datatype=Person | url-status =dead | archive-date =14 May 2006 | newspaper =[[Forbes]] | date =October 2004 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref> <ref name="hboardkhan">{{cite news | title =One of the original founders of Letterone, Mr Khan is a member of the Board of Directors of the L1 Holdings and L1 Investment Holdings. | url =http://www.letterone.com/about-us/leadership-and-governance/board-members/german-khan | publisher =[[LetterOne]] | access-date =2016-03-11 | archive-date =19 March 2018 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180319162718/http://www.letterone.com/about-us/leadership-and-governance/board-members/german-khan | url-status =dead }}</ref>
<ref name="kphilanthropoist">{{cite news | title =Russian philanthropists bound for London | first =Simon | last =Rocker | url =http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/125467/russian-philanthropists-bound-london | newspaper =[[The Jewish Chronicle]] | date =13 November 2014 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="donatedmillions">{{cite news | title =Alfa-Bank's Clients Donated Million Rubles to the Life-Line Fund | url =http://alfabank.com/media/news/2008/11/12/ | publisher =Alfa Bank | date =12 November 2008 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="qrusalpha">{{cite news | title =Mikhail Fridman: The Alpha oligarch | first =Guy | last =Chazan | url =https://www.ft.com/content/b47de3d4-c325-11e4-ac3d-00144feab7de | newspaper =[[Financial Times]] | date =5 March 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref> <ref name="fexecutive">{{cite news |title = German Khan – Executive Director of TNK-BP |url = http://www.aar.ru/en/advisory-board/german-khan.html |publisher = AAR.ru |access-date = 2016-11-10 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315144337/http://www.aar.ru/en/advisory-board/german-khan.html |archive-date = 15 March 2016}}</ref> <ref name="hgbkbloomberg">{{cite news | title =German Borisovich Khan | url =https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=1166346&privcapId=243357564 | newspaper =[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="hboardandchairman">{{cite news | title =One of the original founders of LetterOne, Mr Fridman is Chairman of the Board of Directors of L1 Holdings and L1 Investment Holdings | url =http://www.letterone.com/about-us/leadership-and-governance/board-members/mikhail-fridman | publisher =[[LetterOne]] | access-date =2016-03-11 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180220091957/http://www.letterone.com/about-us/leadership-and-governance/board-members/mikhail-fridman | archive-date =20 February 2018 | url-status =dead }}</ref> <ref name="profilered">{{cite news | title =Profile: Mikhail Fridman – from rugs to riches | url =https://www.ft.com/content/c5aafbe6-c0bf-11e4-876d-00144feab7de | newspaper = [[Financial Times]] | date =2 March 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref> <ref name="tnkkantheoligarch">{{cite news | title =German Khan the oligarch behind TNK | url =http://luxatic.com/german-khan-the-oligarch-behind-tnk/ | publisher =Luxatic | date =3 June 2015 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="dkhanbuying">{{cite news | title =Mikhail Fridman & German Khan Buying German Oil Company for $7 Billion | first =Albert | last =Hecht | url =http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2014/03/17/mikhail-fridman-german-khan-buying-german-oil-company-for-7-billion/ | newspaper =[[Jewish Business News]] | date =17 March 2014 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="ccbsnews">{{cite news | title =Meet the Russian Billionaires That Took on BP and Won | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/meet-the-russian-billionaires-that-took-on-bp-and-won/ | work =[[CBS News]] | date =18 May 2011 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="wardhowell">{{cite news | title = Talent Equity Exclusive | url = http://www.wardhowell.com/en/teinstitute/tei_exclusive_1/ | publisher = WardHowell.com | date = February 2016 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="poetek">{{cite news | title = German Khan | url = https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://neftegaz.ru/persons/view/31-Khan-German&prev=search | publisher = Peotek | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref> <ref name="jewishworld">{{cite web|last=Sher |first=Gilead |url=https://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishFeatures/Article.aspx?id=187418 |title=The world's 50 Richest Jews: 11–20 |work=[[Jerusalem Post]] |date=6 May 2011 |access-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="deadmagazine">{{cite news | title = DEA's Supervisory Board: German Khan Profile | url =https://www.dea-group.com/en/media-library | newspaper =DEA Magazine page 25 | publisher =DEA website | date = February 2016 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="rbrussia">{{cite web |url=http://www.rb.ru/biz/people/show/10077/ |title=Уюм Цеплюм | Ахгмея Яопюбнвмхй |publisher=Rb.ru |access-date=2015-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926031927/http://www.rb.ru/biz/people/show/10077/ |archive-date=26 September 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="alfabillionaireslaunch">{{cite news | title =Alfa Billionaires Launch L1 Energy Fund | first =Jen | last =Alic | url =http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Alfa-Billionaires-Launch-L1-Energy-Fund.html | publisher =Oilprice.com | date =23 June 2013 | access-date = 2015-09-27 }}</ref> <ref name="erodelag">{{cite web |url=http://www.dea-group.com/en/dea-new-dea |title=Dea – New Dea |publisher=DEA Group |access-date=2015-09-27 |archive-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809015049/http://www.dea-group.com/en/dea-new-dea |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="overseaotheruk">{{cite news | title =Ineos targets further North Sea assets in wake of $750m deal | first =Christopher | last =Adams | url =https://next.ft.com/content/2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044 | newspaper =[[Financial Times]] | date =11 October 2015 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="wikileaksknown">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/bp-wikileaks/8294145/AAR-AND-BP-NEGOTIATING-A-CEASE-FIRE.html |title=Aar And Bp Negotiating A "Cease-Fire" |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2011-01-31 |access-date=2015-09-27}}</ref>
<ref name="nytiemesmillions">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/world/europe/russians-establish-1-million-jewish-prize-with-israel.html?_r=0|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Russians Join Israel to Start Jewish Prize of $1 Million|author=David M. Herszenhorn|date=26 June 2012|access-date=2015-09-07}}</ref>
<ref name="fiddlertotheworld">{{Cite web|url=https://ejewishphilanthropy.com/itzhak-perlman-fiddler-to-the-world-awarded-2016-genesis-prize/|title=Itzhak Perlman, "Fiddler to the World," Awarded 2016 Genesis Prize|date=14 December 2015|website=eJewish Philanthropy}}</ref> <ref name="urlsyadshem">{{cite news | title =Project Genesis events | url =http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/about/events/2009/project_genesis.asp9 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160109222037/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/about/events/2009/project_genesis.asp9 | url-status =dead | archive-date =2016-01-09 | publisher =Yad Vashem | date =2009 | access-date = 2015-09-27 }}</ref> <ref name="rjcpdf">{{cite news |title = At the Center of Jewish life in Russia since 1996 |url = http://www.rjc.ru/files/RJC_in_English.pdf |publisher = Russian Jewish Congress |date = 2012 |access-date = 2016-11-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161213055412/http://www.rjc.ru/files/RJC_in_English.pdf |archive-date = 13 December 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="cashladenhunt">{{cite news | title =Cash-laden oligarchs hunt pastures new | url =https://www.ft.com/content/25bf411a-9e01-11e2-bea1-00144feabdc0 | newspaper =[[Financial Times]] | date =5 April 2013 | access-date = 2015-09-27 }}</ref>
<ref name="financiatltimesfields">{{cite news | title =Russia's Fridman spends $1.6bn on Norwegian oil and gas fields | url =https://next.ft.com/content/28f32d9a-7254-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc | newspaper = [[Financial Times]] | date =14 October 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="bloombergview">{{cite news |title = Not All Russian Billionaires Are Putin Cronies |first = Leonid |last = Bershidsky |url = http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-05/not-all-russian-billionaires-are-putin-cronies |newspaper = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date = 5 March 2015 |access-date = 2016-03-11 |archive-date = 4 April 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142634/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-05/not-all-russian-billionaires-are-putin-cronies |url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="developingportfolio">{{cite news | title =Ex-BP boss aims to build major energy industry player from scratch | Politics | first =Terry | last =Macalister | url =https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/08/ex-bp-boss-aims-to-build-major-energy-industry-player-from-scratch | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date =8 March 2015 | access-date =2015-09-26 }}</ref>
<ref name="northseaassets">{{cite news | title =Ex-BP boss aims to build major energy industry player from scratch | first =Terry | last =Macalister | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/08/ex-bp-boss-aims-to-build-major-energy-industry-player-from-scratch | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date =8 March 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="tradeministerdavies">{{cite news | title =Ex-British trade minister Davies joins Russia's LetterOne | url =https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ex-british-trade-minister-davies-joins-russias-letterone-224642392--finance.html#FmMTWg | newspaper = [[Reuters]] | date =7 May 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="letterone">{{cite web |url=http://www.letterone.lu |title=LetterOne |publisher=Letterone.lu |access-date=2015-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801210559/http://letterone.lu/ |archive-date=1 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="fbillionmerger">{{cite news | title =Fridman Offers $4 Billion to Merge Brazil Carriers Oi, Tim | first =Julia | last =Leite | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-26/oi-may-get-up-to-4-billion-from-letter-one-in-tim-deal | newspaper = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] | date =26 October 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="rosneft">{{cite news | title =Rosneft and BP Complete TNK-BP Sale and Purchase Transaction | url =http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/press/press-releases/rosneft-and-bp-complete-tnk-bp-sale-and-purchase-transaction.html | publisher =[[BP]] | date =20 March 2013 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="retursarticle">{{cite news | title =Former Swedish premier Bildt appointed LetterOne board adviser | url =http://uk.reuters.com/article/letterone-sweden-idUKL5N0Y51JB20150514 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160811033152/http://uk.reuters.com/article/letterone-sweden-idUKL5N0Y51JB20150514 | url-status =dead | archive-date =11 August 2016 | newspaper = [[Reuters]] | date =14 May 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="govermoetgave">{{cite news | title =Russian Billionaire Mikhail Fridman Looks to Sell U.K. Gas Fields | first =Michael | last =Amon | url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-billionaire-mikhail-fridman-to-sell-u-k-gas-fields-1431109653 | newspaper =[[The Wall Street Journal]]| date =8 May 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="jfinanccialtimesuber">{{cite news | title =Uber picks up $200m from Russian billionaire Mikhail Fridman | first =Leslie | last =Hook | url =http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b6af0d0e-d1ac-11e5-831d-09f7778e7377.html#axzz42gQ8hHf6 | newspaper =[[Financial Times]] | date =12 February 2016 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="babyyarkilliggs">{{cite news | title =Petro Poroshenko announces initiative to create Holocaust Memorial Center | url =http://www.babiyar.org/news/16-petro-poroshenko-announces-initiative-to-create-holocaust-memorial-center.html | publisher =BabiYar.org | date =29 September 2016 | access-date = 2016-10-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="lookstoavert">{{cite news | title =Fridman looks to avert political row by selling North Sea fields | url =https://www.ft.com/content/34395a46-ccad-11e4-b5a5-00144feab7de | newspaper = [[Financial Times]] | date =17 March 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="ineostargest">{{cite news | title =Ineos targets further North Sea assets in wake of $750m deal | first =Christopher | last =Adams | url =https://www.ft.com/content/2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044 | newspaper = [[Financial Times]] | date =11 October 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="letteronecompletes">{{cite news | title =LetterOne completes purchase of RWE Dea for €5.1 billion | url =http://www.ogj.com/articles/2015/03/letterone-completes-purchase-of-rwe-dea-for-5-1-billion.html | newspaper = [[Oil & Gas Journal]] | date =2 March 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="letteroneonesale">{{cite news | title =Billionaire Jim Ratcliffe snaps up North Sea oil fields | first =Mehreen | last =Khan | url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/11925169/Billionaire-Jim-Ratcliffe-snaps-up-North-Sea-oil-fields.html | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | date =11 October 2015 | access-date = 2016-03-11 }}</ref>
NEW
<ref name="g2hardhcnaging">{{cite news | title =2 Hard-Charging Oligarchs Returning to Global Energy Market | first =Stanley | last =Reed | url =https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/06/28/oligarchs-assemble-team-for-oil-deals/ | newspaper =[[The New York Times]]| date =28 June 2013 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="pcronies">{{cite news | title =Putin's cronies lose $50 billion | first =Ivana | last =Kottasova | url =https://money.cnn.com/2014/12/16/news/russia-billionaires-putin-losses/ | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141231004130/http://money.cnn.com/2014/12/16/news/russia-billionaires-putin-losses | url-status =dead | archive-date =31 December 2014 | publisher =[[CNN]] | date =16 December 2014 | access-date = 2016-11-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="orichest">{{cite news |title = 7 Richest Oil Baron's in the World |url = http://www.billionairesnewswire.com/7-richest-oil-barons-world/ |publisher = Billionaires Newswire |date = 20 November 2015 |access-date = 2016-11-10 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160502230506/http://www.billionairesnewswire.com/7-richest-oil-barons-world/ |archive-date = 2 May 2016}}</ref>
}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Official website|http://germankhan.online/}}
{{Privatization in Russia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, German Borisovich}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Alfa Group]] [[Category:BP people]] [[Category:National University of Science and Technology MISiS alumni]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Kyiv]] [[Category:Russian billionaires]] [[Category:Russian businesspeople in the oil industry]] [[Category:Russian Jews]] [[Category:Russian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Ukrainian emigrants to Russia]] [[Category:Ukrainian Jews]] [[Category:Ukrainian billionaires]] [[Category:Russian people of Jewish descent]] [[Category:Russian businesspeople in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Ukrainian businesspeople in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Russian oligarchs]] [[Category:Russian individuals subject to European Union sanctions]] [[Category:Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions]] [[Category:Russian businesspeople in Israel]]