{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{speciesbox | status = D | status_system = NZTCS | status_ref = <ref name="NZTCS" /> |image = Geranium solanderi - Flickr - Kevin Thiele.jpg |image2 = Geranium solanderi 56239633.jpg |genus = Geranium |species = solanderi |authority = Carolin<ref name=apni/><ref name=carolin/> |synonyms = ''Geranium carolinianum'' var. ''australe'' <small>(Benth.) Fosberg</small><br> ''Geranium dissectum'' var. ''australe'' <small>Benth.</small><br> ''Geranium dissectum'' var. pilosum <small>Hook.f.</small><br> ''Geranium drummondii'' <small>Carolin</small><br> ''Geranium gardneri'' <small>de Lange</small><br> ''Geranium patulum'' <small>Sol. ex G.Forst.</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo>{{Cite web|title=Geranium solanderi Carolin {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1002417-2|access-date=2020-06-03|website=Plants of the World Online}}</ref> }}
'''''Geranium solanderi''''' (common names - '''native geranium''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Australian cranesbill,''' '''Austral cranesbill''', '''Cut-leaf cranesbill''', '''native carrot''', and '''hairy geranium''')<ref name=":0" /> is a species of plant in the family Geraniaceae. It is native to Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Harden|first=G.J.|title=PlantNET - FloraOnline: Geranium solanderi|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Geranium~solanderi|access-date=2020-06-03|website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> and to New Zealand.<ref name="Geranium solanderi">{{Cite web|title=Geranium solanderi|url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/geranium-solanderi/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|language=en}}</ref>
It was first described in 1800 by Daniel Solander as ''Geranium pilosum,'' from a specimen found in New Zealand.<ref name="apni" /><ref name="apni2">{{APNI2|id=82083|name=''Geranium pilosum''}}</ref><ref name="solander">{{cite journal|author=Willdenow, C.L. |date=1800|journal=Species Plantarum Edn. 4|volume= 3|series=1|pages= 706|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/623670|title=Monadelphia decandria}}</ref> However, the name was illegal (having already been used in 1787 by Antonio José Cavanilles)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geranium pilosum {{!}} International Plant Names Index|url=https://www.ipni.org/n/373477-1|access-date=2020-06-03|website=www.ipni.org}}</ref> and it was renamed in 1965 by Roger Charles Carolin, with the species epithet, ''solanderi'', honouring Solander.<ref name=apni>{{APNI2|id=98727|name=''Geranium solanderi''}}</ref><ref name=carolin>{{cite journal|author=Carolin, R.C. |date=1965|title=The genus Geranium in the South Western Pacific Area|journal= Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales|volume= 89|issue=3|pages=350, t. 6(2-3), 7(1-2)|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34904588}}</ref>
== Description == ''Geranium solanderi'' is a perennial, spreading herb with the ends growing upward. The stemas are up 50 cm long, and coarsely hairy. The taproot is swollen and often like a turnip.<ref name=":1" />
The leaves on the flowering stems are opposite and palmatisect ( leaf cut into lobes to up to more than halfway in a palmate form). They are 1–3 cm long by 1.5–5 cm wide, with 5–10 lobes, and hairy on a stalk (petiole) up to 5 cm long.<ref name=":1" />
The flowers are paired (rarely solitary) on an inflorescence stald (peduncle) which is 1–4 cm long, with each flower on a flower stalk (pedicel) which is 2.5–5 cm long. The sepals are 5–9 mm long, and the pink petals are 5–12 mm long, pink and often have yellowish veins. The anthers are yellow. The fruits are 12–25 mm long and the seeds are black.<ref name=":1" />
== Conservation status == In New Zealand, in both 2004 and 2009 it was declared "Not threatened", but in 2012, under the New Zealand Threat Classification System it was declared "At Risk - Declining", with the qualifiers SO (safe overseas) and DP (data poor),<ref name="Geranium solanderi"/> and this status was reaffirmed in 2017.<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite journal|last=de Lange|first=P.J.|last2=Rolfe|first2=J.R.|last3=Barkla|first3=J.W.|last4=Courtney| first4=S.P.|last5=Champion|first5=P.D.|last6=Perrie|first6=L.R.|last7=Beadel|first7=S.M.|last8=Ford| first8=K.A.|last9=Breitwieser|first9=I. |last10=Schönberger|first10=I |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls|first11=R.|last12=Heenan|first12=P.B.|last13=Ladley|first13=Kate|date=2018-05-01|title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017|url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf|journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series|volume=22|pages=35|oclc=1041649797}}</ref>
== Aboriginal uses == The Noongar people of south west Western Australia used the older red tuberous roots (after cooking) to treat diarrhoea.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Hansen|first=V.|title=Noongar Bush Medicine Medicinal plants of the south-west of Western Australia|last2=Horsefall|first2=J.|publisher=University of Western Australia|year=2016|isbn=9781742589060|location=Crawley, WA|pages=123}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
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==External links== *[https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Geranium+solanderi#tab_mapView ''Geranium solanderi'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium] {{Taxonbar|from=Q15337902}}
solanderi Category:Flora of Australia Category:Flora of New Zealand