George Enescu

{{Short description|Romanian composer and violinist (1881–1955)}} {{about||the commune, named for the composer|George Enescu, Botoșani}} {{lead too short|date=August 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = George Enescu | image = Georges Enesco 1930.jpg | caption = Enescu in 1930 | birth_date = {{birth date|1881|8|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[George Enescu, Botoșani|Liveni-Vârnav]], [[Kingdom of Romania]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1955|5|4|1881|8|19|df=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | burial_place = [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], Paris, France | citizenship = Romania<br />France | other_names = Jurjac, Georges Enesco | occupation = [[musician]], [[composer]] | notable_works = [[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsodies]] | mother = Maria Enescu | father = Costache Enescu | spouse = {{marriage|Maria Tescanu Rosetti|1939|1955|end=divorce}} | children = 1 {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office = Member of the [[Senate of Romania]] | term_start = 1939<ref>{{cite web | last1=Eskenasy | first1=Victor | title=George Enescu și comunismul - precizări succinte | work=Radio Europa Liberă | date=12 February 2014 | url=https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/25261719.html }}</ref> | term_end = 1940 | office1 = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Romania]] | term_start1 = 1946<ref>{{cite web | last1=Eskenasy | first1=Victor | title=George Enescu și comunismul - precizări succinte | work=Radio Europa Liberă | date=12 February 2014 | url=https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/25261719.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=George Enescu - Muzicieni români - Biografii ascunse în arhivele securității | url=https://www.muzicieni-in-arhive.ro/george-enescu-ro.php }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=George Enescu şi regimul comunist | date=23 September 2013 | url=https://www.rri.ro/panoramice/pro-memoria/george-enescu-si-regimul-comunist-id585665.html }}</ref> | term_end1 = 1948 | constituency1 = [[Dorohoi County]] | party = [[National Renaissance Front]]<br>{{small|(1939–1940)}}<br>[[People's Democratic Front (Romania)|Bloc of Democratic Parties]] {{small|(1946–1948)}} }} }}

'''George Enescu''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈdʒe̯ordʒe eˈnesku|lang|Ro-George Enescu.ogg}}; {{OldStyleDate|19 August|1881|7 August}} – 4 May 1955), known in France as '''Georges Enesco''', was a [[Romanians|Romanian]] composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, teacher and statesman. He is regarded as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history.<ref>Pascal Bentoiu, ''Masterworks of George Enescu'', Scarecrow Press, 1910, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9H9-dYsKA_MC&dq=%22George+Enescu%22+Translator%27s+Foreword&pg=PR6 p.v]</ref>

==Biography== [[File:George Enesco.jpg|thumb|Young George Enescu]] Enescu was born in Romania, in the village of [[George Enescu, Botoșani|Liveni]] (later renamed "George Enescu" in his honor), then in [[Dorohoi County]], today [[Botoșani County]]. His father was Costache Enescu, a landholder, and his mother was Maria Enescu (née Cosmovici), the daughter of an Orthodox priest. Their eighth child, he was born after all the previous siblings had died in infancy. His father later separated from Maria Enescu and had another son with Maria Ferdinand-Suschi: the painter [[Dumitru Bâșcu]].<ref>Cosma, V, [http://www.formula-as.ro/2011/982/asul-de-inima-45/george-enescu-simfonia-iubirii-14082 "George Enescu: Simfonia iubirii"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709084145/http://www.formula-as.ro/2011/982/asul-de-inima-45/george-enescu-simfonia-iubirii-14082 |date=9 July 2019 }}, ''Formula AS'', 2011 issue 982</ref>

A [[child prodigy]], Enescu began experimenting with composing at an early age. Several, mostly very short, pieces survive, all for violin and piano. The earliest work of significant length bears the title ''Pămînt românesc'' ("Romanian Land"), and is inscribed "opus for piano and violin by George Enescu, Romanian composer, aged five years and a quarter".<ref>Voicana 1971, 52; Malcolm 2001.</ref> Shortly thereafter, his father presented him to the professor and composer [[Eduard Caudella]]. On 5 October 1888, at the age of seven, he became the youngest student ever admitted to the [[University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna|Vienna Conservatory]],<ref name="aradon">{{cite web|url=http://www.aradon.ro/icr-viena-vine-la-budapesta/1024537|title=ICR Viena vine la Budapesta - ARADON|date=9 December 2011 |publisher=aradon.ro|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=15 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415082554/http://www.aradon.ro/icr-viena-vine-la-budapesta/1024537|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://romaniainourhearts.wordpress.com/2013/09/16/romanian-achievements-and-records-part-15/|title=Romanian Achievements and Records: Part 15 | Romania In Our Hearts|date=16 September 2013|publisher=romaniainourhearts.wordpress.com|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=16 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416121651/http://romaniainourhearts.wordpress.com/2013/09/16/romanian-achievements-and-records-part-15/|url-status=live}}</ref> where he studied with [[Joseph Hellmesberger Jr.]], [[Robert Fuchs (composer)|Robert Fuchs]], and [[Sigismund Bachrich]]. He was the second person ever to be admitted to the Vienna Conservatory by a dispensation of age, and was the first non-Austrian (in 1882, [[Fritz Kreisler]] had also been admitted at the age of seven; according to the rules, nobody younger than 14 years could study there).<ref>Anon. "George Enescu, fața nevăzută a unui geniu" [George Enescu, the Unseen Face of a Genius], ''Historia'' Special, 2, no. 4 (September 2013): 55. ISSN 1582-7968.</ref>

In 1891, the ten-year-old Enescu gave a private concert at the [[Austria-Hungary|Court of Vienna]], in the presence of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph]].<ref>Anon. "George Enescu, fața nevăzută a unui geniu" [George Enescu, the Unseen Face of a Genius], ''Historia'' Special, 2, no. 4 (September 2013): 10. ISSN 1582-7968.</ref>

[[Joseph Hellmesberger Sr.]], one of his teachers and the director of the Vienna Conservatory, hosted Enescu at his home,{{When|date=April 2014}} where the child prodigy met his idol, [[Johannes Brahms]].<ref>Anon. "George Enescu, fața nevăzută a unui geniu" [George Enescu, the Unseen Face of a Genius], ''Historia'' Special. 2, no. 4 (September 2013): 9. ISSN 1582-7968.</ref>

{{ external media | float = right| width = 210px | audio1 = You may hear George Enescu playing [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s [[Concerto for Two Violins (Bach)|Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043]] with [[Yehudi Menuhin]] and [[Pierre Monteux]] conducting the Symphony Orchestra of Paris in 1932 [https://archive.org/details/J.S.BACHDoubleConcertoInDMinor-NEWTRANSFER/01.I.Vivace.mp3 '''Here on archive.org''']}}

He graduated at the age of 12, earning the silver medal. In his Viennese concerts young Enescu played works by [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]], [[Pablo de Sarasate|Sarasate]] and [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]]. In 1895, he went to Paris to continue his studies. He studied violin with [[Martin Pierre Marsick]], harmony with [[André Gedalge]], and composition with [[Jules Massenet]] and [[Gabriel Fauré]].<ref>Malcolm 1990.</ref>

Enescu then studied from 1895 to 1899 at the [[Conservatoire de Paris]]. In a letter from André Gédalge to [[Lucien Rebatet]], dated 16 October 1923, Gédalge said that Enescu was "the only one [among his students] who truly had ideas and spirit" ''(fr: le seul qui ait vraiment des idées et du souffle)''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Penesco |first1=Anne |title= Georges Enesco et l'âme roumaine |date=1999 |publisher=Lyon: Presses universitaires de Lyon |page=10}}</ref>

On 6 February 1898, at the age of 16, Enescu presented in Paris his first mature work, ''[[Poema Română]]'', played by the [[Concerts Colonne|Colonne Orchestra]], then one of the most prestigious in the world, and conducted by [[Édouard Colonne]].<ref>Anon. "George Enescu, fața nevăzută a unui geniu" [George Enescu, the Unseen Face of a Genius], ''Historia'' Special, 2, no. 4 (September 2013): 11. ISSN 1582-7968.</ref>

Many of Enescu's works were influenced by Romanian folk music, his most popular compositions being the two ''[[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsodies]]'' (1901–02), the opera ''[[Œdipe (opera)|Œdipe]]'' (1936), and the suites for orchestra.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} He also wrote five mature symphonies (two of them unfinished), a [[symphonic poem]] ''[[Vox maris]]'', and much chamber music (three sonatas for violin and piano, two for cello and piano, a piano trio, two string quartets and two piano quartets, a wind [[Decet (music)|decet]] (French, "dixtuor"), an [[Octet (Enescu)|octet for strings]], a piano quintet, and a chamber symphony for twelve solo instruments). A young [[Ravi Shankar]] recalled in the 1960s how Enescu, who had developed a deep interest in Oriental music, rehearsed with Shankar's brother [[Uday Shankar]] and his musicians. Around the same time, Enescu took the young [[Yehudi Menuhin]] to the [[Colonial Exhibition in Paris]], where he introduced him to the [[Gamelan]] Orchestra from [[Indonesia]].<ref>Liner notes - Angel/EMI Lp 36418 (1966)</ref>

[[File:The Cantacuzino Palace from Bucharest (Romania).jpg|thumb|200px|left|The [[Cantacuzino Palace]] on [[Calea Victoriei]] ([[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]), built in the [[Beaux Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] style, which is now the George Enescu Museum]]

On 8 January 1923 he made his American debut as a conductor in a concert given by the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] at [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York City, and subsequently visited the United States many times. It was in America, in the 1920s, that Enescu was first persuaded to make recordings as a violinist. He also appeared as a conductor with many American orchestras and, in 1936, was one of the candidates considered to replace [[Arturo Toscanini]] as permanent conductor of the New York Philharmonic.<ref>Malcolm 2001.</ref> In 1932, Enescu was elected a titular member of the [[Romanian Academy]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.acad.ro/bdar/armembriLit.php?vidT=E Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402001920/http://acad.ro/bdar/armembriLit.php?vidT=E |date=2 April 2016 }} at the Romanian Academy site</ref> In 1935, he conducted the [[Orchestre Symphonique de Paris]] and Yehudi Menuhin (who had been his pupil for several years starting in 1927) in Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major. He also conducted the [[New York Philharmonic]] between 1937 and 1938. In 1939, he married [[Maria Tescanu Rosetti]] (known as Princess Maruca Cantacuzino through her first husband Mihail Cantacuzino), a good friend of Queen Marie of Romania. After the [[1939 Romanian general election]], Enescu became a member of the Romanian Senate, being personally appointed by the King [[Carol II of Romania]].<ref>{{cite web | last1=Eskenasy | first1=Victor | title=George Enescu și comunismul - precizări succinte | work=Radio Europa Liberă | date=12 February 2014 | url=https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/25261719.html }}</ref>

He was also renowned as a violin teacher. He began teaching at the [[Mannes School of Music]] in 1948. His students included [[Yehudi Menuhin]], [[Christian Ferras]], [[Ivry Gitlis]], [[Arthur Grumiaux]], [[Serge Blanc (violinist)|Serge Blanc]], [[Ida Haendel]], [[Uto Ughi]], and [[Joan Field]]. ({{See LMST|George|Enescu}}) [[File:Grave of George Enescu -Père Lachaise Cemetery 3.jpg|thumb|Grave of George Enescu -Père Lachaise Cemetery]]

He promoted contemporary Romanian music, playing works of [[Constantin Silvestri]], [[Mihail Jora]], [[Ionel Perlea]] and Marțian Negrea.<ref>Malcolm 1990.</ref> Enescu considered Bach's [[Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin (Bach)|Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin]] as the "Himalayas of violinists". An annotated version of this work brings together the indications of Enescu regarding sonority, phrasing, tempos, musicality, fingering and expression.<ref name="sonatas">{{cite web|url=http://www.himalayas-of-violinists.org|title=Sonatas and Partitas : Educational Edition|access-date=15 June 2015|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210557/http://www.himalayas-of-violinists.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Enescu died on 4 May 1955.{{sfn|Randel|1996|page=248}} On his death, he was interred in [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], (48°51'43.8"N 2°23'30.8"E) in Paris.

==Reception== [[File:George Enescu violin.jpg|left|thumb|A violin owned by George Enescu in a museum in Bucharest, Romania]] [[Pablo Casals]] described Enescu as "the greatest musical phenomenon since Mozart"<ref name="musicweb-international">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2005/May05/Enescu_part1.htm|title=George ENESCU Part I: Enescu the composer Evan Dickerson - May 2005 MusicWeb-International|publisher=musicweb-international.com|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=9 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709032547/http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2005/May05/Enescu_part1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and "one of the greatest geniuses of [[20th-century classical music|modern music]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/news/festivalul-george-enescu/george-enescu-1_52271acdc7b855ff56458f06/index.html|title=EXCLUSIV VIDEO Documentar inedit despre George Enescu: "A fost cel mai măreț fenomen muzical, de la Mozart încoace"|work=adevarul.ro|date=4 September 2013 |access-date=5 November 2014|archive-date=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105144537/http://adevarul.ro/news/festivalul-george-enescu/george-enescu-1_52271acdc7b855ff56458f06/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Marie of Romania|Queen Marie of Romania]] wrote in her memoirs that "in George Enescu was real gold".<ref>Anon. "George Enescu, fața nevăzută a unui geniu" [George Enescu, the Unseen Face of a Genius], ''Historia'' Special, 2, no. 4 (September 2013): 14. ISSN 1582-7968.</ref> Yehudi Menuhin, Enescu's most famous pupil, once said about his teacher: "He will remain for me the absoluteness through which I judge others", and "Enescu gave me the light that has guided my entire existence."<ref name="georgeenescu2">{{cite web|url=http://www.georgeenescu.ro/noutate_2130_Yehudi-Menuhin--aproape-rom%C3%A2n_pg_0.htm|title=Yehudi Menuhin, aproape romān|publisher=georgeenescu.ro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415125032/http://www.georgeenescu.ro/noutate_2130_Yehudi-Menuhin--aproape-rom%C3%A2n_pg_0.htm|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref> He also considered Enescu "the most extraordinary human being, the greatest musician and the most formative influence" he had ever experienced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanianculturalcentre.org.uk/announcements/general/2007/02/new-music-release-george-enescu-complete-works-for-violin-piano-vol-i/ |title=The Romanian Cultural Centre in London |access-date=5 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518001541/http://www.romanianculturalcentre.org.uk/announcements/general/2007/02/new-music-release-george-enescu-complete-works-for-violin-piano-vol-i/ |archive-date=18 May 2014 }}</ref> [[Vincent d'Indy]] claimed that if [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s works were destroyed, they could be all reconstructed from memory by George Enescu.<ref name="romania-muzical">{{cite web|url=http://en.romania-muzical.ro/articole/art.htm?c=18&g=2&arh=1&y=2011&a=103001|title=Radio Romania Muzical|publisher=en.romania-muzical.ro|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=15 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415083018/http://en.romania-muzical.ro/articole/art.htm?c=18&g=2&arh=1&y=2011&a=103001|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alfred Cortot]], one of the greatest pianists of all time, once said that Enescu, though primarily a violinist, had better piano technique than his own.<ref name="musicweb-international2">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2006/Mar06/Enescu_AV2081.htm|title=ENESCU piano music Vol 2 Borac AVIE AV2081 [GF]: Classical CD Reviews- March 2006 MusicWeb-International|publisher=musicweb-international.com|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=17 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717055123/http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2006/Mar06/Enescu_AV2081.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Enescu's only opera, ''[[Œdipe (opera)|Œdipe]]'' (''Oedipe''), was staged for the first time at the [[Royal Opera House]] in London in 2016, 80 years after its Paris premiere, in a production directed and designed by [[La Fura dels Baus]] which received superlative reviews in ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref>Clements, A, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/may/24/oedipe-review-enescu-royal-opera-house-london "Oedipe review – spellbinding staging of a 20th-century masterpiece"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704120602/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/may/24/oedipe-review-enescu-royal-opera-house-london |date=4 July 2019 }}, ''The Guardian'', 24 May 2016</ref> ''[[The Independent]]'',<ref>Chanteau, C, [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/oedipe-royal-opera-house-review-a-masterpiece-enescu-a7046721.html "Oedipe, Royal Opera House, review: 'A masterpiece'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704120557/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/oedipe-royal-opera-house-review-a-masterpiece-enescu-a7046721.html |date=4 July 2019 }}, ''The Independent'', 24 May 2016</ref> ''[[The Times]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morrison |first1=Richard |title=Opera: Oedipe at Covent Garden |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/classical-opera/article/opera-oedipe-at-covent-garden-dh9rbxws9 |website=The Times |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801220617/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/opera-oedipe-at-covent-garden-dh9rbxws9 |url-status=live }}</ref> and other publications. An analysis of Enescu's work and the reasons why it is little known in the UK was published by musician Dominic Saunders in ''The Guardian''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Saunders |first1=Dominic |title=The Mozart we missed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/oct/25/classicalmusicandopera.artsfeatures |website=www.theguardian.com |date=25 October 2002 |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=4 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704120611/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/oct/25/classicalmusicandopera.artsfeatures |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Commemorations== Enescu founded the [[Enescu Prize]] in composition, which was awarded from 1913 to 1946, and afterwards by the [[National University of Music Bucharest]].<ref>Malcolm 1990. p.164</ref>

[[Eugène Ysaÿe]]'s [[Violin Sonata No. 3 (Ysaÿe)|Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, subtitled "Ballade"]] (composed in 1923), was dedicated as an act of homage to fellow-violinist Enescu.<ref>Timothy Judd, "Augustin Hadelich Plays Ysaÿe: Sonata No. 3", [https://thelistenersclub.com/2022/05/27/augustin-hadelich-plays-ysaye-sonata-no-3-in-d-minor-ballade The Listener's Club]</ref>

While staying in Bucharest during the 1930s, Enescu lived in the [[Cantacuzino Palace]] on Calea Victoriei and married its then owner, Maruca Cantacuzino, in 1939. After the Communist takeover, the couple occupied a part of it briefly before moving to Paris in 1947. Following Enescu's death in 1955, Maruca donated the palace to the Romanian state in order to organize a museum [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1st_Enescu_Museum_Collection_Curation.only.reduced.pdf] in memory of the musician.<ref>[https://www.vinland.ro/calator-in-tara-mea/palatul-cantacuzino-sau-muzeul-george-enescu-bucuresti Muzeul George Enescu]</ref> Likewise, the Symphony Orchestra of Bucharest and the George Enescu Festival—initiated by the musicologist [[Andrei Tudor]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | last=Cosma|first=Viorel|encyclopedia=Muzicieni din România|title=Andrei Tudor|volume=9|language=ro|pages=114|date=2006|location=Bucharest|publisher=Music Publishing House|isbn=978-973-42-0441-0}}</ref> [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enescu_Festival_Proposal.pdf] and supported by his friend, musical advocate, and sometime collaborator, the conductor George Georgescu—are named and held in his honor,<ref>[http://souvenirsdescarpates.blogspot.fr/2007/12/george-georgescu.html Alain Chotil-Fani, "Un voyage dans la Roumanie musicale: George Georgescu"], Souvenirs des Carpates blog site (6 December 2007, accessed 14 July 2014)</ref> and the composer's childhood home in [[Manoleasa|Liveni]] was inaugurated as a memorial museum in 1958.<ref>[https://muzeedelasat.ro/muzee/casa-memoriala-george-enescu-din-liveni/?lang=en Muzee de la sat]</ref>

Earlier still, in 1947, his wife Maruca donated to the state the mansion near [[Moinești]] where Enescu had lived and where he completed his opera ''Oedipe'', provided that a cultural centre be built there.<ref>[https://muzeedelasat.ro/muzee/muzeul-national-george-enescu-sectia-alice-si-dumitru-rosetti-tescanu-george-enescu/?lang=en Muzee de la sat]</ref> In Moinești itself there is a street named after the composer,<ref>[http://orasul.biz/strazi-moinesti-bc/strada-george-enescu Strada George Enescu]</ref> as well as a middle school.<ref>[https://www.scoala-george-enescu-moinesti.ro Scoala George Enescu]</ref> In addition the renamed George Enescu International Airport at [[Bacău]] is some twenty miles away.<ref>[https://www.closestairportto.com/city/romania/moinesti Closest Airport]</ref> Then in 2014 the home of Enescu's maternal grandfather in [[Mihăileni, Botoșani]], where the composer spent part of his childhood, was rescued from an advanced state of dilapidation by a team of volunteer architects and now houses a centre of excellence for the study of music.<ref>[https://www.propatrimonio.org/george-enescu-house-in-mihaileni-from-ruin-to-educational-centre/?lang=en Pro Patrimonio]</ref>

Enescu's portrait appeared on the redesigned [[Five lei|5 lei]] Romanian banknote in 2005.<ref>"5 Lei 2005, Romania" [https://en.numista.com/catalogue/note202529.html Numista]</ref>

==Selected works== [[File:Ateneo Rumano, Bucarest, Rumanía, 2016-05-29, DD 73.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Filarmonica "George Enescu" – [[Romanian Athenaeum]], Bucharest {{ external media | float = center | width = 260px | audio1 = You may hear George Enescu's [[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsody No. 1]] in A major, Op. 11 and [[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsody No. 2]] in D major, Op. 11 [https://archive.org/details/ENESCURoumanianRhapsodies/02.+Roumanian+Rhapsody+No.+2%2C+in+D+Major%2C+Op.+11.mp3 '''Here on archive.org''']}}]]

===Operas=== * ''[[Œdipe (opera)|Œdipe]]'', ''tragédie lyrique'' in four acts, libretto by Edmond Fleg, Op. 23 (1910–31)

===Symphonies=== * [[Symphony No. 1 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 1 in E{{flat}} major]], Op. 13 (1905) * [[Symphony No. 2 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 2 in A major]], Op. 17 (1912–14) * [[Symphony No. 3 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 3 in C major]], with chorus, Op. 21 (1916–18) *[[Symphony No. 4 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 4 in E minor]] (1935; completed by [[Pascal Bentoiu]] in 1996) *[[Symphony No. 5 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 5 in D major]], with women's chorus and tenor solo (1941; first partially completed by [[Cornel Țăranu]] in 1970–72 and 1990, then completed by Pascal Bentoiu in 1995)

===Other orchestral works=== * ''[[Poème roumain]]'', symphonic suite for orchestra, Op. 1 (1897) * ''[[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsody No. 1]]'' in A major, Op. 11 (1901) * ''[[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsody No. 2]]'' in D major, Op. 11 (1901) * Symphonia concertante in B minor, Op. 8 (1901) * [[Orchestral Suite No. 1 (Enescu)|Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C major]], Op. 9 (1903) * [[Orchestral Suite No. 2 (Enescu)|Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major]], Op. 20 (1915) * [[Orchestral Suite No. 3 (Enescu)|Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major]] ''Suite Villageoise'', Op. 27 (1937–38) * Overture on Popular Romanian Themes, Op. 32

===Chamber works===

====String quartets==== * [[String Quartet No. 1 (Enescu)|String Quartet No. 1 in E{{music|flat}} major]], Op. 22, No. 1 (1916–20) * [[String Quartet No. 2 (Enescu)|String Quartet No. 2 in G major]], Op. 22, No. 2 (1930–32) [[File:Regina Elisabeta - Foto05.jpg|thumb|right|400px|[[Elisabeth of Wied|Queen Elisabeth of Romania]] with George Enescu and Dimitrie Dinicu at [[Peleș Castle]]]]

====Sonatas==== * [[Violin Sonata No. 1 (Enescu)|Violin Sonata No. 1 in D major]], Op. 2 (1897) * [[Violin Sonata No. 2 (Enescu)|Violin Sonata No. 2 in F minor]], Op. 6 (1899) * [[Violin Sonata No. 3 (Enescu)|Violin Sonata No. 3 in A minor]] ''dans le caractère populaire roumain'', Op. 25 (1926) * [[Cello Sonata No. 1 (Enescu)|Cello Sonata No. 1 in F minor]], Op. 26, No. 1 (1898) * [[Cello Sonata No. 2 (Enescu)|Cello Sonata No. 2 in C major]], Op. 26, No. 2 (1935)

====Other chamber works====

* [[Octet (Enescu)|Octet for Strings in C major]], Op. 7 (1900) * [[Morceau de Concours (Enesco)|Cantabile et Presto]], for flute and piano (1904) * ''[[Decet (Enescu)|Decet]]'' in D major, for wind instruments, Op. 14 (1906) * ''[[Concertstück (Enescu)|Concertstück]]'', for viola and piano (1906) * ''[[Légende (Enescu)|Légende]]'', for trumpet and piano (1906) * [[Piano Quartet No. 1 (Enescu)|Piano Quartet No. 1 in D major]], Op. 16 (1909) * ''[[Impressions d'enfance]]'' in D major, for violin and piano, Op. 28 (1940) * [[Piano Quintet (Enescu)|Piano Quintet in A minor]], Op. 29 (1940) * [[Piano Quartet No. 2 (Enescu)|Piano Quartet No. 2 in D minor]], Op. 30 (1943–44) * [[Chamber Symphony (Enescu)|Chamber Symphony]], for 12 instruments, Op. 33 (1954)

===Piano music=== * [[Piano Suite No. 1 (Enescu)|Piano Suite No. 1 in G minor]], ''Dans le style ancien'' Op. 3 (1897) * [[Piano Suite No. 2 (Enescu)|Piano Suite No. 2 in D major]], Op. 10 (1901/1903) * [[Piano Suite No. 3 (Enescu)|Piano Suite No. 3]], ''Pieces impromptues'' Op. 18 (1913–16) * [[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Enescu)|Piano Sonata No. 1 in F{{music|sharp}} minor]], op 24, No. 1 (1924) * [[Piano Sonata No. 3 (Enescu)|Piano Sonata No. 3 in D major]], op 24, No. 3 (1933–35) * Piano arrangement of [[Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)|Romanian Rhapsody No. 1 in A major]], Op. 11 (1951)

===Songs=== Three songs setting Lemaitre and Prudhomme Four songs setting Fernand Gregh In German: Various settings of Carmen Silva (Queen Elisabeth of Romania) In Romanian – 3 songs * ''Trois Mélodies'', Op. 4 (1898) * ''[[Sept Chansons de Clement Marot (Enescu)|Sept Chansons de Clement Marot]]'', for tenor and piano, Op. 15 (1907–08) * ''Trois Mélodies'', Op. 19 (1916)

{{listen | filename = Enescu - Cantibile and Presto - Tipton.ogg | title = Cantabile and Presto | description = Performed by [[Albert Tipton]] (flute) and Mary Norris (piano) | format = [[ogg]] | filename2 = Enescu - Cantibile and Presto - Murray.ogg | title2 = Cantabile and Presto | description2 = Performed by Alex Murray (flute) and [[Martha Goldstein]] (piano) | format2 = [[ogg]] }}

==See also== * [[:Category:Compositions by George Enescu]] * [[George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra]] * [[George Enescu International Competition]] * [[List of 20th century classical composers]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==Sources== * Axente, Colette, and Ileana Ratiu. 1998. ''George Enescu: Biografie documentara, tineretea si afirmarea: 1901–1920''. Bucharest: Editura muzicala a U.C.M.R. * [[Pascal Bentoiu|Bentoiu, Pascal]]. 2010. ''Masterworks of George Enescu: A Detailed Analysis'', translated by Lory Wallfisch. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-7665-1}} (cloth) {{ISBN|978-0-8108-7690-3}} (ebook). Translation of ''Capodopere enesciene''. Bucharest: Editura muzicala a U.C.M.R., 1984. * Brediceanu, M. et al. 1997. ''Celebrating George Enescu: A Symposium''. Washington, D.C.:{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}. * Gheorghiu, V. 1944. ''Un Muzician Genial: George Enescu''{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}. * [[Alain Cophignon|Cophignon, Alain]]. 2006. ''Georges Enesco''. Paris: [[Librairie Arthème Fayard]]. {{ISBN|978-2-213-62321-4}}. Romanian version as ''George Enescu'', translated by Domnica Ilea, Bucharest: Editura Institutului Cultural Român, 2009, {{ISBN|978-973-577-578-0}}. * Cosma, Viorel. 2000. ''George Enescu: A Tragic Life in Pictures''. Bucharest: The [[Romanian Cultural Foundation]] Publishing House. * Malcolm, Noel. 1990. ''George Enescu: His Life and Music'', with a preface by [[Sir Yehudi Menuhin]]. London: Toccata Press. {{ISBN|0-907689-32-9}} (cloth); {{ISBN|0-907689-33-7}} (pbk) * Malcolm, Noel. 2001. "Enescu, George." ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', second edition, edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] and [[John Tyrrell (professor of music)|John Tyrrell]]. London: Macmillan Publishers. * {{cite book | first=Don Michael | last=Randel | title=The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music | location=Cambridge | publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year=1996 | isbn=978-0-67437-299-3}} * Roth, Henry (1997). ''Violin Virtuosos: From Paganini to the 21st Century''. Los Angeles, CA: California Classics Books. {{ISBN|1-879395-15-0}} * Slonimsky, Nicolas (ed.). 2001. "Georges Enesco." ''[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]]''. Centennial Edition. New York: Schirmer Books. * [[Andrei Tudor|Tudor, Andrei]]. 1957. "Enescu". Bucharest: Foreign Languages Pub. House [OCLC https://www.worldcat.org/title/1029409] * Voicana, Mircea. 1971. “Anii de formare: Copilăria (1881–1888); Studiile la Viena (1888–1894)”. In ''George Enescu: Monografie''. 2 vols, edited by Mircea Voicana, 1: 7–129 (part 1, chapters 1–2). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. * Voicana, Mircea (ed.) 1976. ''Enesciana, I''. {{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}. (in Fr., Ger., and Eng.)

==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=George Enescu}} * [http://www.thirteen.org/publicarts/violin/enesco.html Legendary Violinists] * [http://www.enescusociety.org/ International Enescu Society] * [http://www.soundfountain.org/rem/remenes.html Georges Enesco's Profile at The Remington Site: his Continental Bach Recordings and Remington Recordings plus a survey of Sonatas & Partitas in the 1950s] * [http://www.festivalenescu.ro/ International Festival and Competition "George Enescu"] * {{IMSLP | id=Enescu%2C_George | cname=Enescu}} * {{ChoralWiki}} * [http://www.baroquemusic.org/chailleyenesco.html A page on the closely linked lives of Enescu and Chailley] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010405023220/http://www.geocities.com/enesco_georges/index.html Another site, with a helpful timeline] * [http://www.enescu.de/en/enescu.php Pascal Bentoiu: George Enescu, the composer] * [http://www.baroquecds.com/9047Web.html Reissue of the complete Bach clavier concertos conducted by Enesco on 4 CDs] * [http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2005/May05/Enescu_part1.htm Review on Musicweb-International by Evan Dickerson of available recordings featuring Enescu's compositions (updated May 2005)] * [http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2005/July05/Enescu2.htm Review on Musicweb-International by Evan Dickerson of Enescu's recordings as a performer (violinist, conductor & pianist)(updated July 2005)] * [http://virtualromania.org/music/folk/songs/012.%20George%20Enescu%20-%20Rapsodia%20Romana%20(Romanian%20Rhapsody%20No.1).mp3 Romanian Rhapsody No.1] * [http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/enescu-octet.htm Georges Enescu Octet in C, Op.7 sound-bites and short bio]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enescu, George}} [[Category:1881 births]] [[Category:1955 deaths]] [[Category:People from Botoșani County]] [[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)]] [[Category:Members of the Senate of Romania]] [[Category:Composers for piano]] [[Category:20th-century Romanian classical composers]] [[Category:20th-century Romanian male composers]] [[Category:Romanian opera composers]] [[Category:Male classical violinists]] [[Category:Romanian male classical composers]] [[Category:Male classical pianists]] [[Category:National Renaissance Front politicians]] [[Category:20th-century Romanian classical pianists]] [[Category:20th-century Romanian classical violinists]] [[Category:Romanian male conductors (music)]] [[Category:Romanian conductors (music)]] [[Category:University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna alumni]] [[Category:Conservatoire de Paris alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of the École Normale de Musique de Paris]] [[Category:Titular members of the Romanian Academy]] [[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]] [[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]] [[Category:String quartet composers]] [[Category:20th-century male pianists]] [[Category:People who lost Romanian citizenship]]