George Washington Gatchell

{{short description|United States Army general}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = | name = George Washington Gatchell | honorific_suffix = | image = George W. Gatchell.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | other_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1865|02|22}} | birth_place = Rhode Island, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|1939|02|04|1865|02|22}} | death_place = San Diego, California, United States | burial_label = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates =  | allegiance = {{flag|United States}} | branch = {{army|United States}} | service_years = 1887–1919 | service_years_label = | rank = 25px Brigadier General | rank_label = | service_number = 0-13406 | unit = 25px Field Artillery Branch 25px Coast Artillery Corps | commands = 31st Heavy Artillery Brigade 75th Coast Artillery Regiment | battles_label = | battles = Sioux Wars Spanish–American War World War I {{*}}Second Battle of the Marne {{*}}Third Battle of the Aisne {{*}}Meuse-Argonne Offensive | awards = | memorials = | spouse = | children = | relations = Oscar James Gatchell (son) | other_work = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | module = }} Brigadier General '''George Washington Gatchell''' (February 22, 1865 – February 4, 1939) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in several conflicts, including the Sioux Wars, Spanish–American War, and World War I.<ref>{{cite web | title=George W. Gatchell | url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Army/USMA/Cullums_Register/3186*.html | website=penelope.uchicago.edu | access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>

==Military career== Gatchell was born in Rhode Island on February 22, 1865. He graduated, 13th in a class of 64, from the United States Military Academy in June 1887 and was commissioned into the United States Army Field Artillery Branch.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=139}}{{sfn|Marquis Who's Who|1975|p=197–198}} Among his classmates included several men who would later rise to the rank of brigadier general or higher in their military careers. They included: Charles B. Wheeler, Edward C. Young, Richmond P. Davis, Edgar Russel, George O. Squier, Ernest Hinds, Charles H. Martin, P. D. Lochridge, Nathaniel F. McClure, William C. Rivers, William Weigel, Thomas G. Hanson, Herman Hall, Marcus D. Cronin, Alexander L. Dade, Charles S. Farnsworth, Charles Gerhardt, James T. Dean, Ulysses G. McAlexander, Edmund Wittenmyer, Frederic D. Evans, Michael J. Lenihan, Mark L. Hersey and Frank H. Albright.

After serving in the 5th Field Artillery Regiment, Gatchell transferred to the Coast Artillery. He participated in the Sioux Wars between 1890 and 1891 and he taught at Vermont Academy from 1981 to 1895 as a professor of Military Science. Gatchell served with the Siege Artillery in Ybor City in 1898, during the Spanish–American War. He oversaw mortar-firing tests in Portland, Maine, between 1901 and 1902, and in the latter year, he went to Cuba.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=139}} In the winter of 1905 and 1906, Gatchell, participated in a march from Fort Riley to Fort Sam Houston.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=139–140}} He commanded Fort Rosecrans and the San Diego District in 1907 and Fort Strong in 1910. After serving with the Rhode Island National Guard from 1911 to 1915 as an instructor and inspector, Gatchell commanded Fort Williams in Maine, along with Portland's defenses, between 1915 and January 1918.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=140}}{{sfn|Marquis Who's Who|1975|p=197–198}}

Gatchell was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on August 17, 1917, over four months after the American entry into World War I. He participated in World War I in France as part of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), commanding the 31st Heavy Artillery Brigade from March 1918. In August, he became the Chief of Artillery of the Third Corps. During his time in France, he participated in the Second Battle of the Marne, the Third Battle of the Aisne, and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the largest battle in the history of the United States Army.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=140}}

After the war, due to the downsizing of the army, Gatchell reverted to his permanent rank of colonel. After commanding the embarkation camp in Pauillac, he went to the Washington, D.C., area and commanded Fort Howard and Baltimore's harbor defenses. Gatchell retired on December 6, 1919.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=140}}{{sfn|Marquis Who's Who|1975|p=197–198}}

Congress restored Gatchell's brigadier general rank in June 1930, and he died in San Diego on February 4, 1939.{{sfn|Davis|1998|p=140}}<ref>{{cite news | title=GEN. G.W. GATCHELL DIES IN THE WEST; Commander of 31st Artillery in France Succumbs at San Diego Naval Hospital at 73 FOUGHT AGAINST INDIANS Saw Action in Bad Lands and Served in Spanish–American War--Retired in 1919 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/02/05/archives/gen-gw-gatchell-dies-in-the-west-commander-of-31st-artillery-in.html | date=February 5, 1939 | newspaper=The New York Times | access-date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>{{sfn|Marquis Who's Who|1975|p=197–198}}

==Awards== *Indian Campaign Medal *Spanish War Service Medal *Victory Medal with three campaign stars

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Bibliography== *{{cite book |last=Davis |first=Henry Blaine Jr. |date=1998 |title=Generals in Khaki |location=Raleigh, North Carolina |publisher=Pentland Press |isbn=1571970886|oclc=40298151}} *{{cite book |author=Marquis Who's Who |date=1975 |title=Who Was Who In American History – The Military |location=Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |isbn=0837932017|oclc=}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatchell, George Washington}} Category:1865 births Category:1939 deaths Category:United States Army Field Artillery Branch personnel Category:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps personnel Category:Military personnel from Rhode Island Category:Military personnel from San Diego Category:United States Army generals of World War I Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War Category:United States Army generals Category:United States Army personnel of the Indian Wars