George Garrard

{{EngvarB|date=October 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}} thumb|300px|''Hunter and Huntsman'', 1785, Indianapolis Museum of Art.

'''George Garrard''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|ARA}} (31 May 1760 – 8 October 1826) was an English animal, landscape and portrait painter, modeller, sculptor, engraver and printmaker. He played a major role in lobbying Parliament to introduce legislation to protect the copyright of works by modellers of animal and human figures.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Garrard, George}}</ref>

==Life and work== [[File:George Garrard, Whitbread Brewery in Chiswell Street (1792).jpg|thumb|Whitbread's Brewery in Chiswell Street (1792)]] [[File:The Ninth Duke of Hamilton etc.jpg|thumb|The 9th Duke of Hamilton and Brandon on a Cover Hack (wood engraving after Garrard, 1797)]] Garrard came from a family of artists, tracing his descent back to Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (c. 1561/62–1636) who was a painter to Queen Elizabeth I of England and her successor Anne of Denmark.<ref>Gilbey, 1900, p. 176.</ref> He studied art first under a well-known drawing-master called Joseph Simpson,<ref>Gilbey, 1900, p. 177.</ref> then with Sawrey Gilpin, and in 1778 became a student of the Royal Academy, where, in 1781, he first exhibited some pictures of horses and dogs. Three years later he sent with other pictures a "View of a Brewhouse Yard", which attracted the notice of Sir Joshua Reynolds, who commissioned him to paint a similar picture. In 1793 he exhibited "Sheep-shearing at Aston Clinton, Buckinghamshire", but early in 1795 it occurred to him that (plaster) models of cattle might be useful to landscape painters, and from this time he combined painting with modelling.<ref>[http://www.bahs.org.uk/24n1a2.pdf George Garrard's Livestock Models] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112219/http://www.bahs.org.uk/24n1a2.pdf |date=16 July 2011 }} (British Agricultural History Society - 30 August 2010).</ref> This led Garrard in 1797, with the concurrence of the Royal Academy and some of the leading sculptors of the day, to petition parliament in support of a bill for securing copyright on the works of modellers of human and animal figures. This resulted in the Copyright Act 1798 (38 Geo. 3. c. 71) - "An Act for encouraging the Art of making new Models and Casts of Busts, and other Things therein mentioned" ("The Models and Busts act"). Now, for the first time, British copyright law provided protection for a medium other than print.<ref>[http://www.copyrighthistory.org/cgi-bin/kleioc/0010/exec/ausgabe/%22uk_1798%22 The Models and Busts Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725200132/http://www.copyrighthistory.org/cgi-bin/kleioc/0010/exec/ausgabe/%22uk_1798%22 |date=25 July 2011 }} (Arts & Humanities Research Council - 30 August 2010).</ref>

In 1800 Garrard was elected an associate of the Royal Academy, and in the same year he published a folio volume with coloured plates, ''"A Description of the different varieties of Oxen common in the British Isles''.<ref>''A Description of the different varieties of Oxen common in the British Isles, embellished with engravings; being an accompaniment to a set of models of the improved breeds of Cattle, executed by George Garrard, upon an exact scale from nature, under the patronage of the Board of Agriculture'' (or "Prints of improved British Cattle").</ref> In 1802 he exhibited "A Peasant attacked by Wolves in the Snow" but after 1804 he appears to have restricted himself almost entirely to sculpture and modelling.

Garrard painted both in oil and watercolours, and contributed also to the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy busts, medallions, bas-reliefs, and groups of animals, such as "Fighting Bulls" and "An Elk pursued by Wolves", sometimes in marble or bronze, but more often in plaster. He exhibited in all 215 works at the Royal Academy, besides a few others at the British Institution and the Society of British Artists. He painted a large picture called "Woburn Sheep-shearing in 1804" and containing eighty-eight portraits of agricultural celebrities of the time (it was hung at one time in Woburn Abbey). The picture was engraved in aquatint by the artist himself.

He died at Queen's Buildings, Brompton, London, on the morning of Sunday 8 October 1826, while kneeling to pray in a church alongside his family. A chronological list of his paintings can be found in Walter Gilbey's ''Animal Painters'', volume 1 (see "further reading").

==Family==

Garrard married Matilda Gilpin, the eldest daughter of his mentor Sawrey Gilpin.<ref>[http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5152930 Biography of Sawrey Gilpin] (Christies - 30 August 2010).</ref>

==Sculptural works==

*Bust of Benjamin West (1803) exhibited at RA *Bust of Henry Holland (1803) at Woburn Abbey *Bust of Thomas Adkin (1803) at Southill, Bedfordshire *Bust of Sir Joseph Banks (1804) at Burghley House *Bust of Henry Holland (1806) at Southill, Bedfordshire *Bust of Sawrey Gilpin (1806) at Burghley House *Bust of the Earl of Egremont (1807) at Petworth *Bust of Charles James Fox (1807) at Uppark *Terracotta bust of Pitt (1808) in the Fitzwilliam Museum *Bust of Humphrey Repton (1810) exhibited at RA *Bust of William Wilberforce (1810) exhibited at RA *Bust of Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1813) in the Soane Museum

==References== {{reflist}}

;Attribution {{DNB|wstitle=Garrard, George}}

==Further reading== *Gilbey, Sir Walter. ''[https://archive.org/details/animalpaintersof01gilb Animal painters of England from the year 1650, volume 1]'' (London: Vinton & Co., 1900) pp. 176–189.

==External links== {{commons category}} * {{Art UK bio}} *[http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/garrard_george.html George Garrard online] (ArtCyclopedia) *[http://www.artnet.com/artist/20701/george-garrard.html George Garrard], Artnet * [http://www.racollection.org.uk/ixbin/indexplus?_IXACTION_=file&_IXFILE_=templates/full/person.html&_IXTRAIL_=Academicians&person=5679 Profile], Royal Academy of Arts Collections *[http://www.bridgemanartondemand.com/artist/2364/George_Garrard Paintings by G. Garrard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310172241/http://www.bridgemanartondemand.com/artist/2364/George_Garrard |date=10 March 2012 }} (Bridgeman Art Library) *[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp52222/george-garrard Portraits published by George Garrard] (National Portrait Gallery, London) *[http://www.bridgemanartondemand.com/art/106647/Loading_the_Drays_at_Whitbread_Brewery_Chiswell_Street_London Loading the Drays at Whitbread Brewery, Chiswell Street, London, 1783] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911043402/http://www.bridgemanartondemand.com/art/106647/Loading_the_Drays_at_Whitbread_Brewery_Chiswell_Street_London |date=11 September 2009 }} *[http://artprints.leeds.gov.uk/artist/2364/George_Garrard/images Portraits by George Garrard] (Leeds Art Gallery - 30 August 2010)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garrard, George}} Category:18th-century English painters Category:English male painters Category:19th-century English painters Category:English watercolourists Category:English illustrators Category:English sculptors Category:English male sculptors Category:18th-century English engravers Category:Equine artists Category:English landscape artists Category:English portrait painters Category:British lobbyists Category:1760 births Category:1826 deaths Category:19th-century English sculptors Category:Associates of the Royal Academy Category:19th-century English male artists Category:18th-century English male artists Category:19th-century English engravers