George Croil

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox military person |name= George Croil |birth_date={{birth date|1893|06|05}} |death_date={{death date and age|1959|04|08|1893|06|05}} |birth_place=Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |death_place=Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |image= Air Marshal George Croil.jpg |caption= Croil in full dress uniform |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|British Empire}} {{flag|Canada|1921}} |service_years= 1914–1944 |rank= Air Marshal |branch= {{army|UK}} {{flagicon|Canada|air force-1924}} Royal Canadian Air Force |commands= |unit= |battles= World War I World War II |awards= Commander of the Order of the British Empire Air Force Cross |other_work= }} Air Marshal '''George Mitchell Croil''' CBE, AFC (June 5, 1893 – April 8, 1959) was an American-born Canadian Royal Flying Corps pilot during World War I who went on to become the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Croil resigned as CAS in 1940 and then served as Inspector-General of the RCAF until his retirement in 1944, when the post of Inspector General was abolished.<ref>[http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2005/05/godfrey-of-the-rcaf/ Godfrey of the RCAF]</ref><ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1940/1940%20-%201921.html Flight Global]</ref><ref name="Juno Beach">[http://www.junobeach.org/e/3/can-pep-can-croil-e.htm#null Juno Beach]</ref>

==Early life== Croil was born on June 5, 1893, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His parents, Thomas Croil and Christian Mitchell, were Scottish immigrants to the United States. Croil was a first cousin of US Major General Billy Mitchell, who, like Croil, was a pioneer of military aviation in the US.<ref name="AFA">[http://airforce.ca/magazine/last-postings/a-f/ RCAF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118020958/http://airforce.ca/magazine/last-postings/a-f/ |date=2012-01-18 }}</ref>

When Croil was 11 years old, his family moved to Canada and settled in Montreal, Quebec, where he attended Westmount Academy from 1903 to 1907. From 1907 to 1911, Croil lived in Scotland, studying at Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen. Remaining in Great Britain, Croil studied Civil Engineering and was chartered as an engineer 1912.<ref name="AFA"/>

In 1912 Croil moved to Ratnapura, Ceylon where he gained employment as an assistant superintendent with the Mahawale Tea and Rubber Estate until 1914, where he maintained machinery and supervised workers.<ref name="AFA"/>

==World War I== With the outbreak of World War I, Croil enlisted in the Gordon Highlanders as a private soldier.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1940/1940%20-%200218.html?search=croil Flight Global]</ref> He was soon commissioned, serving as a machine gun officer in the 5th Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders. In January 1915, he received an acting promotion to captain and took up duties as a company commander.<ref name="AFA"/>

In May 1916, Croil was detached to the Royal Flying Corps and undertook a two-month period of flying training. On successfully completing the course and receiving his pilot's wings in July 1916, Croil was seconded from the Gordon Highlanders to the Royal Flying Corps with the temporary rank of captain.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29715/supplements/8252 London Gazette]</ref><ref name="AFA"/>

==Interwar service== Croil became a member of the Canadian Air Board in June 1920 and played a key role in the establishment of air bases at Morley and High River in Alberta.<ref name="AFA"/> He went on to become one of the founding officers of the Royal Canadian Air Force at the time of its establishment in 1924. Although the RCAF was described as an air force and had a separate rank structure in line with the Royal Air Force of Great Britain, it was under the authority of the Canadian Army. The following year, in 1925, Croil was posted to Britain where he served as a liaison officer with the RAF. Croil also took a course of training at the RAF Staff College, Andover.<ref name="Juno Beach"/>

Returning to Canada by 1928, Croil was appointed Station Commander of RCAF Station Borden in Ontario, which, at that time, was one of the very few RCAF training bases. Returning to Britain for further advanced training, Croil attended the Imperial Defence College. Crossing back across the Atlantic once more in 1934, Croil was appointed Senior Air Officer with the RCAF, making him the head of the RCAF. In 1938, Croil succeeded in ensuring the RCAF's separation from the Army, and his post was upgraded to Chief of the Air Staff as a result. He also reported directly to the Minister of National Defence.<ref name="AFA"/>

==World War II and later life== [[File:KingAircraftInspection1940.jpg|thumb|Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King inspecting No. 110 (City of Toronto) Squadron, R.C.A.F. The aircraft in the background is Westland 'Lysander' II 417. [L-R]: Hon. T.A. Crerar, Air Marshal G.M. Croil, Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King, W/C W.D. Van Vliet, Hon. Norman Rogers, 13 January 1940.]]

Croil remained as Chief of the Air Staff until 1940 when he was forced to resign after a falling out with Charles Gavan Power, then-Minister of Defence for Air.<ref>{{cite web |title=CROIL, George Mitchell |url=https://www.rcafassociation.ca/lastpostings/croil-george-mitchell/ |website=Royal Canadian Air Force Association |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en-CA}}</ref> Power was replaced two months later following Croil's resignation.<ref name="Juno Beach"/> Croil then served as the Inspector-General of the Royal Canadian Air Force until 1944.

Croil died on April 8, 1959, in Vancouver, British Columbia.<ref name="Juno Beach"/>

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==External links== *[http://www.junobeach.org/e/3/can-pep-can-croil-e.htm#null Juno Beach Centre – Air Vice-Marshal G.M. Croil] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118020958/http://airforce.ca/magazine/last-postings/a-f/ Air Force Association of Canada – Air Marshal George Mitchell Croil, CBE, AFC, MiD and Cde (Fr)] *[https://archive.today/20121216050126/http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/16w-16e/nr-sp/index-eng.asp?id=279 Canadian Air Force – Half a Century of Croil Hall]

{{s-start}} {{s-mil}} |- {{s-break}} {{s-vac|unknown}} {{s-ttl|title=Station Commander of Camp Borden|years=1928–1932}} {{s-vac|unknown}} |- {{s-bef|before=G O Johnson}} {{s-ttl|title=Senior Air Officer|years=1934–1938}} {{s-non|reason=Title discontinued Service head upgraded to Chief of the Air Staff}} |- {{s-new|reason=RCAF became an independent service}} {{s-ttl|title=Chief of the Air Staff|years=1938–1940}} {{s-aft|after=L S Breadner}} |- {{s-break}} {{s-vac|unknown}} {{s-ttl|title=Inspector-General of the Royal Canadian Air Force|years=1940–1944}} {{s-non|reason=Post abolished}} |- {{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Croil, George}} Category:1893 births Category:1959 deaths Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:Military personnel from Milwaukee Category:People educated at Robert Gordon's College Category:Gordon Highlanders officers Category:Royal Flying Corps officers Category:Royal Canadian Air Force air marshals of World War II Category:Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) Category:Gordon Highlanders soldiers Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies Category:American emigrants to Canada