George Baron

{{Short description|Anglo-American mathematician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} '''George Baron''' (died June 18, 1818) was a mathematician who emigrated from Northumberland, England to Hallowell, Maine in the United States, thereafter moving to New York. He was the first superintendent and mathematics professor at what would become the United States Military Academy in 1801<ref>{{cite book |last1=Park |first1=Roswell |title=A Sketch of the History and Topography of West Point and the U. S. Military Academy |url=https://archive.org/details/sketchofhistoryt00park |year=1840 |location=Philadelphia |page=[https://archive.org/details/sketchofhistoryt00park/page/138 138] }}</ref> and the founder and editor-in-chief of the ''Mathematical Correspondent'', which was the first American "specialized scientific journal"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wagoner Jr. |first1=Jennings L. |last2=McDonald |first2=Christine Coalwell |editor1-first=Robert M.S. |editor1-last=McDonald |title=Thomas Jefferson's Military Academy: Founding West Point. |year=2004 |publisher=University of Virginia Press |isbn=0-8139-2298-4 |page=151 n. 45 |chapter=Mr. Jefferson's Academy: An Educational Interpretation. }}</ref> and the first American mathematics journal, first published May 1, 1804.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cajori |first1=Florian|author-link1=Florian Cajori |title=The Teaching and History of Mathematics in the United States. |url=https://archive.org/details/teachingandhist03cajogoog |year=1890 |publisher=Government Printing Office |location=Washington|page=[https://archive.org/details/teachingandhist03cajogoog/page/n100 94]}}</ref>

Baron was first offered the position at the fledgling academy at West Point, New York by the newly elected United States President Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of War Henry Dearborn, a friend of Baron's who had lived near him in Maine. After agreeing upon salary and perks, instruction began on September 21, 1801 employing the use of Charles Hutton's ''A Course in Mathematics'' and a blackboard, the first recorded use of the latter in America. In October, there was a disagreement between Baron and one of the cadets, Joseph Gardner Swift. Swift was called upon to apologize and was reprimanded for the language he employed against Baron, but went on to become the Military Academy's first graduate, and later a Brigadier General. For a variety of reasons, Baron was court-martialled in December, and Major Jonathan Williams became the supervisor and Captain William Amherst Barron became the instructor of mathematics. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Rickey |first=V. Frederick |author2=Amy Shell-Gellasch |author2-link=Amy Shell-Gellasch|year=2008 |title=Mathematics Education at West Point: The First Hundred Years |journal=Loci |volume=1 |publisher=National Science Digital Library and Mathematical Association of America |editor1-first=Victor J. |editor1-last=Katz |editor1-link=Victor J. Katz |editor2-first=Frank J. |editor2-last=Swertz|issn=1941-9198 |access-date=14 Jan 2011 |url=http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/46/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=2590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803041608/http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/46/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=2590 |archive-date=3 August 2008 }}</ref>

Baron became a teacher of mathematics in New York City, there joining the Deistical Society of New York,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=John |title=A Full Exposition of the Clintonian Faction |url=https://archive.org/details/fullexpositionof00wood|date= September 1802 |location=Newark |page=[https://archive.org/details/fullexpositionof00wood/page/31 31] }}</ref> a deist group led by Elihu Palmer that came to public attention in the course of a pamphlet war between supporters of United States Vice President Aaron Burr and supporters of then United States Senator from New York DeWitt Clinton.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Baker|first=Thomas N.|year=2008|title=Speculations on the Genealogy of Deism in New York, 1700–1850|journal=New York History|volume=89|issue=1|publisher=New York State Historical Association|issn=0146-437X|access-date=14 Jan 2011|url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/nyh/89.1/baker.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328215103/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/nyh/89.1/baker.html|archive-date=2010-03-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * {{cite web|url=http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/DeptHeads/Baron-George.htm|title=George Baron.|first=V. Frederick|last=Rickey|publisher=Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712010112/http://www.math.usma.edu/people/Rickey/dms/DeptHeads/Baron-George.htm|archive-date=2010-07-12|access-date=14 Jan 2011|url-status=dead}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baron, George}} Category:English mathematicians Category:19th-century American mathematicians Category:English emigrants to the United States Category:1818 deaths Category:People from Hallowell, Maine Category:18th-century births