Geography of Oregon

{{Short description|none}}  [[File:Crater Lake - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Crater Lake]]

Oregon is {{convert|295|mi|km|0}} north to south at longest distance, and {{convert|395|mi|km|0}} east to west. With an area of {{convert|98381|sqmi|km2}}, Oregon is slightly larger than the United Kingdom. It is the ninth largest state in the United States.<ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/GCTPH1R.US01PR Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density (geographies ranked by total population).] U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2013.</ref> Oregon's highest point is the summit of Mount Hood, at {{convert|11249|ft|m|0}}, and its lowest point is the sea level of the Pacific Ocean along the Oregon Coast.<ref name=usgs>{{cite web |date = April 29, 2005 |url = https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title = Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher = U.S. Geological Survey |access-date = November 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archive-date = October 15, 2011 }}</ref> Oregon's mean elevation is {{convert|3300|ft|m|0}}. Crater Lake National Park, the state's only national park, is the site of the deepest lake in the United States at {{convert|1943|ft|m|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |title = Crater Lake National Park |publisher = U.S. National Park Service |url = https://www.nps.gov/crla/index.htm |access-date = November 22, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150702015100/http://www.nps.gov/crla/index.htm |archive-date = July 2, 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> Oregon claims the D River as the shortest river in the world,<ref name="driver">{{cite web |url = http://www.oregonstateparks.org/park_214.php |title = D River State Recreation Site |website = Oregon Parks and Recreation Department |access-date = May 11, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070418091225/http://www.oregonstateparks.org/park_214.php |archive-date = April 18, 2007 |url-status = live }}</ref> though the state of Montana makes the same claim of its Roe River.<ref name="roeriver">{{cite web |url = http://montanakids.com/db_engine/presentations/presentation.asp?pid=192 |title = World's Shortest River |website = Travel Montana |access-date = May 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070702003456/http://montanakids.com/db_engine/presentations/presentation.asp?pid=192 |archive-date = July 2, 2007 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Oregon is also home to Mill Ends Park (in Portland),<ref name="pp&r">{{cite web |url = http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=265&action=ViewPark |title = Mill Ends Park |website = Portland Parks and Recreation |access-date = May 11, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120515141102/http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=265&action=ViewPark |archive-date = May 15, 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref> the smallest park in the world at {{convert|452|sqin|m2|2}}.

Oregon is split into eight geographical regions. In Western Oregon: Oregon Coast (west of the Coast Range), the Willamette Valley, Rogue Valley, Cascade Range and Klamath Mountains; and in Central and Eastern Oregon: the Columbia Plateau, the High Desert, and the Blue Mountains.

Oregon lies in two time zones. Most of Malheur County is in the Mountain Time Zone, while the rest of the state lies in the Pacific Time Zone.

==Geology and terrain==

{{See also|Geology of Oregon|List of rivers in Oregon|List of Oregon mountain ranges|List of Oregon state parks}} [[File:Mt. Hood (8081466807).jpg|thumb|left|Mount Hood is the highest peak in Oregon.]]

Western Oregon's mountainous regions, home to three of the most prominent mountain peaks of the United States including Mount Hood, were formed by the volcanic activity of the Juan de Fuca Plate, a tectonic plate that poses a continued threat of volcanic activity and earthquakes in the region. The most recent major activity was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Major Earthquake in the Pacific Northwest Looks Even Likelier |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/08/a-major-earthquake-in-the-pacific-northwest-just-got-more-likely/495407/ |work=The Atlantic |date=August 16, 2016 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902173553/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/08/a-major-earthquake-in-the-pacific-northwest-just-got-more-likely/495407/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Washington's Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, an event visible from northern Oregon and affecting some areas there.<ref>{{cite news |title = Oregon volcano may be warming up for an eruption |work = Christian Science Monitor |date = March 27, 1980 |author = Ray, Dewey |url = https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0327/032754.html |access-date = October 31, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120629144823/http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0327/032754.html |archive-date = June 29, 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref>

The Columbia River, which forms much of Oregon's northern border, also played a major role in the region's geological evolution, as well as its economic and cultural development. The Columbia is one of North America's largest rivers, and one of two rivers to cut through the Cascades (the Klamath River in southern Oregon is the other). About 15,000 years ago, the Columbia repeatedly flooded much of Oregon during the Missoula Floods; the modern fertility of the Willamette Valley is largely the result. Plentiful salmon made parts of the river, such as Celilo Falls, hubs of economic activity for thousands of years.

Today, Oregon's landscape varies from rain forest in the Coast Range to barren desert in the southeast, which still meets the technical definition of a frontier. Oregon's geographical center is further west than any of the other 48 contiguous states (although the westernmost point of the lower 48 states is in Washington). Central Oregon's geographical features range from high desert and volcanic rock formations resulting from lava beds. The Oregon Badlands Wilderness is in this region of the state.<ref>{{cite book |title = Congressional Record Vol. 155 Part 1: Proceedings and Debates of the 111th Congress: First Session |publisher = Government Printing Office |page = 935 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I4OdyBwCpA0C&q=oregon+badlands&pg=PA935 |via = Google Books |access-date = November 18, 2020 |archive-date = February 20, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153252/https://books.google.com/books?id=I4OdyBwCpA0C&q=oregon+badlands&pg=PA935 |url-status = live }} {{Open access}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==

Typical of a western state, Oregon is home to a unique and diverse array of wildlife. Roughly 60 percent of the state is covered in forest,<ref name=forestfacts /> while the areas west of the Cascades are more densely populated by forest, making up around 80 percent of the landscape. Some 60 percent of Oregon's forests are within federal land.<ref name=forestfacts>{{cite web |url = https://www.oregon.gov/ODF/Documents/AboutODF/ForestryFactsFigures.pdf |website = Oregon.gov |title = Oregon's Forests: Some Facts and Figures |series = Forest Figures |date = September 2009 |access-date = May 30, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170819094338/http://www.oregon.gov/ODF/Documents/AboutODF/ForestryFactsFigures.pdf |archive-date = August 19, 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref> Oregon is the top timber producer of the lower 48 states.<ref name="Forest Land Protection Program">{{cite web |title = Forest Land Protection Program |url = http://www.oregon.gov/LCD/pages/forlandprot.aspx |publisher = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |access-date = November 7, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074609/https://www.oregon.gov/LCD/pages/forlandprot.aspx |archive-date = July 8, 2018 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Oregon is top timber producer in worst year">{{cite news |title = Oregon is top timber producer in worst year |url = http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100917/NEWS/9170329/-1/biz |newspaper = Mail Tribune |access-date = September 17, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033227/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20100917%2FNEWS%2F9170329%2F-1%2Fbiz |archive-date = March 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref> * Typical tree species include the Douglas fir (the state tree), as well as redwood, western juniper, ponderosa pine, western red cedar, and hemlock.<ref name="Trees of Oregon's forests">{{cite web |title = Trees of Oregon's forests |url = http://oregonforests.org/content/tree-variety |website = Tree Variety |publisher = Oregon Forest Resources Institute |access-date = December 28, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161205020419/http://oregonforests.org/content/tree-variety |archive-date = December 5, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> The Western Junipers are very abundant in Eastern and Central Oregon, being an essential tree to the area.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Richard |title=Managing Western Juniper for Wildlife |url=https://juniper.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/wildlife.pdf |website=juniper.oregonstate.edu/ |publisher=Washington State University Cooperative Extension |access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref> Ponderosa pine are more common in the Blue Mountains in the eastern part of the state and firs are more common in the west. [[File:Antilocapra americana.jpg|thumb|right|''Antilocapra americana'' (Pronghorn antelope)]]

* Many species of mammals live in the state, which include opossums, shrews, moles, little pocket mice, great basin pocket mice, dark kangaroo mouse, California kangaroo rat, chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, ord's kangaroo rat,<ref>{{cite web |series = Oregon Wildlife Species |url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/pocket_kangaroo_rats_mice.asp#Top |website = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |access-date = November 7, 2016 |title = Mammals: Pocket Mice, Kangaroo Rats and Kangaroo Mouse |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161103001446/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/pocket_kangaroo_rats_mice.asp#Top |archive-date = November 3, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> bats, rabbits, pikas, mountain beavers, chipmunks, squirrels, yellow-bellied marmots, beavers (the state mammal), porcupines, coyotes, wolves, foxes<ref>{{cite web |series = Oregon Wildlife Species |title = Mammals: Coyotes, wolves and foxes |url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/coyotes_wolves_foxes.asp#Top |website = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |access-date = November 8, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161024234949/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/coyotes_wolves_foxes.asp#Top |archive-date = October 24, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> black bears, raccoons, badgers, skunks, antelopes, cougars, bobcats, lynxes, deer, elk, and moose. * Marine mammals include seals, sea lions, humpback whales, killer whales, gray whales, blue whales, sperm whales, pacific white-sided dolphins, and bottlenose dolphins.<ref>{{cite web |series = Oregon Wildlife Species |title = Mammals: Whale, dolphin and porpoise |website = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/whale_dolphin_porpois.asp |access-date = November 7, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161118033917/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/mammals/whale_dolphin_porpois.asp |archive-date = November 18, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> * Notable birds include American widgeons, mallard ducks, great blue herons, bald eagles, golden eagles, western meadowlarks (the state bird), barn owls, great horned owls, rufous hummingbirds, pileated woodpeckers, wrens, towhees, sparrows, and buntings.<ref name="Oregon Wildlife Species">{{cite web |title = Oregon Wildlife Species |url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/index.asp |publisher = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |access-date = February 22, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140314070855/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/species/index.asp |archive-date = March 14, 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Moose have not always inhabited the state but came to Oregon in the 1960s; the Wallowa Valley herd numbered about 60 {{as of|2013|lc=y}}.<ref name="Oregon's only moose herd thriving">{{cite news |title = Oregon's only moose herd thriving, up to about 60 |url = http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2013/09/oregons_only_moose_herd_thrivi.html |newspaper = The Oregonian |access-date = September 1, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130904080632/http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2013/09/oregons_only_moose_herd_thrivi.html |archive-date = September 4, 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref> Gray wolves were extirpated from Oregon around 1930 but have since found their way back; most reside in northeast Oregon, with two packs living in the south-central part.<ref name="Wolves in Oregon">{{cite web |title = Wolves in Oregon |url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wolves/ |publisher = ODFW |access-date = February 4, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140301041045/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wolves/ |archive-date = March 1, 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Although their existence in Oregon is unconfirmed, reports of grizzly bears still turn up, and it is probable some still move into eastern Oregon from Idaho.<ref name="Moose enter Oregon, so are grizzlies next?">{{cite web |title = Moose enter Oregon, so are grizzlies next? |url = http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2008/11/01/369722/moose-enter-oregon-so-are-grizzlies.html |publisher = Tri City Herald |access-date = November 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140706062635/http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2008/11/01/369722/moose-enter-oregon-so-are-grizzlies.html |archive-date = July 6, 2014 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Oregon is home to what is considered the largest single organism in the world, an ''Armillaria solidipes'' fungus beneath the Malheur National Forest of eastern Oregon.<ref name=ABCfungus>{{cite web|author=Beale, Bob|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_828525.htm|title=Humungous fungus: world's largest organism?|series=Environment & Nature News|publisher=ABC|date=April 10, 2003|access-date=December 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231042044/http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_828525.htm|archive-date=December 31, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>

Oregon has several National Park System sites, including Crater Lake National Park in the southern part of the Cascades, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument east of the Cascades, Lewis and Clark National Historical Park on the north coast, and Oregon Caves National Monument near the south coast.

==Climate==

{{Main|Climate of Oregon}} [[File:Oregon Köppen.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Köppen climate types in Oregon]] Most of Oregon has a generally mild climate, though there is significant variation given the variety of landscapes across the state.<ref>{{cite book|title= Oregon|author=Hamilton, John|page=14|publisher=ABDO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-680-77443-6}}</ref> The state's western region (west of the Cascade Range) has an oceanic climate, populated by dense evergreen mixed forests. Western Oregon's climate is heavily influenced by the Pacific Ocean; the western third of Oregon is very wet in the winter, moderately to very wet during the spring and fall, and dry during the summer. The relative humidity of Western Oregon is high except during summer days, which are semi-dry to semi-humid; Eastern Oregon typically sees low humidity year-round.<ref name=dri />

The state's southwestern portion, particularly the Rogue Valley, has a Mediterranean climate with drier and sunnier winters and hotter summers, similar to Northern California.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://extension.oregonstate.edu/josephine/sites/default/files/weather_joco_2013_0.pdf |website = Oregon State University |title = Rogue Valley Weather and Climate |author = Jones, Gregory V. |access-date = December 9, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220120357/http://extension.oregonstate.edu/josephine/sites/default/files/weather_joco_2013_0.pdf |archive-date = December 20, 2016 |url-status=dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Oregon's northeastern portion has a steppe climate, and its high terrain regions have a subarctic climate. Like Western Europe, Oregon, and the Pacific Northwest in general, is considered warm for its latitude, and the state has far milder winters at a given elevation than comparable latitudes elsewhere in North America, such as the Upper Midwest, Ontario, Quebec and New England.<ref name=dri>{{cite web |url = http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/OREGON.htm |website = Desert Research Institute |title = Climate of Oregon |access-date = December 10, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221222524/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/OREGON.htm |archive-date = December 21, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> However, the state ranks fifth for coolest summer temperatures of any state in the country, after Maine, Idaho, Wyoming, and Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|website=Current Results|author=Osborn, Liz|url=https://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/coldest-states.php|access-date=December 23, 2017|title=Coldest States in America|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223161002/https://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/coldest-states.php|archive-date=December 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The eastern two thirds of Oregon, which largely comprise high desert, have cold, snowy winters and very dry summers. Much of the east is semiarid to arid like the rest of the Great Basin, though the Blue Mountains are wet enough to support extensive forests. Most of Oregon receives significant snowfall, but the Willamette Valley, where 60 percent of the population lives,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5168/ |title = Ground-Water Hydrology of the Willamette Basin, Oregon |publisher = U.S. Geological Survey |website = Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5168 |author1 = Conlon T.D. |author2 = Wozniak, K.C. |author3 = Woodcock, D. |author4 = Herrera, N.B. |author5 = Fisher, B.J. |author6 = Morgan, D.S. |author7 = Lee, K.K. |author8 = Hinkle, S.R. |name-list-style = amp |year = 2005 |access-date = February 19, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220044838/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5168/ |archive-date = February 20, 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref> has considerably milder winters for its latitude and typically sees only light snowfall.<ref name=dri />

Oregon's highest recorded temperature is {{convert|119|F|C}} at Pendleton on August 10, 1898, and the lowest recorded temperature is {{convert|-54|F|C}} at Seneca on February 10, 1933.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boone |first=Mary |title=Uniquely Oregon |location=Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Heinemann Library |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4034-4659-6 |page=9}}</ref>

===Climate data===

{{Weather box |location = Portland (Köppen Csb/Csa){{efn|Recorded at (PDX), 1991–2020 normals, snow days 1981-2010, extremes 1940–present}}{{efn|Official records for Portland have been kept at PDX since October 13, 1940.<ref name = ThreadExPortland>[http://threadex.rcc-acis.org ThreadEx]</ref> In January 1996, snow measurements for PDX were moved to the NWS Portland office {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on}} to the east at 5241 NE 122nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97230-1089.<ref name = "PDX monthly+seasonal snow">{{cite web|title=AIRPORT Portland: Monthly and Seasonal Snowfall (inches)|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/pdxclimate/pg98.pdf|publisher=NWS Portland, OR|access-date=June 22, 2014}}</ref>}} |collapsed = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan high F = 47.5 | Feb high F = 51.5 | Mar high F = 56.8 | Apr high F = 62.0 | May high F = 69.3 | Jun high F = 74.3 | Jul high F = 81.9 | Aug high F = 82.3 | Sep high F = 76.7 | Oct high F = 64.4 | Nov high F = 53.5 | Dec high F = 46.9 | year high F = 63.9 | Jan low F = 36.2 | Feb low F = 36.8 | Mar low F = 39.7 | Apr low F = 43.7 | May low F = 49.4 | Jun low F = 54.1 | Jul low F = 58.5 | Aug low F = 58.9 | Sep low F = 54.1 | Oct low F = 46.7 | Nov low F = 40.6 | Dec low F = 36.2 | year low F = 46.2 |Jan avg record high F = 58.1 |Feb avg record high F = 60.1 |Mar avg record high F = 69.6 |Apr avg record high F = 78.4 |May avg record high F = 86.8 |Jun avg record high F = 91.7 |Jul avg record high F = 96.7 |Aug avg record high F = 96.7 |Sep avg record high F = 91.2 |Oct avg record high F = 77.6 |Nov avg record high F = 63.8 |Dec avg record high F = 58.3 |year avg record high F=100.0 |Jan avg record low F = 25.1 |Feb avg record low F = 25.9 |Mar avg record low F = 30.4 |Apr avg record low F = 34.8 |May avg record low F = 40.5 |Jun avg record low F = 47.3 |Jul avg record low F = 52.3 |Aug avg record low F = 51.7 |Sep avg record low F = 45.7 |Oct avg record low F = 35.9 |Nov avg record low F = 29.2 |Dec avg record low F = 24.9 |year avg record low F= 20.8 |Jan record high F = 66 |Feb record high F = 71 |Mar record high F = 80 |Apr record high F = 90 |May record high F = 100 |Jun record high F = 116 |Jul record high F = 107 |Aug record high F = 107 |Sep record high F = 105 |Oct record high F = 92 |Nov record high F = 73 |Dec record high F = 65 |Jan record low F = −2 |Feb record low F = −3 |Mar record low F = 19 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 29 |Jun record low F = 39 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 34 |Oct record low F = 26 |Nov record low F = 13 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 5.03 | Feb precipitation inch = 3.68 | Mar precipitation inch = 3.97 | Apr precipitation inch = 2.89 | May precipitation inch = 2.51 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.63 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.50 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.54 | Sep precipitation inch = 1.52 | Oct precipitation inch = 3.42 | Nov precipitation inch = 5.45 | Dec precipitation inch = 5.77 | year precipitation inch = 36.91 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0 |Nov snow inch = 0.04 |Dec snow inch = 1.3 |Jan snow inch = 1.7 |Feb snow inch = 1.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.1 |Apr snow inch = 0 |May snow inch = 0 |Jun snow inch = 0 |year snow inch= 4.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 18.6 |Feb precipitation days = 15.5 |Mar precipitation days = 17.7 |Apr precipitation days = 17.2 |May precipitation days = 13.0 |Jun precipitation days = 9.1 |Jul precipitation days = 3.6 |Aug precipitation days = 3.6 |Sep precipitation days = 6.6 |Oct precipitation days = 13.5 |Nov precipitation days = 18.3 |Dec precipitation days = 19.2 |year precipitation days=155.8 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.5 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan snow days = 0.7 |Feb snow days = 1.5 |Mar snow days = 0.2 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |year snow days= 4.4 |Jan sun = 85.6 |Jan percentsun = 30 |Feb sun = 116.4 |Feb percentsun = 40 |Mar sun = 191.1 |Mar percentsun = 52 |Apr sun = 221.1 |Apr percentsun = 54 |May sun = 276.1 |May percentsun = 60 |Jun sun = 290.2 |Jun percentsun = 62 |Jul sun = 331.9 |Jul percentsun = 70 |Aug sun = 298.1 |Aug percentsun = 68 |Sep sun = 235.7 |Sep percentsun = 63 |Oct sun = 151.7 |Oct percentsun = 45 |Nov sun = 79.3 |Nov percentsun = 28 |Dec sun = 63.7 |Dec percentsun = 23 |year sun=2340.9 |year percentsun =52 |Jan humidity = 80.9 |Feb humidity = 78.0 |Mar humidity = 74.6 |Apr humidity = 71.6 |May humidity = 68.7 |Jun humidity = 65.8 |Jul humidity = 62.8 |Aug humidity = 64.8 |Sep humidity = 69.4 |Oct humidity = 77.9 |Nov humidity = 81.5 |Dec humidity = 82.7 |year humidity= 73.2 | Jan dew point C = 0.9 | Feb dew point C = 2.3 | Mar dew point C = 3.5 | Apr dew point C = 4.9 | May dew point C = 7.4 | Jun dew point C = 9.9 | Jul dew point C = 11.6 | Aug dew point C = 12.1 | Sep dew point C = 10.4 | Oct dew point C = 7.9 | Nov dew point C = 4.6 | Dec dew point C = 1.7 |Jan uv = 1 |Feb uv = 2 |Mar uv = 3 |Apr uv = 5 |May uv = 6 |Jun uv = 7 |Jul uv = 8 |Aug uv = 7 |Sep uv = 5 |Oct uv = 3 |Nov uv = 2 |Dec uv = 1

|source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity, dewpoint and sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOWDataPortland >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = April 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00024229.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617104829/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00024229.normals.txt |archive-date=2023-06-17 |url-status=dead |title=Station Name: OR PORTLAND INTL AP |access-date=March 13, 2014}}</ref><ref name = PortlandNOAAsun >{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72698.TXT |title = WMO Climate Normals for PORTLAND OR 1961–1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230617103914/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72698.TXT |archive-date = 2023-06-17 |url-status = dead |access-date =July 18, 2020}}</ref> |source 2= Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas Portland">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/oregon-usa/portland-climate |title=Portland, Oregon, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=June 14, 2019 }}</ref> (UV index) }}

{{Weather box | collapsed = yes | location = Salem (Köppen Csb) | single line = yes | Jan high F = 48.4 | Feb high F = 52.1 | Mar high F = 57.8 | Apr high F = 62.6 | May high F = 71.0 | Jun high F = 76.6 | Jul high F = 85.5 | Aug high F = 85.6 | Sep high F = 78.5 | Oct high F = 65.8 | Nov high F = 53.6 | Dec high F = 47.4 | Jan mean F = 42.1 | Feb mean F = 44.0 | Mar mean F = 48.0 | Apr mean F = 51.8 | May mean F = 58.7 | Jun mean F = 63.7 | Jul mean F = 70.3 | Aug mean F = 70.2 | Sep mean F = 64.5 | Oct mean F = 54.8 | Nov mean F = 46.3 | Dec mean F = 41.3 | Jan low F = 35.8 | Feb low F = 35.9 | Mar low F = 38.3 | Apr low F = 41.0 | May low F = 46.3 | Jun low F = 50.8 | Jul low F = 55.1 | Aug low F = 54.8 | Sep low F = 50.6 | Oct low F = 43.9 | Nov low F = 39.0 | Dec low F = 35.1 | Jan record high F = 68 | Feb record high F = 72 | Mar record high F = 80 | Apr record high F = 93 | May record high F = 100 | Jun record high F = 119 | Jul record high F = 108 | Aug record high F = 108 | Sep record high F = 104 | Oct record high F = 93 | Nov record high F = 74 | Dec record high F = 72 | year record high F = 119 | Jan record low F = −10 | Feb record low F = −4 | Mar record low F = 12 | Apr record low F = 23 | May record low F = 25 | Jun record low F = 32 | Jul record low F = 35 | Aug record low F = 30 | Sep record low F = 26 | Oct record low F = 19 | Nov record low F = 9 | Dec record low F = −12 | year record low F = −12 | Jan avg record high F = 59.4 | Feb avg record high F = 61.9 | Mar avg record high F = 70.3 | Apr avg record high F = 77.6 | May avg record high F = 87.3 | Jun avg record high F = 93.8 | Jul avg record high F = 100.1 | Aug avg record high F = 100.4 | Sep avg record high F = 92.6 | Oct avg record high F = 77.8 | Nov avg record high F = 64.1 | Dec avg record high F = 59.0 | year avg record high F = 103.2 | Jan avg record low F = 23.9 | Feb avg record low F = 24.1 | Mar avg record low F = 27.7 | Apr avg record low F = 31.1 | May avg record low F = 35.2 | Jun avg record low F = 41.5 | Jul avg record low F = 47.0 | Aug avg record low F = 46.7 | Sep avg record low F = 41.0 | Oct avg record low F = 32.1 | Nov avg record low F = 26.3 | Dec avg record low F = 21.8 | year avg record low F = 17.7 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 6.08 | Feb precipitation inch = 4.54 | Mar precipitation inch = 4.35 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.12 | May precipitation inch = 2.25 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.25 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.25 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.39 | Sep precipitation inch = 1.46 | Oct precipitation inch = 3.47 | Nov precipitation inch = 5.95 | Dec precipitation inch = 6.97 | year precipitation inch = 40.08 | unit precipitation days = 0.05 in | Jan precipitation days = 13.8 | Feb precipitation days = 11.2 | Mar precipitation days = 11.7 | Apr precipitation days = 9.5 | May precipitation days = 6.3 | Jun precipitation days = 4.2 | Jul precipitation days = 1.1 | Aug precipitation days = 1.5 | Sep precipitation days = 3.2 | Oct precipitation days = 9.4 | Nov precipitation days = 12.2 | Dec precipitation days = 14.1 |Jan sun = 77.6 |Feb sun = 117.9 |Mar sun = 200.3 |Apr sun = 238.1 |May sun = 281.7 |Jun sun = 295.2 |Jul sun = 350.3 |Aug sun = 318.8 |Sep sun = 253.1 |Oct sun = 171.0 |Nov sun = 86.2 |Dec sun = 73.5 | source 1 = NOAA (extremes 1893–present)<ref name="wwwweathergovsalem">{{cite web|title=NOAA Online Weather Data|url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=pqr|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=December 7, 2021}}</ref> }}

{{Weather box | width = auto | location = Eugene (Köppen Csb){{efn|1991–2020 normals. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} | single line = Yes | collapsed = Yes | Jan record high F = 69 | Feb record high F = 78 | Mar record high F = 80 | Apr record high F = 89 | May record high F = 95 | Jun record high F = 111 | Jul record high F = 106 | Aug record high F = 108 | Sep record high F = 103 | Oct record high F = 94 | Nov record high F = 76 | Dec record high F = 68 | year record high F = 111 | Jan avg record high F = 60.2 | Feb avg record high F = 61.9 | Mar avg record high F = 69.8 | Apr avg record high F = 76.3 | May avg record high F = 83.4 | Jun avg record high F = 89.7 | Jul avg record high F = 97.6 | Aug avg record high F = 97.8 | Sep avg record high F = 92.2 | Oct avg record high F = 78.5 | Nov avg record high F = 65.8 | Dec avg record high F = 59.1 | year avg record high F = 100.6 | Jan high F = 48.1 | Feb high F = 51.5 | Mar high F = 56.6 | Apr high F = 61.3 | May high F = 68.1 | Jun high F = 74.2 | Jul high F = 84.0 | Aug high F = 84.3 | Sep high F = 78.0 | Oct high F = 64.9 | Nov high F = 53.2 | Dec high F = 46.8 | year high F = 64.3 | Jan mean F = 41.4 | Feb mean F = 43.3 | Mar mean F = 46.9 | Apr mean F = 50.7 | May mean F = 56.1 | Jun mean F = 60.9 | Jul mean F = 67.8 | Aug mean F = 67.9 | Sep mean F = 62.9 | Oct mean F = 53.4 | Nov mean F = 45.5 | Dec mean F = 40.6 | year mean F = 53.1 | Jan low F = 34.7 | Feb low F = 35.0 | Mar low F = 37.2 | Apr low F = 40.0 | May low F = 44.0 | Jun low F = 47.6 | Jul low F = 51.7 | Aug low F = 51.5 | Sep low F = 47.8 | Oct low F = 41.8 | Nov low F = 37.7 | Dec low F = 34.3 | year low F = 41.9 | Jan avg record low F = 22.7 | Feb avg record low F = 24.6 | Mar avg record low F = 28.5 | Apr avg record low F = 31.8 | May avg record low F = 34.5 | Jun avg record low F = 38.3 | Jul avg record low F = 44.3 | Aug avg record low F = 43.3 | Sep avg record low F = 38.5 | Oct avg record low F = 29.2 | Nov avg record low F = 24.9 | Dec avg record low F = 21.9 | year avg record low F = 17.1 | Jan record low F = −4 | Feb record low F = −3 | Mar record low F = 18 | Apr record low F = 25 | May record low F = 28 | Jun record low F = 32 | Jul record low F = 39 | Aug record low F = 35 | Sep record low F = 30 | Oct record low F = 17 | Nov record low F = 12 | Dec record low F = −10 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 6.05 | Feb precipitation inch = 4.67 | Mar precipitation inch = 4.64 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.32 | May precipitation inch = 2.46 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.23 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.32 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.39 | Sep precipitation inch = 1.39 | Oct precipitation inch = 3.17 | Nov precipitation inch = 5.98 | Dec precipitation inch = 7.21 | year precipitation inch = 40.83 | Jul snow inch = 0 | Aug snow inch = 0 | Sep snow inch = 0 | Oct snow inch = 0 | Nov snow inch = 0.2 | Dec snow inch = 1.5 | Jan snow inch = 0.8 | Feb snow inch = 2.4 | Mar snow inch = trace | Apr snow inch = 0 | May snow inch = 0 | Jun snow inch = 0 | year snow inch = 4.9 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 17.9 | Feb precipitation days = 14.9 | Mar precipitation days = 17.7 | Apr precipitation days = 14.5 | May precipitation days = 11.7 | Jun precipitation days = 7.9 | Jul precipitation days = 3.1 | Aug precipitation days = 3.2 | Sep precipitation days = 5.4 | Oct precipitation days = 11.4 | Nov precipitation days = 17.9 | Dec precipitation days = 17.9 | year precipitation days = 143.5 | unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0 | Nov snow days = 0.1 | Dec snow days = 0.9 | Jan snow days = 0.7 | Feb snow days = 1.2 | Mar snow days = 0.1 | Apr snow days = 0 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 | year snow days = 3.0 |Jan sun = 133.3 |Feb sun = 115.8 |Mar sun = 167.4 |Apr sun = 201 |May sun = 254.2 |Jun sun = 270.0 |Jul sun = 337.9 |Aug sun = 341 |Sep sun = 276.0 |Oct sun = 167.4 |Nov sun = 138.0 |Dec sun = 130.2 | Jan uv =2 | Feb uv =2 | Mar uv =3 | Apr uv =3 | May uv =4 | Jun uv =5 | Jul uv =6 | Aug uv =5 | Sep uv =4 | Oct uv =3 | Nov uv =2 | Dec uv =2 | year uv = | source 1 = NOAA<ref name = EugeneNOAA >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = 2018-04-19}}</ref><ref name="NCDC txt KEUG Eugene">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094224.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014210317/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094224.normals.txt |archive-date=2020-10-14 |url-status=dead |title=Station Name: OR ASTORIA RGNL AP |access-date=2018-04-19}}</ref> |source 2 = Weather Atlas (UV)<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/oregon-usa/eugene-climate | title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Eugene, OR | access-date = August 16, 2022}}</ref> }}

{{Weather box |location = Medford (Köppen Csa) |single line = Yes |collapsed = Yes |Jan high F = 48.2 |Feb high F = 54.2 |Mar high F = 59.4 |Apr high F = 64.6 |May high F = 73.9 |Jun high F = 81.5 |Jul high F = 91.6 |Aug high F = 91.1 |Sep high F = 84.3 |Oct high F = 70.1 |Nov high F = 54.0 |Dec high F = 46.1 |year high F= 68.3 | Jan mean F = 40.4 | Feb mean F = 44.1 | Mar mean F = 48.3 | Apr mean F = 52.8 | May mean F = 60.4 | Jun mean F = 66.9 | Jul mean F = 75.1 | Aug mean F = 74.5 | Sep mean F = 67.7 | Oct mean F = 56.1 | Nov mean F = 45.2 | Dec mean F = 39.4 | year mean F = 55.9 |Jan low F = 32.5 |Feb low F = 33.9 |Mar low F = 37.2 |Apr low F = 41.0 |May low F = 46.9 |Jun low F = 52.3 |Jul low F = 58.6 |Aug low F = 57.9 |Sep low F = 51.2 |Oct low F = 42.1 |Nov low F = 36.4 |Dec low F = 32.6 |year low F= 43.6 | Jan avg record high F = 61.8 | Feb avg record high F = 67.1 | Mar avg record high F = 75.4 | Apr avg record high F = 84.0 | May avg record high F = 91.7 | Jun avg record high F = 100.0 | Jul avg record high F = 104.4 | Aug avg record high F = 104.3 | Sep avg record high F = 99.2 | Oct avg record high F = 86.6 | Nov avg record high F = 68.7 | Dec avg record high F = 60.1 | year avg record high F = 106.5 | Jan avg record low F = 22.1 | Feb avg record low F = 23.7 | Mar avg record low F = 27.1 | Apr avg record low F = 31.3 | May avg record low F = 34.6 | Jun avg record low F = 42.5 | Jul avg record low F = 50.1 | Aug avg record low F = 49.3 | Sep avg record low F = 41.8 | Oct avg record low F = 30.6 | Nov avg record low F = 23.7 | Dec avg record low F = 21.2 | year avg record low F = 18.4 |Jan record high F = 71 |Feb record high F = 79 |Mar record high F = 86 |Apr record high F = 96 |May record high F = 103 |Jun record high F = 115 |Jul record high F = 115 |Aug record high F = 114 |Sep record high F = 110 |Oct record high F = 99 |Nov record high F = 82 |Dec record high F = 72

|Jan record low F = −3 |Feb record low F = 6 |Mar record low F = 14 |Apr record low F = 21 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 31 |Jul record low F = 38 |Aug record low F = 39 |Sep record low F = 29 |Oct record low F = 18 |Nov record low F = 10 |Dec record low F = −10 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 2.72 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.96 |Mar precipitation inch = 1.81 |Apr precipitation inch = 1.51 |May precipitation inch = 1.34 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.68 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.24 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.33 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.48 |Oct precipitation inch = 1.22 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.61 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.53 |year precipitation inch=18.43 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0 |Nov snow inch = 0.1 |Dec snow inch = 0.9 |Jan snow inch = 1.0 |Feb snow inch = 1.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.2 |Apr snow inch = 0 |May snow inch = 0 |Jun snow inch = 0 |year snow inch= 3.4 |unit precipitation days = 0.05 in |Jan precipitation days = 10.6 |Feb precipitation days = 8.8 |Mar precipitation days = 8.7 |Apr precipitation days = 6.8 |May precipitation days = 4.6 |Jun precipitation days = 3.0 |Jul precipitation days = 0.8 |Aug precipitation days = 1.1 |Sep precipitation days = 2.4 |Oct precipitation days = 4.9 |Nov precipitation days = 9.8 |Dec precipitation days = 12.0 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.4 |Dec snow days = 1.7 |Jan snow days = 1.3 |Feb snow days = 1.1 |Mar snow days = 0.6 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |year snow days= 5.1 |Jan sun = 95.4 |Feb sun = 117.9 |Mar sun = 157.9 |Apr sun = 198.7 |May sun = 235.5 |Jun sun = 302.1 |Jul sun = 395.7 |Aug sun = 366.5 |Sep sun = 284.9 |Oct sun = 182.7 |Nov sun = 96.1 |Dec sun = 86.6 |source 1 = NOAA<ref name="NOWData NWS Medford, OR (MFR)">{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mfr |title=NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=2020-07-16}}</ref><ref name="NCDC txt KMFR">{{Cite FTP |url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00024225.normals.txt |server = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |url-status = dead | title = OR MEDFORD INTL AP |access-date = 2020-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/ | title=NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access }}</ref> |source 2 = weatherspark<ref name= weathersparkm>{{cite web|url = https://weatherspark.com/y/679/Average-Weather-in-Medford-Oregon-United-States-Year-Round#Figures-Temperature|access-date = 2021-12-16| title=Medford Climate, Weather by Month, Average Temperature (Oregon, United States) - Weather Spark }}</ref> }}

{{Weather box |location = Burns (Köppen BSk/Dsb){{efn|1991-2020 normals|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Extremes 1939–present}} |single line = Yes |collapsed = Yes |Jan high F = 36.7 |Feb high F = 41.7 |Mar high F = 51.1 |Apr high F = 58.1 |May high F = 68.2 |Jun high F = 76.7 |Jul high F = 88.7 |Aug high F = 87.2 |Sep high F = 78.2 |Oct high F = 63.1 |Nov high F = 47.3 |Dec high F = 36.4 |year high F= 61.1 |Jan low F = 16.3 |Feb low F = 20.2 |Mar low F = 26.3 |Apr low F = 29.8 |May low F = 37.4 |Jun low F = 42.6 |Jul low F = 48.6 |Aug low F = 45.8 |Sep low F = 37.4 |Oct low F = 28.0 |Nov low F = 22.1 |Dec low F = 15.5 |year low F= 30.8

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 10.5 |Feb precipitation days = 9.8 |Mar precipitation days = 11.0 |Apr precipitation days = 9.3 |May precipitation days = 9.1 |Jun precipitation days = 5.8 |Jul precipitation days = 2.9 |Aug precipitation days = 3.2 |Sep precipitation days = 3.5 |Oct precipitation days = 6.0 |Nov precipitation days = 11.1 |Dec precipitation days = 11.4 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.8 |Nov snow days = 5.3 |Dec snow days = 7.3 |Jan snow days = 6.0 |Feb snow days = 5.6 |Mar snow days = 4.3 |Apr snow days = 1.4 |May snow days = 0.4 |Jun snow days = 0 |source 1 = NOAA<ref name="NOAA NOWData Burns">{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=boi |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=NOAA |access-date=2020-09-09 |archive-date=2017-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526165646/https://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=boi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "NOAA Burns txt">{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094185.normals.txt | server = National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration | url-status = dead | title = Station Name: OR BURNS MUNI AP | access-date = 2018-03-15}}</ref> |source 2 = NOAA NCEI<ref name= "NOAA NCEI Burns">{{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/#dataset=normals-monthly&timeframe=30&station=USW00094185 |title = NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = 2021-08-11}}</ref> }}

==Cities and towns==

{{further|List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon}} thumb|right|A map of the counties of Oregon with the cities of Salem and Portland. Oregon's population is largely concentrated in the Willamette Valley, which stretches from Eugene in the south (home of the University of Oregon) through Corvallis (home of Oregon State University) and Salem (the capital) to Portland (Oregon's largest city).<ref name="2010 US Census">{{cite web |url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |title = 2010 Census Redistricting Data |access-date = March 15, 2011 |publisher = U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034521/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table |archive-date = July 21, 2011 }}</ref>

Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, was the first permanent English-speaking settlement west of the Rockies in what is now the United States. Oregon City, at the end of the Oregon Trail, was the Oregon Territory's first incorporated city, and was its first capital from 1848 until 1852, when the capital was moved to Salem. Bend, near the geographic center of the state, is one of the ten fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb07-51.html 50 Fastest-Growing Metro Areas Concentrated in West and South.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401102533/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb07-51.html |date=April 1, 2013 }} U.S. Census Bureau 2005. Retrieved October 16, 2007.</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2017}} In southern Oregon, Medford is a rapidly growing metro area and is home to the Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport, the state's third-busiest airport. To the south, near the California border, is the city of Ashland. Eastern Oregon is sparsely populated, but is home to Hermiston, which with a population of 18,000 is the largest and fastest-growing city in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pdx.edu/prc/population-reports-estimates|title=Portland State University Population Research Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718040535/https://www.pdx.edu/prc/population-reports-estimates|archive-date=July 18, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Largest cities | country = Oregon | stat_ref = Source:<ref name="Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Biggest US Cities By Population—Oregon—2017 Populations|url=https://www.biggestuscities.com/or|website=Biggest US Cities|publisher=Biggest US Cities|access-date=February 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202041803/https://www.biggestuscities.com/or|archive-date=February 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | list_by_pop = List of cities in Oregon | div_name = | div_link = Counties of Oregon{{!}}County | city_1 = Portland, Oregon{{!}}Portland | div_1 = Multnomah County, Oregon{{!}}Multnomah | pop_1 = 647,805<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon/PST045216|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon|website=www.census.gov|access-date=November 27, 2017}}</ref> | city_2 = Salem, Oregon{{!}}Salem | div_2 = Marion County, Oregon{{!}}Marion | pop_2 = 169,798 | city_3 = Eugene, Oregon{{!}}Eugene | div_3 = Lane County, Oregon{{!}}Lane | pop_3 = 168,916 | city_4 = Gresham, Oregon{{!}}Gresham | div_4 = Multnomah County, Oregon{{!}}Multnomah | pop_4 = 111,053 | city_5 = Hillsboro, Oregon{{!}}Hillsboro | div_5 = Washington County, Oregon{{!}}Washington | pop_5 = 106,894

| city_6 = Beaverton, Oregon{{!}}Beaverton | div_6 = Washington County, Oregon{{!}}Washington | pop_6 = 97,514

| city_7 = Bend, Oregon{{!}}Bend | div_7 = Deschutes County, Oregon{{!}}Deschutes | pop_7 = 94,520

| city_8 = Medford, Oregon{{!}}Medford | div_8 = Jackson County, Oregon{{!}}Jackson | pop_8 = 81,780

| city_9 = Springfield, Oregon{{!}}Springfield | div_9 = Lane County, Oregon{{!}}Lane | pop_9 = 62,353

| city_10 = Corvallis, Oregon{{!}}Corvallis | div_10 = Benton County, Oregon{{!}}Benton | pop_10 = 57,961 }}

==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}}