{{Short description|American doctor and researcher}} {{Infobox military person | name = Geoffrey Ling | birth_date = <!---{{birth date|1902|5|26}}---> | death_date = <!---{{death date and age|1888|5|26|1802|5|26}}---> | birth_place = Baltimore, Maryland | death_place = | burial_place = | burial_label = Place of burial | image = Dr Ling DARPA.jpg | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}} | branch = {{army|USA}} | service_years = 1985-2012 <!---2012 minus 27---> | rank = Colonel | commands = | unit = | battles = War in Afghanistan (2003), Iraq War (2005) | awards = | alma_mater = Washington University in St. Louis <br> Cornell University <br> Georgetown University | other_work = }}
'''Geoffrey S. F. Ling''' is a medical doctor who retired from the United States Army as a colonel and was the CEO of On Demand Pharmaceuticals. He served as the founding director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Biological Technologies Office from 2014 until 2016.<ref name=DARPA>{{cite web|title=Geoffrey Ling Bio on DARPA's Biological Technologies Office|url=http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Personnel/DrGeoffreyLing.aspx|publisher=DARPA|access-date=22 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011404/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Personnel/DrGeoffreyLing.aspx|archive-date=2014-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was considered to be the "US Army's premier subject matter expert on traumatic brain injury (TBI)", and was for years the only neuro-intensive care specialist in the US military.<ref name="bmf" />
Prominent in his DARPA research portfolio are Preventing Violent Explosive Neuro Trauma (PREVENT), prevention of explosive blast traumatic brain injury,<ref name="brainline" /> Revolutionizing Prostheses (RP), development of responsive, brain-controlled, artificial arms, Predicting Health and Disease (PHD), combination of biomarkers and advanced analytics to diagnosis of disease in the presymptomatic state and Battlefield Medicine, development of point-of-care drug manufacturing technology. He also served as a Program Manager and following, the deputy director of the Defense Sciences Office. Ling is recipient of the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, Legion of Merit, Alpha Omega Alpha, Sigma Xi and the Humanitarian Award from the Brain Mapping Foundation.<ref name="bmf" /><ref name="prnews" />
On May 21, 2018, HARPA (Health Advanced Research Projects Agency) was first publicly proposed on Fox Business News by Bob Wright and Geoff Ling {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210524202432/https://www.harpa.org/news/2018/6/22/bob-wright-dr-geoffrey-ling-on-fox-business]}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klabukov |first=Ilya |last2=Krasilnikova |first2=Olga |date=2021 |title=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: Comment on ‘Engineering biology and the grand challenges: Do we need a new R&D&I model?’ |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1049/enb2.12007 |journal=Engineering Biology |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=48–49 |doi=10.1049/enb2.12007 |issn=2398-6182 |pmc=9996693}}</ref> In April 2020, Ling co-wrote with Michael Stebbins the proposal for the creation this new federal agency modeled on DARPA, but focused on health. That [https://www.dayoneproject.org/ideas/creating-the-health-advanced-research-projects-agency-harpa/ proposal] was adopted by then former Vice-President Biden's presidential campaign and published on line as part of the Day One Project. It became the model used to establish the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H).
==Personal== Ling was born in Baltimore, MD to Alfred Ling, M.D, Ph.D. and Helen M. Ling, M.S. His father was a professor at Rockefeller University and a pharmaceutical executive. His mother was an aerospace engineer who worked on the U.S. space program. He is married to Shari Ling, M.D., [https://past.pmwcintl.com/shari-ling/] the national Deputy Chief Medical Officer of the [http://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/CMSLeadership/Office_CCSQ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services] (CMS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cms.gov/about-cms/leadership/center-clinical-standards-quality|title = Center for Clinical Standards & Quality | CMS}}</ref>
== Education ==
Ling graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York City. He earned his BA from Washington University in St. Louis, and earned his Ph.D. in pharmacology from Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (1982). He completed post doctoral training in Neuropharmacology at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (1982-1985).<ref name="usuhs" /> In 1989, Ling earned an M.D. from Georgetown University School of Medicine.<ref name="brainline" /> Both his neurology internship (1989-1990) and later residency (1990-1993) were completed at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. From 1993 to 1995 Ling had a clinical fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit.<ref name="usuhs" /> At Cornell and Sloan-Kettering, he did opioid research.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ling |first1=Geoffrey |display-authors=etal |title=Methadone: radioimmunoassay and pharmacokinetics in the rat |journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics |date=1981 |volume=217 |issue=1 |pages=147–151|pmid=7205649 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ling |first1=Geoffrey |display-authors=etal |title=Separation of morphine analgesia from physical dependence |journal=Science |date=1984 |volume=226 |issue=4673 |page=464-464|doi=10.1126/science.6541807 |pmid=6541807 |bibcode=1984Sci...226..462L }}</ref>
==Professional history==
===Military===
Ling completed two war deployments as a neurointensive care physician: Afghanistan (2003) and Iraq (2005), as well as four "Gray Team" missions to study combat brain injuries.<ref name="darpa" /><ref name="cp3" /> His medical studies of the war in Afghanistan and Iraq show that over 50% of those who died of wounds had head injuries.<ref name="iom" />
Prior to his position as the founding Director of the Biological Technologies Office at DARPA, Ling was Professor and Acting Chair of the Department of Neurology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).<ref name="darpa" /> He has been on the USUHS faculty since 1995 and is now Emeritus Professor. For many years, he was the Army's only neuro-intensive care physician.<ref name="bmf" /><ref name="ninds" /> Ling is also Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital.<ref name="johns" /> Ling served as an Army doctor for 27 years, and retired in 2012. Ling and his work have been featured twice on the TV show ''60 Minutes'', in 2009 and 2012.<ref name="60minutes1" /><ref name="60minutes2" />
===Other===
Ling is Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital<ref name="johns" /> and is a member of the neurosciences critical care unit (NCCU) clinical faculty. Ling and his work have been featured twice on the TV show ''60 Minutes'', in 2009 and 2012.<ref name="60minutes1" /><ref name="60minutes2" /> He was also one of the doctors who treated American Congresswoman Gabby Giffords after she had been shot in the head.<ref name="bmf" /> Ling's publications include over 200 peer-reviewed journal articles, research reviews, and book chapters<ref name="darpa" />
[[File:LingFistBumpArtificialArm.jpg|thumb|Dr. Ling doing the fist bump with an artificial arm patient.]]
==Prosthetic arm development==
Because of engineering and medical concerns, arm replacement is more difficult than leg replacement. Arm replacement technology was far behind leg replacement technology when DARPA began the Revolutionizing Prosthetics team in 2006. In May 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first of the two prosthetic arms developed under that program.<ref name="FDA news release">{{cite web|last=Laine|first=Susan|title=FDA allows marketing of first prosthetic arm that translates signals from person's muscles to perform complex tasks|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm396688.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511220628/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm396688.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 11, 2014|publisher=FDA|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="DARPA-Deka Arm">{{cite web|title=From Idea to Market in Eight Years, DARPA-Funded Deka Arm Systems Earns FDA Approval|url=http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx|publisher=DARPA|access-date=22 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224722/http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Earlier in 2014, DARPA's Biological Technologies Office announced the launch of a new Hand Proprioception and Touch Interfaces (HAPTIX) program, which aims to deliver naturalistic sensations to amputees and, in the process, enable intuitive, dexterous control of advanced prosthetic devices; provide the psychological benefit of improving prosthesis "embodiment"; and reduce phantom limb pain. Ling has described the problem of developing a high quality artificial arm as "doggone hard".<ref name="sci" /> Ling's Revolutionizing Prosthetics team's work could lead to the restoration of sight and hearing. Using his artificial arms, amputees could precisely move their artificial arms with just thought.<ref name="60minutes1" /><ref name="60minutes2" />
==Awards==
Ling is board certified in both neurology and neurocritical care. Ling was an "A" designated Army neurologist and is a recipient of the Order of Military Medical Merit.<ref name="cp3"/> In Toronto, Canada, in 2012, Ling was awarded the Humanitarian Award from the Brain Mapping Foundation.<ref name="bmf" /><ref name="prnews" /> He is a Fellow of the American Neurological Association, American Academy of Neurology and the Neurocritical Care Society. Named DARPA Program Manager of the Year (2008), Cornell University Alumnus of the Year (2008) and Washington University Distinguished Alumnus (2015). Is member of Alpha Omega Alpha and Sigma Xi. In 2016, he received the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service. In 2022, he was conferred an honorary Doctor of Science (DSc) by the Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine.
== References == <references>
<ref name="prnews"> {{cite web | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-brain-mapping-foundation-awards-a-us-army-colonel-and-3-distinguished-us-and-canadian-scientists-at-its-gala-in-toronto-155383555.html | title =The Brain Mapping Foundation Awards a US Army colonel and 3 Distinguished U.S. and Canadian Scientists at its Gala in Toronto | publisher = PR Newswire | date = May 29, 2012 | access-date = June 8, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="ninds">{{cite web | url = http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/nands/council_bio_geoffrey_ling.htm | title = Geoffrey S. F. Ling, MD., Ph.D. | publisher = National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | date = January 24, 2012 | access-date = June 7, 2013 | archive-date = March 5, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084230/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/find_people/nands/council_bio_geoffrey_ling.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="usuhs"> {{cite web |url=http://www.usuhs.mil/faculty/geoffreyling-neu.html |title=COL Geoffrey Ling |publisher=Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences |date=July 25, 2012 |access-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609131456/http://www.usuhs.mil/faculty/geoffreyling-neu.html |archive-date=June 9, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="bmf"> {{cite web | last = Abdullah | first = Stephanie P. | url = https://www.army.mil/article/81652/ | title = Colonel honored with humanitarian award from the Brain Mapping Foundation for work with TBI | publisher = United States Army | date = June 13, 2012 | access-date = June 7, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="brainline"> {{cite web | url = http://www.brainlinemilitary.org/experts/profile.php?name=Geoffrey,Ling | title = Geoffrey Ling, MD, PhD, Col. (Ret.) | publisher = Brain Line Military | year = 2012 | access-date = June 7, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="sci"> {{cite journal | last = Scudellari | first = Megan | url = http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/32513/title/Missing-Touch/ | title = Missing Touch | journal = The Scientist | date = September 1, 2012 | access-date = June 7, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="johns"> {{cite web |url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/education/fellowships/neurocritical_care/profiles_faculty/NCCU_faculty/B8F8D4C590CEF54E800BACBBBA27097A/Geoffrey_Ling |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130619210948/http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/education/fellowships/neurocritical_care/profiles_faculty/NCCU_faculty/B8F8D4C590CEF54E800BACBBBA27097A/Geoffrey_Ling |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2013 |title=Dr. Geoffrey Ling |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University |access-date=June 5, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="iom"> {{cite web |url=http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/TBINutrition/Ling%20IOMTBI%202010%20slides.pdf |last=Ling |first=Geoffrey |title=Explosive Blast Traumatic Brain Injury |publisher=Institute of Medicine of the National Academies |access-date=June 3, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} </ref> <ref name="cp3"> {{cite web | url = http://www.hjfcp3.org/military-medical-symposium/symposium-files/COL%20Geoffrey%20Ling.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221103205713/http://www.hjfcp3.org/military-medical-symposium/symposium-files/COL%20Geoffrey%20Ling.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 3, 2022 | title = Geoffrey Ling, M.D., Ph.D., FAAN | publisher = Center for Public-Private Partnerships | access-date = June 3, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="darpa"> {{cite web |url=http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/DSO/Personnel/Dr_Geoffrey_Ling.aspx |title=Dr. Geoffrey Ling Bio |publisher=DARPA |access-date=June 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617123521/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/DSO/Personnel/Dr_Geoffrey_Ling.aspx |archive-date=June 17, 2013 }} </ref> <ref name="60minutes1"> {{cite web | url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-pentagons-bionic-arm/ | title = The Pentagon's Bionic Arm | work = CBS News | date = April 12, 2009 }} </ref> <ref name="60minutes2"> {{cite web | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50137980n | title = Imagining the Future of Restoration | work = CBS News | date = December 20, 2012 | access-date = June 3, 2013 }} </ref>
</references>
== External links == * [http://www.reachmd.com/xmradioguest.aspx?pid=9196 Col. Geoffrey Ling, MD, PhD] * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140523011404/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Personnel/DrGeoffreyLing.aspx Geoffrey Ling]}} * {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130619210923/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/schoolprograms/niftyfifty/723-dr-geoffrey.html Nifty Fifty – Bring a Top Scientist to your Middle or High School]}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ling, Geoffrey}} Category:Living people Category:American people of Chinese descent Category:Military personnel from Baltimore Category:United States Army Medical Corps officers Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Washington University in St. Louis alumni Category:Weill Cornell Medical College alumni Category:Georgetown University School of Medicine alumni Category:Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians