A & R Recording

{{Short description|1958–1989 American independent recording studio}} {{about|the New York Recording Studio firm|the A&R profession|Artists and repertoire|the Australian bookseller|Angus & Robertson}} '''A & R Recording Inc.''' was a major American independent studio recording company founded in 1958 by Jack Arnold<ref name="Jack Arnold" group=lower-alpha />{{Sfn|Wasserman,|2000|p=134}} and Phil Ramone.{{Sfn|Cogan & Clark,|2003|p=}}{{Sfn|Addey, December|1978|p=32, 34}}

== History == Before founding A & R Recording in 1958, Arnold and Ramone had been working at JAC Recording, Inc.; Arnold had been a partner at JAC. The "A" and "R" initials were derived from their surnames. But also, Arnold and Ramone relished the idea that their initials and company name matched the industry acronym for "artist and repertoire," an important avocation in the recording industry.{{Sfn|Simons|2004|p=}}

Jack Arnold ended his association with A & R Recording shortly after co-founding it, due to health issues.

===Original A & R studio – 112 West 48th Street=== The original studio was in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on the fourth floor of Mogull's Film & TV<ref name="Charlie Mogull" group=lower-alpha /> building at 112 West 48th Street. The studio was named "Studio A1." Manny's Music<ref name="Manny Goldrich" group=lower-alpha />{{Sfn|Cerra, September 4,|2014}}—a music instrument retailer—was one-half of the first three floors; Mogull's Film & TV was the other half. Jim and Andy's Bar,<ref name="Jim & Andy's" group=lower-alpha />{{Sfn|Hinton & Berger,|2008|p=}} an important hangout for studio musicians was next door at 116 West 48th Street. Ramone installed an intercom from the studio to Jim & Andy's to call for musicians if someone did not show-up.{{Sfn|Lees,|1988|p=7}}{{Sfn|Simons|2004|p=}}

In the first studio, Ramone gained a reputation as a good recording engineer and music producer, in particular for his use of innovative technology. According to David Simons, author, the original studio at 112 West 48th St., which was started on a shoestring budget, remains Ramone's greatest legacy.{{Sfn|Simons|2004|p=}}

The studio was designed for the purpose of doing demos. According to Ramone, the room, {{convert|11.5|m}} by {{convert|12|m}}, had an incredibly unique sound. He attributed much of it to the height of {{convert|3.6|m}} and before long clients were requesting to do their final tapes there and in no uncertain terms letting it be known that this was no mere demo studio. In a short period of time, Ramone felt the need to upgrade the equipment.

===Second studio, Studios A-1 and A-2 – 799 7th Avenue=== In October 1967, A & R purchased Columbia's Studio A on the seventh floor at 799 7th Avenue at 52nd Street{{Sfn|Ramone & Granata,|2007|pp=136–137}}{{Sfn|Gottlieb,|2003|p=57}} and leased the space, which consisted of about {{convert|10000|sqft|sqm|4}}{{Sfn|''New York Times'', October 16,|1967|p=}} Columbia had owned the studio since 1939. The building was demolished in 1983 to make way for Equitable Center West at 787 7th Avenue, currently the BNP Paribas Building. Toronto-born Donald C. Hahn (''né'' Donald Clarence Hahn; 1939–2020),{{Sfn|Young, October 16,|2020}} who had been with A & R since 1961, was – effective October 1, 1969 – promoted from Senior Engineer to Vice President of A & R Recording, in charge of supervising the 799 7th Avenue facilities.{{Sfn|''Cashbox'', October 18,|1969|p=14}}

: Capacities, as published in 1974:{{Sfn|''Billboard'', December 14,|1974|p=46}} : Studio A-1: 40 × 50 feet; height 30 feet – {{convert|1600|sqft|sqm|4}} – accommodated 90 people : Studio A-2: 25 × 30 feet; height 12 feet – {{convert|750|sqft|sqm|4}} – accommodated 20 people

=== Third studio, Studios R-1 and R-2 – 322 West 48th Street === A & R added a third studio in the Leeds Music Corporation building at 322 West 48th Street. A & R became part owner of the building, a 6-story building, and designed recording studios on the first and second floors, named R1 and R2, respectively. The "R" stood for "Ramone." A & R also occupied the basement.{{Sfn|Simons|2004|p=}} 322 West 48th Street is currently the home of American Federation of Musicians Local 802, the New York City musicians' union and the Jazz Foundation of America. : Capacities, as published in 1974:{{Sfn|''Billboard'', December 14,|1974|p=46}} : Studio R-1: 38 × 28 feet; height 13-3/4 feet – {{convert|1064|sqft|sqm|4}} – accommodated 26 people : Studio R-2: 20 × 25 feet; height 13 feet – {{convert|500|sqft|sqm|4}} – accommodated 12 people

=== Launch of A & R Records === In February 1970, A & R Recording launched A & R Records,{{Sfn|''Billboard'', September 19,|1970|pp=3, 8}}{{Sfn|''Billboard'', October 24,|1970|p=10}} a company that produced albums of artists that included Paul Simon, Burt Bacharach, Billy Joel, Dionne Warwick, Karen Kamon, Engelbert Humperdinck, George Barnes, Gloria Estefan, Bucky Pizzarelli, Barry Manilow, Laura Branigan, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Tito Puente, Petula Clark, k.d. lang and many more.

=== Satellite studios === In 1970, A & R Recording formalized two partnerships to build two satellite studios, one with Brooks Arthur ''(né'' Arnold Brodsky; born 1936)<ref name="Brooks Arthur" group=lower-alpha /> in Blauvelt, New York, and one with Norman (Norm) Fuller Vincent (1930–2014) in Jacksonville, Florida.

==== 914 Sound Studios==== The partnership with Arthur was named "914 SRS" and was located at 34 NY Route 303 in Blauvelt. "SRS stood for "Sound Recording Studios." The legal structure of the partnership was in the form of a New York corporation operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of A & R Recording Inc. The entity name was "914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc." The studio, a converted gas station, opened October 1970. Arthur owned one-half; Ramone, Don Frey,<ref name="Don Frey" group=lower-alpha/> and Arthur Downs Ward (1922–2002) owned the other half.{{Sfn|Eskow, June 1,|2005}}{{Sfn|''Billboard'', Barnes, March 30,|2013|p=}} They sold it in 1978 and the corporation—914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc.—dissolved in 1982.

====Vincent SRS ==== The partnership with Norman Vincent, ''et al.'' was named "Vincent SRS" and was located in Jacksonville, Florida, and opened November 1970. Vincent was the operator.

===Closing=== A & R Recording closed in 1989.

== Selected artists == Artists produced by Ramone include {{Div col}} * Clay Aiken * Burt Bacharach * The Band * Bono * Laura Branigan * Ray Charles * Karen Carpenter * Chicago * Peter Cincotti * Natalie Cole * Chick Corea * Bob Dylan * Sheena Easton * Melissa Errico * Gloria Estefan * Aretha Franklin * Lazarus * Billy Joel * Elton John * Quincy Jones * Patricia Kaas * B.B. King * Julian Lennon * Shelby Lynne * Madonna * Barry Manilow * Richard Marx * Paul McCartney * George Michael * Liza Minnelli * Anne Murray * Olivia Newton-John * Sinéad O'Connor * Fito Páez * Luciano Pavarotti * Peter, Paul, and Mary * June Pointer * André Previn * Diane Schuur * Michael Sembello * Carly Simon * Paul Simon * Frank Sinatra * Rod Stewart * Barbra Streisand * James Taylor * The Guess Who * Frankie Valli * Dionne Warwick * Stevie Wonder * Nikki Yanofsky {{div col end}}

== Neighborhood == A&R Recording had two buildings in midtown Manhattan. Within a 10-block area of this part of Manhattan during the disco era existed an epicenter of recording studios, including Mediasound, the Hit Factory, Sony, and the Record Plant at 321 W. 44th Street, with four studios, duplication room, two mobile recording trucks, a master cutting room, and the Record Plant Shop. {{refbegin|30em|indent=}} <ol type="1" start="1"> <li>A & R Recording Inc. 112 West 48th Street Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone 1959. Corner of 6th Avenue, next door to Jim & Andy's Bar (116 West 48th Street) and Manny's Music (156 West 48th Street), both famous musicians hangouts. Used regularly by Tom Dowd for Atlantic sessions and producer Creed Taylor for Verve. Van Morrison recorded "Brown Eyed Girl" there.</li> <li>A & R Studio 2 (formerly Columbia Studio A) 799 7th Avenue Opened by Jack Arnold and Phil Ramone early 1968</li> <li>Associated Sound (now Quad Recording Studios) 723 7th Avenue Near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors down from Dick Charles. The Angels' "My Boyfriend's Back," the Raindrops' "What A Guy" and The McCoys' "Hang On Sloopy" were cut there</li> <li>Bell Sound (later The Hit Factory) 237 West 54th Street Founded June 1950 by Allen Weintraub and Daniel Cronin (1929–1968), both classmates from Brooklyn Technical High School; studio was located at 135 West 54 beginning June 1959; Burt Bacharach's favorite studio. Bought by Jerry Ragovoy 1968 and reopened as The Hit Factory; sold 1975 to partner Eddie Germano ''(né'' Edward F. Germano; 1941–2003); now run by Troy George Germano (born 1962), his son.</li> <li>Capitol Studios, Studio A (Capitol Records, Inc.) (the studio operated under Capitol from 1949 to 1961) (''see {{section link|Capitol Studios#151 West 46th Street, New York}}'') 151 West 46th Street First floor (one floor up) in the 14-story Eaves Building (built in 1928). The Eaves Costume Company – founded by Albert Grammer Eaves (1847–1900) in 1863 ({{age|1863|06|01}} years ago), and still in existence – occupied the ground floor.</li> <li>Century Sound 135 West 52nd Street One flight up. Former radio studio. Opened by Brooks Arthur in 1967.</li> <li>Columbia 30th Street 207 East 30th Street Converted Armenian church. Opened 1949, closed mid-1982, torn-down, now an apartment building.</li> <li>Columbia Studio A (later A & R Studio R2) 799 7th Avenue Opened in the 1930s. Columbia's main facility prior to East 30th Street. Sold to A & R late 1967.</li> <li>Columbia Studio B 49 East 52nd Street Former site of CBS Radio Network building, near Madison Avenue. Opened late 1967.</li> <li>Dick Charles Recording Service Inc. 729 7th Avenue Small demo studio, in the United Artists building, near corner of West 48th Street, a few doors up from Associated Sound. Dick Charles Recording Inc., founded by Dick Charles (''né'' Richard Charles Krieg; 1919–1998), was taken over in the 1980s by audio engineer Dick Charles (''né'' Richard Charles Waldspurger; 1941–2002), who worked with him. Many of S'pop's favored songwriters recorded demos there. Engineer Jack Malken introduced Tommy Ramone to the studio and in February 1975, The Ramones recorded their first demos there. The studio also was contracted for all the demo work for music publishers Screen Gems, the company that provided many of the hits for The Monkees, with songwriters that included Neil Diamond, Gerry Goffin, and Carole King.</li> <ol type="a" start="1"> <li>Les Paul, Jr. (Lester George "Rusty" Paul, Jr.; 1941–2015) (engineer); Les Paul's son.</li></ol> <li>Master Cutting Room (MCR){{Sfn|Master Cutting Room}} 250 West 49th Street (a Record Plant offshoot) Opened 1971, closed 2006 Building demolished in 2022. <ol type="a" start="1"> <li>Joe Brescio (mastering engineer)</li> <li>George Marino (mastering engineer) (1971–1973)</li> <li>Duncan Stanbury (April 1990 – April 1998)</li> <li>Kevin Hodge (1995–2005).</li></ol> <li>Mira Sound 145-155 West 47th Street On the ground floor of the Hotel America, now a Euro-style hotel. Recorded there: "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" by The Shangri-Las and "Society's Child" by Janis Ian.</li> <li>Power Station (known as Avatar Studios from 1996–2017). 441 West 53rd Street Near 10th Avenue. Founded 1977 by Tony Bongiovi. Previously home to ConEdison (hence Power Station).</li> <li>RCA Victor 155 East 24th Street Near Lexington Avenue.</li> <li>RCA Webster Hall 125 11th Street In the East Village. Built late 1800s. Converted by RCA early 1950s. Now a nightclub.</li> <li>The Record Plant (later Streetlight) 321 West 44th Street Once home to Warner Brothers Pictures; opened by Gary Kellgren and Chris Stone in 1968.</li> <li>Stea-Philips 7th Avenue Corner 51st Street, close to Columbia Studio A and 1650 Broadway. Owner: Lenny Stea ''(né'' Leonard J. Stea; born 1928). The Four Seasons cut "Sherry" there.</li> <li>Talentmasters Recording Studio 126 West 42nd Street Owners: Bob Gallo and Robert (Bob) Harvey. Later bought out by Atlantic The Who recorded there.</li> <li>World United 1595 Broadway Owner: Harry Lookofsky, ''aka'' Hash Brown, father of Michael Brown of The Left Banke, who recorded "Walk Away Renée" there.</li> <li>JAC Recording, Inc. 152 West 58th Street Owner: Charles Leighton This is where Phil Ramone got his start.</li> <li>Allegro Sound Studios 1650 Broadway Owner (original): Kama Sutra Records This was actually on the 51st Street side of the 1650 Broadway building, located in the basement, around the corner from the famous jazz club Birdland. Originally a demo studio for Kama Sutra, it was then purchased by Laurie Records, who gave it an extensive upgrade under chief engineer Bruce Staple. After several changes in ownership, it became known as Generation Sound Studios in the 1970s. Many of the Tommy James hits were recorded there, including I Think We're Alone Now and Crimson And Clover. After the departure of Bruce Staple, [https://www.discogs.com/artist/313600-Tony-May Tony May] of A&R became chief engineer.</li></ol> {{refend}}

== Personnel == In 1972, management of A & R included Robert Gerics (general manager & studio manager), Nick Diminno (studio manager), and Irving Joel (chief engineer). The studio was located at 322 West 48th Street.{{Sfn|''Billboard'', June 10,|1972|p=RS-38}}

'''Management and shareholders'''

'''{{nowrap|A & R}} Recording Inc.''' {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{hanging indent |text=Art Ward (1922–2002), president of the parent company.}} * {{hanging indent |text=Phil Ramone, vice president & creative director.}} * {{hanging indent |text=John Gordy, around 1970, became president of Visual Sounds, Inc. (VSI), {{nowrap|A & R's}} video subsidiary.{{Sfn|''Billboard'', September 19,|1970|pp=3, 8}} Gordy – on July 1, 1972, in Blue Hill, Maine, married, his second of three, Jean Becton DeMeritt, a 1965 graduate of Vassar College and granddaughter of Maxwell Becton, co-founder of Becton Dickinson, a multinational medical device manufacturer. Gordy's father, Papa John Gordy (''né'' John Thomas Gordy; 1904–1961), a dixieland jazz musician, was for more than 25 years, musical director of ''The Noon Show'' on station WSM, the NBC Radio Network affiliate in Nashville.{{Sfn|''New York Times'', April 16,|1972|p=63}} }} * {{hanging indent |text=Don Frey ''(né'' Donald Elias Frey; born 1927) had been a senior sound mixer at NBC TV in the late 1950s. He became vice president of operations at {{nowrap|A & R}} Recording and ended-up being a partner at {{nowrap|A & R}} for 25 years. He personally engineered sessions for Ray Charles, Nina Simone, Ike and Tina Turner, and many others. During the 1960s, Frey engineered some of the biggest commercials of the decade at {{nowrap|A & R}}, including one of the Yankees theme and ads for Marlboro and Pepsi. Frey's recording sessions involved 40 and 50 people in the room. Frey, in 1988, was instrumental in rebuilding BMG's Studio A in New York. According to a 1978 trade magazine article by studio engineer Malcolm Addey, Frey, while a mixer at NBC TV, had been moonlighting at {{nowrap|A & R}} and did a lot of the installation work. His work there became more than he could handle on a part-time basis and he accepted an invitation to work full-time. Don was eventually invited to invest and became vice president in charge of operations.{{Sfn|Addey, December|1978|p=32, 34}}{{Sfn|Simons|2004|p=}} }} * {{hanging indent |text=Brooks Arthur Productions, Inc., founded in 1999 as a California corporation, is active and based in Encino, California, and is headed by Arthur.}} {{div col end}}

'''{{nowrap|A & R}} Records (subsidiary)''' {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{hanging indent |text=Ed Barsky ''(né'' Edward Sydney Barsky; 1924–1993), president of {{nowrap|A & R}} Records, based in Los Angeles (founded 1970) }} * {{hanging indent |text=Irving "Bud" Dain, vice president of A&R and promotion }} * {{hanging indent |text=Harriet Margulies (1926–1921),{{Sfn|''Variety'', November 8,|2021|p=}} public relations (worked from New York){{Sfn|''Cashbox'', November 28,|1970|p=7}} }} {{div col end}}

''' Engineers'''

{{div col|colwidth=30em}} * Brooks Arthur, engineer * Roy Cicala, engineer * Ami Hadani * Charlie "Chaz" Clifton, engineer * David Greene, engineer, producer * Roy Halley, engineer * David Crawford, mastering engineer * Tom Hidley * {{hanging indent |text=Irving Joel (''né'' Irving Lewis Joel; 1931–2015), chief engineer, 1968–1974{{Sfn|Chester, December|2015|pp=1067–1068}} }} * Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer{{Sfn|''Toronto AES'' Apr|2016|p=}} * [https://www.discogs.com/artist/313600-Tony-May Tony May], engineer * {{hanging indent |text=Elliot Scheiner, engineer, worked 7 years at {{nowrap|A & R}} }} * {{hanging indent |text=Bill Schwartau ''(né'' William H. Schwartau; 1926–1985) appointed Chief Engineer at {{nowrap|A & R}} Recording, December 1958{{Sfn|''Billboard'', December 15,|1958|p=81}} }} * {{hanging indent |text=Norman Schwartz (1928–1995), studio technician & sound consultant }} * {{hanging indent |text=David Smith (''né'' David Michael Smith; 1949–2006), chief engineer. Ramone, in his 2007 book, ''Making Records'', included a dedication following the title page, "In Memory of David Smith, 1951–2006."{{Sfn|Ramone & Granata,|2007|p=}}{{Sfn|Jung, August|2006|p=32}}{{Sfn|Lavry, August|2006|p=891}}{{Sfn|Atkinson, June 25,|2006|p=}} }} * Fred Weinberg, engineer, producer * {{hanging indent |text=William Earl Windsor (1927–2017), chief engineer, 1966–1968{{Sfn|''Who's Who'',|1997|p=1579}} }} * Shelly Yakus, engineer {{div col end}}

'''Studio managers''' * Nick Diminno, studio manager * Robert Gerics, general manager & studio manager * Mitch Plotkin, studio manager

== Bibliography == === Annotations === {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|50em|refs=

<ref name="Charlie Mogull" group=lower-alpha>Mogull Bros. Electrical Corp., incorporated in New York in 1923, sold radios. The incorporators were Charles (1898–1986), Leo (1894–1962), and Peter Mogull (1892–1964). Out of that, the brothers founded the Film Library, a pro and retail film sales and rentals, cinema equipment, and camera firm, first at 68 W 48th Street, then, as of 1951, at 122 W 48th Street. When A & R Recording leased its first studio at 122 W 48th, the only surviving brother, Charles, was the landlord. One of Charlie's son's, Artie Mogull (1927–2004), had been an executive for M. Witmark & Sons and a notable A&R executive producer of many rising stars in jazz and rock, among whom included Bob Dylan. In 1950, Mogull's Camera & Film Exchange Inc. sold the building at 112-114 West 48th St. to Kenchal Estates Inc. (''The New York Times'', September 23, 1950; see References) In 1944, the building at 112-114 W 48th St. was sold by The City Bank Farmers Trust Company to 112 West 48th Street, Inc., Frederick Dreier, president. ([http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201944/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201944%20-%202534.pdf "$77,500 Consideration,"] ''New York Sun,'' July 10, 1944, pg. 22, col. 7) : Past tenants at 112-114 W 48th St. include: <ol type="i" start="1"> <li> Winitzki Chess Club (1942), Eugenie Club (1925)</li> <li> In 1929, it was the Green Room Grill, one of the largest speakeasies in the Theatre District. The Friar's Club, at 106-108-110 W 48th Street, was next door</li> <li> In 1942, the building housed the Musical Instrument Exchange, Inc., operated by Samuel Goodman, ''aka'' Kelly Goodman</li> <li> Soloman Pfeiffer (1881–1936), seller of imported violins (from the late 1890s to about 1925)</li></ol></ref>

<ref name="Manny Goldrich" group=lower-alpha>Manny Goldrich ''(né'' Manuel Kaufman Goldrich; 1904–1968), originally a saxophone salesman, founded Manny's Musical Instruments & Accessories Inc. in 1933 on West 48th Street. In 1940 though 1959, the address was 120 W 48th St. The store endured under three generations of Goldriches. In 1999, The Goldrich heirs sold the store and the brownstone building at 156 West 48th Street to its chainstore rival across the street, Sam Ash Music, who, in turn, maintained Manny's as a subsidiary and retained its staff and family managers until 2009. Manny's had, until about 1969, been located at 112 West 48th Street.</ref>

<ref name="Jim & Andy's" group=lower-alpha>Jim & Andy's bar was founded in 1945, presumably by partner's named Jim and Andy. Jim Koulouvaris ''(né'' James Daniel Koulouvaris; 1917–1972) bought it in 1955. From 1945 to about 1968, it had been located at 116 West 48th St. Notable employees included Pete Salvato (1908–1969), chief cook for 17 years. Rocky Mareno was Jim's bartender. (see ''Meet Me At Jim & Andy's'' in References)</ref>

<ref name="Don Frey" group=lower-alpha>Don Frey, a former senior sound mixer at NBC, was vice president of operations at A & R Recording. Frey, in 1988, was instrumental in rebuilding BMG's Studio A in New York.</ref>

<ref name="Brooks Arthur" group=lower-alpha>Brooks Arthur — as a songwriter in 1959 — used the pseudonyms Arnie Blaine and Art Barrett. From 1960 on (the last {{cardinal to word|{{age|format=raw|1960|01|01}}}} years), he has been known as Brooks Arthur.</ref>

<ref name="Jack Arnold" group=lower-alpha>Jack Arnold (''aka'' Jack Aaron; ''né'' Jacob Aaron; 1922–1968). (Wasserman, 2000, pg. 134; see References below)</ref>

}}

===Notes=== {{Reflist|22em}}

===References=== {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}  * {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Addey, December|1978|p=32, 34}} |last=Addey |first=Malcolm Thomas |date=December 1978 |title=Studio Diary" → "A & R Recording, New York |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Archive-Studio-Sound/70s/Studio-Sound-1978-12.pdf |volume=20 |issue=12 |pages=32, 34 |via=American Radio History, maintained by David Frackelton Gleason (born 1946), Cleveland |magazine=Studio Sound}} {{free access}} {{ISSN|0144-5944}}<div style="margin-left:6em">Note: Addey is a prolific recording studio audio engineer known for is work with The Beatles at Abbey Road Studios.</div>

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Atkinson, June 25,|2006|p=}} |last1=Atkinson |first1=John |date=June 25, 2006 |title=David Smith, 1951–2006 |url=https://www.stereophile.com/news/062606smith/index.html |magazine=Stereophile}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', December 15,|1958|p=81}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |date=December 15, 1958 |title=A & R Recording Incorporated |url={{GBurl |7AoEAAAAMBAJ |p=81|dq="A & R Recording"}} |type=tombstone advertisement |volume=70 |issue=50 |page=81 |magazine=Billboard}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', September 19,|1970|pp=3, 8}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |last2=Radcliffe |first2=Joe |date=September 19, 1970 |title=1972 A&R Studios Setting Up Small Satellites |url={{GBurl |wCkEAAAAMBAJ |p=3 |dq="gordy" }} |volume=82 |issue=38 |pages=3, 8 |via=Google Books |magazine=Billboard}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', October 24,|1970|p=10}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |date=October 24, 1974 |title=Fla. Studio Opening Marks A&R 'Bring Facility to Artists' Move |url={{GBurl |gSkEAAAAMBAJ |p=10 }} |volume=82 |issue=43 |page=10 |via=Google Books |magazine=Billboard}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', June 10,|1972|p=RS-38}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |date=June 10, 1972 |title=1972 International Directory of Recording Studios |url={{GBurl |qkUEAAAAMBAJ |pg=RA36 }} |volume=84 |issue=24 |pages=RS-38 |via=Google Books |magazine=Billboard}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', December 14,|1974|p=46}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |date=December 14, 1974 |title=A Guide to New York City Studios |url={{GBurl |fwkEAAAAMBAJ |pg=PT12 |dq="a&r recording" }} |volume=86 |issue=50 |page=46 |via=Google Books |magazine=Billboard}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Billboard'', Barnes, March 30,|2013|p=}} |last1=Billboard |author-link1=Billboard (magazine) |last2=Barnes |first2=Mike |date=March 30, 2013 |title=Legendary Producer Phil Ramone Dies at Age 79 |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/legendary-producer-phil-ramone-dies-at-age-79/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 31, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Cashbox'', October 18,|1969|p=14}} |last1=Cashbox |author-link1=Cashbox (magazine) |date=October 18, 1969 |title=Hahn Named V.P. of A&R Recording |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox31unse_10/page/14/mode/2up?q=%22A%26R+Recording%2C+Inc.%22 |volume= |issue= |page=14 |publisher=Cash Box Pub. Co. |via=Internet Archive (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; College of William & Mary Libraries) |magazine=Cashbox}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Cashbox'', November 28,|1970|p=7}} |last1=Cashbox |author-link1=Cashbox (magazine) |date=November 28, 1970 |title=A&R Coast Office; Barsky Relocates |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox32unse_15/page/n5/mode/2up?q=%22Harriet+Margulies%22+%22public+relations%22 |volume=32 |issue=23 |page=7 |publisher=Cash Box Pub. Co. |via=Internet Archive (Council on Library and Information Resources, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, College of William and Mary) |magazine=Cashbox}} {{free access}}

* {{cite web |ref={{SfnRef|Cerra, September 4,|2014}} |last1=Cerra |first1=Steven A. |title=Jim and Andy's: A Musician's Bar |url=https://jazzprofiles.blogspot.com/2017/11/jim-and-andys-musicians-bar.html |series=Jazz Profiles |date=19 November 2017}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Chester, December|2015|pp=1067–1068}} |last1=Chester |first1=John |date=December 2015 |title=Obituaries" "Irving Joel, 1931–2015 |url=https://www.aes.org/aeshc/jaes.obit/JAES_V63_12_PG1067.pdf |journal=Journal of the Audio Engineering Society |volume=63 |issue=12 |pages=1067–1068}} {{free access}}

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Cogan & Clark,|2003|p=}} |last1=Cogan |first1=Jim |last2=Clark |first2=William |date=2003 |title=Temples of Sound: Inside the Great Recording Studios |url=https://archive.org/details/templesofsoundin0000coga/page/n3/mode/2up |url-access=registration |location=San Francisco |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=9780811833943 |via=Internet Archive (Kahle/Austin Foundation)}} {{LCCN|2002004425}}; {{OCLC|49553469|show=all}}.

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Eskow, June 1,|2005}} |last1=Eskow |first1=Gary |date=June 1, 2005 |title=Classic Tracks: Janis Ian's 'At Seventeen{{'-}} |url=https://www.mixonline.com/recording/classic-tracks-janis-ians-seventeen-365526 |magazine=Mix |access-date=March 30, 2013}}

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Gottlieb,|2003|p=57}} |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Gary |date=2010 |title=How Does It Sound Now? |url={{GBurl |BfoLAAAAQBAJ |p=57}} |publisher=Course Technology |page=57}} {{ISBN|1-5986-3921-8|978-1-5986-3921-6}}; {{OCLC|535576372|show=all}} ([https://pearl-hifi.com/06_Lit_Archive/14_Books_Tech_Papers/Gottlieb_Gary/Copy%20of%20Legendary_Engineers_and_Vintage_Gear.pdf pdf copy]).

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Hinton & Berger,|2008|p=}} |last1=Hinton |first1=Milt |author-link1=Milt Hinton |last2=Berger |first2=David G. |date=2008 |title=Playing The Changes: Milt Hinton's Life in Stories and Photographs |publisher=Vanderbilt University Press}} {{LCCN|2007030389}}; {{ISBN|978-0-8265-1574-2}}; {{OCLC|156975394|show=all}}.

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Jung, August|2006|p=32}} |last1=Jung |first1=Tom |date=August 2006 |title=The High End" "David Smith: A True Loss to Our Industry |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Pro-Audio-Review/Pro-Audio-Review-2006-08.pdf |magazine=Pro Audio Review |volume=11 |issue=8 |page=32 |via=American Radio History, maintained by David Frackelton Gleason (born 1946), Cleveland}} {{free access}}

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Lavry, August|2006|p=891}} |last1=Lavry |first1=Dan |date=December 2015 |title=In Memorium: David Smith, AES Fellow |url=https://www.aes.org/aeshc/jaes.obit/JAES_V54_9_PG891.pdf |journal=Journal of the Audio Engineering Society |volume=54 |issue=9 |page=891}} {{free access}} * {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Lees,|1988|p=}} |last1=Lees |first1=Gene |author-link1=Gene Lees |date=1988 |title=Meet Me at Jim & Andy's: Jazz Musicians and Their World |url=https://archive.org/details/meetmeatjimandys00lees/page/6/mode/2up?q=%22A%26R%22 |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=7 |isbn=978-0-19-504611-3 |via=Internet Archive (ARChive of Contemporary Music)}} {{LCCN|88004865}}{{ISBN|0-1950-4611-0|978-0-1950-4611-3}}; {{OCLC|17677072|show=all}}.

* {{cite web |title=Master Cutting Room |url=https://www.discogs.com/label/270810-Master-Cutting-Room |publisher=Discogs |date=n.d.f |access-date=November 23, 2025 |ref={{harvid|Master Cutting Room}}}} * {{cite web |title=Master Cutting Room |url=https://musicbrainz.org/place/f97bd920-fe68-440f-b515-e078e7894f97 |publisher=MusicBrainz |access-date=November 23, 2025}}

* {{cite news  |last1=''New York Times'' (''The'') |author-link1=The New York Times |date=September 23, 1950 |title=Manhattan Transfers" → "48th St. 112–114 W. |work=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/09/23/113172241.html?zoom=16.47 |url-access=subscription |edition=Late City |volume=100 |issue=33845 |page=24 (col. 6, middle) |via=TimesMachine (permalink) |ref=none}}

* {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|''New York Times'', October 16,|1967|p=}} |last1=''New York Times'' (''The'') |author-link1=The New York Times |date=October 16, 1967 |title=Studio Space Leased}}

* {{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|''New York Times'', April 16,|1972|p=63}} |last1=''New York Times'' (''The'') |author-link1=The New York Times |date=April 16, 1972 |title=John Gordy, Ex-Football Star, to Wed Mrs. Jean DeMeritt |work=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/04/16/91325965.html?zoom=16.82 |url-access=subscription |edition=Late City |volume=121 |issue=41721 |page=63 |via=TimesMachine (permalink)}}

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Ramone & Granata,|2007|pp=136–137}} |last1=Ramone |first1=Phil |author-link1=Phil Ramone |last2=Granata |first2=Charles L. |date=2007 |title=Making Records: The Scenes Behind the Music |url=https://archive.org/details/makingrecordssce0000ramo/page/n7/mode/2up |url-access=registration |edition=1st |location=New York |publisher=Hyperion Books |pages=136–137 |isbn=9780786868599 |via=Internet Archive (Kahle/Austin Foundation)}} {{LCCN|2008298328}}; {{ISBN|0-7868-6859-7|978-0-7868-6859-9}}; {{OCLC|174143979|show=all}}.

*{{cite book |last1=Simons |first1=Dave |date=2004 |title=Studio Stories: How the Great New York Records Were Made: From Miles to Madonna, Sinatra to the Ramones |publisher=Backbeat Books |url=https://archive.org/details/studiostorieshow00simo/page/n3/mode/2up |url-access=registration |series=(ARChive of Contemporary Music) |isbn=9780879308179}}

* {{cite book |title=Toronto Audio Engineering Society Bulletin |type=monthly |publisher=Toronto Section of the Audio Engineering Society}} <ol type="i" start="1"> <ol type="i" start="1"> <li>{{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|''Toronto AES'' Apr|2016|p=}} |date=April 2016 |last1=McCluskie |first1=Earl |title=''April Regular Meeting: "Audio Recording at the Eastman School of Music:" Comment No. 4'' |url=https://www.torontoaes.org/eastman-school-of-music-tour-retrospective/ |url-status=live |series=Facility Tour & Retrospective of the Summer Recording Institutes 1968–1986: April 23, 2016, Eastman School of Music |type=Toronto Audio Engineering Society: ''April 2016 Bulletin'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217112240/https://www.torontoaes.org/eastman-school-of-music-tour-retrospective/ |archive-date=February 17, 2025}}</li></ol></ol>

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|''Variety'', November 8,|2021|p=}} |last1=Variety |author-link1=Variety (magazine) |last2=Yuma |first2=Jennifer |date=November 8, 2021 |title=''NCIS'' Pays 'In Memoriam' Tribute to Longtime Staffer Harriet Margulies |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/ncis-harriet-margulies-in-memoriam-tribute-1235106109/ |type=re: ''NCIS'' |magazine=Variety}} {{free access}}

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Wasserman,|2000|p=134}} |last1=Wasserman |first=Herb |date=2000 |title=A Different Drummer: What Makes Me Tic, a Memoir |url={{GBurl |HeylluuHbt0C |p=134 |dq="jac"+"A&R"}} |publisher=Writers Club Press |location=San Jose, California |page=134 |via=Google Books (limited preview) |isbn=9780595147267 |oclc=52229234}}.

* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|''Who's Who'',|1997|p=1579}} |title=Who's Who in the World, 1997.'' "Windsor, William Earl"'' |year=1997 |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinworld190000unse/page/1578/mode/2up?q=%22Windsor%2C+william%22+%22r+recording%22 |url-access=registration |edition=14th |publisher=Marquis Who's Who, Inc. |isbn=9780837911175 |via=Internet Archive (Kahle/Austin Foundation)}} {{LCCN|79139215}}; {{ISSN|0083-9825}}; {{ISBN|08379-1117-6}} (Classic ed.); {{ISBN|0-8379-1118-4}} (Delux ed.); {{OCLC|01133198|show=all}}.

* {{cite magazine |ref={{SfnRef|Young, October 16,|2020}} |last1=Young |first1=Clive |date=October 16, 2020 |title=Recording Engineer Donald C. Hahn Passes at 81 |url=https://www.mixonline.com/recording/recording-engineer-donald-c-hahn-passes-at-81 |magazine=Mix}} {{free access}} {{ISSN|0164-9957}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:A and R Recording}} Category:1958 establishments in New York City Category:1958 in New York City Category:1989 disestablishments in New York (state) Category:1989 in New York City Category:1980s in Manhattan Category:American companies established in 1958 Category:American companies disestablished in 1989 Category:Companies based in Manhattan Category:Defunct companies based in New York City Category:Entertainment companies based in New York City Category:Record labels based in New York (state) Category:Record labels established in 1958 Category:Record labels disestablished in 1989 Category:Recording studios in Manhattan Category:Rhythm and blues record labels Category:Rock record labels Category:Pop record labels Category:Former recording studios