General Motors 122 engine

{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}} {{Infobox automobile engine | name = General Motors 122 engine | manufacturer = [[General Motors]] | aka = | production = 1982–2003 | predecessor = [[GM Iron Duke engine]] | successor = {{ubl | [[L850 engine|Ecotec engine]] (Cars)|[[GM Atlas engine]] (Trucks)}} | configuration = [[Naturally aspirated]] [[straight-four engine]] | block = [[Cast iron]] | head = {{ubl | Cast iron (1982–1986) | [[Aluminum]] (1987–2003)}} | valvetrain = [[Overhead valve engine|OHV]] 2 valves × cyl. | fuelsystem = [[Rochester Products Division|Rochester]] [[carburetor]]<br>[[Throttle-body fuel injection]]<br>[[Multi-point fuel injection]]<br>[[Sequential multi-port fuel injection|Sequential multi-port FI]] | fueltype = [[Gasoline]], [[E85]], [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] | oilsystem = [[Wet sump]] | coolingsystem = [[Radiator (engine cooling)|Water-cooled]] | image = GM 2.2 OHV I4 rear.jpg | displacement = {{ubl |{{cvt|1841|cc|L cc cuin|1|order=out}}|{{cvt|1991|cc|L cc cuin|1|order=out}}|{{cvt|2189|cc|L cc cuin|1|order=out}}}} | bore = {{cvt|89|mm|in}} | stroke = {{ubl |{{cvt|2.91|in|mm|order=flip}}|{{cvt|3.15|in|mm|order=flip}}|{{cvt|88|mm|in|2}}}} | compression = 9.0:1 | management = | power = {{cvt|83-120|hp|kW|0}} | specpower = | torque = {{cvt|108-140|lbft|Nm|0}} | length = | width = | height = | weight = }}

The '''122 engine''' was designed by [[Chevrolet]] and was used in a wide array of [[General Motors]] vehicles. The ''122'' was similar to the first two generations of the [[General Motors 60° V6 engine]]; sharing [[cylinder bore]] diameters and some parts.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} The ''122'' was available in the U.S. beginning in 1982 for the [[GM J platform]] compact cars and [[Chevrolet S-10|S-series]] trucks.

For the [[GM J platform|J-cars]], it evolved through 2002 when it was replaced by GM's '''[[L850 engine|Ecotec]]''' line of [[DOHC]] [[Straight-four engine|4-cylinder]] engines. In the [[Chevrolet S-10|S-10]] related models, it evolved through 2003 and was known as the '''Vortec 2200'''. Production ceased consistent with the replacement of the [[Chevrolet S-10|S-series]] trucks with the [[GM GMT platform#GMT 355|GMT 355]] sub-platform.

==Generation I==

===1.8===

====L46==== The 1.8-liter pushrod engine was the first engine to power the J-body cars. Introduced with the models in 1982, the 1.8 used a two-barrel Rochester [[carburetor]] and produced {{cvt|88|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|100|lbft|Nm}} of torque. Since peak output came on at higher RPM, [[acceleration]] in these cars was quite sluggish, with a test 1982 Pontiac J2000 accelerating from {{cvt|0–60|mph|km/h}} in 16.3 seconds, with a [[Dragstrip|{{convert|1/4|mi|m|0}}]] time of 20.6 seconds.{{cn|date=April 2026}}

Applications: *1982 [[Buick Skyhawk]] *1982 [[Cadillac Cimarron]] *1982 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] *1982 [[Oldsmobile Firenza]] *1982 [[Pontiac J2000]]

===2.0===

====LQ5==== A stroked version of the 1.8-liter engine, displacing 2.0 liters, was introduced midway through 1982, to provide more low-end power for the J-cars. This engine replaced the 1.8-liter engine altogether and had [[throttle-body fuel injection]]. It produced {{cvt|86|hp|0}}, and {{cvt|110|lbft|Nm}}.

Applications: *1983–1986 [[Buick Skyhawk]] *1983–1986 [[Cadillac Cimarron]] *1983–1986 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] *1983–1986 [[Oldsmobile Firenza]] *1983–1985 [[Pontiac J2000|Pontiac J2000/2000/Sunbird]]

====LQ2==== This engine was similar to the '''LQ5''', except that it used a two-barrel [[carburetor]] instead of a throttle-body fuel injection system. This engine was used in the [[Chevrolet S-10]] and [[GMC S-15]] compact pickup trucks and their [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer|Blazer]] and [[GMC Jimmy|Jimmy]] counterparts from the fall of 1983 until the spring of 1984. It was replaced by the 2.5-liter [[GM Iron Duke engine|Tech IV]] engine in the fall of 1984 when production resumed for the 1985 model year. This engine produced {{cvt|83|hp|kW|0}} at 4600 rpm and {{cvt|108|lbft|Nm|0}} at 2400 rpm. Redline was 4750 rpm so full horsepower could never be sustained. The rear end of the S-series truck was geared so low that GM had to make the new overdrive transmission standard because with out the 4th gear this engine could only propel the truck safely to 50 mph without overheating. The trucks got 40% better gas mileage than the J-cars (all equipped with the 3 speed automatic) because of the 4 speed automatic overdrive. This engine was also the only S10 engine to have a direct-to-shaft non-clutched engine-driven fan, and wasn't ecm controlled (so it had no service engine soon light).

Applications: *1983–1984 [[Chevrolet S-10|Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15]] *1983–1984 [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer|Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy]]

==Generation II==

===2.0===

====LL8==== This engine replaced the '''LQ5''' and was used from 1987 until 1989. It featured throttle-body fuel injection and produced {{cvt|90|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|108|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque.

Applications: *1987–1989 [[Buick Skyhawk]] *1987–1989 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] *1987–1989 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] *1987–1989 [[Chevrolet Corsica]] *1987–1988 [[Oldsmobile Firenza]] *1987–1989 [[Pontiac Tempest]]

====LM3==== For the 1990 model year, GM replaced the 2.0-liter engine with a stroked version displacing 2.2 liters and using [[throttle-body fuel injection]] (TBI). Commonly called the '''2.2''', it produced {{cvt|95|hp|0}} and {{cvt|120|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque.

Applications: *1990–1991 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] *1990–1991 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] *1990–1991 [[Chevrolet Corsica]] *1990–1991 [[Pontiac Tempest]]

====LN2==== For 1992, the '''2.2''' received [[multi-port fuel injection]] (MPFI), replacing the [[Throttle-body injection|TBI]] version in the J-body cars and increasing power to {{cvt|110|hp|0}} and {{cvt|130|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque. In the L-body cars, it was converted straight to Sequential Fuel Injection. In 1994, all 2.2-liter engines were updated to [[sequential multi-port fuel injection]] and power increased to {{cvt|120|hp|0}}, with torque increasing to {{cvt|140|lbft|Nm|0}}. The MPFI and SFI versions produced enough power to allow the '''2.2''' to replace the old [[Pontiac (automobile)|Pontiac]] [[GM Iron Duke engine|Iron Duke]] engine as the 4-cylinder offering in the S/T trucks and A-body cars. For 1996, it became known as the '''Vortec 2200''' in the S/T trucks.

For 1998, the engine was revised for emissions regulations and became known as the '''2200'''. This revision lowered power to {{cvt|115|hp|kW|0}} at 5000 rpm, and torque to {{cvt|135|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3600 rpm. The engine was discontinued in 2003, replaced by the 2.2-liter DOHC [[L850 engine|Ecotec]] engine. Although it displaces 134 cu. in, the 2.2-liter OHV is still commonly referred to as the GM 122 today, and has been reputed for its simplicity, reliability, and ease of maintenance in the J-body cars and S-series trucks, and a few L-body cars. The 2003 model '''LN2''' is equipped with [[secondary air injection]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.media.gm.com/division/2003_prodinfo/03_powertrain/03_truck_engine/index.html|title=2003 Truck Engines|publisher=[[General Motors]]|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref>

Applications: *1993–1996 [[Buick Century]] *1992–1996 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] *1992–2002 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] *1992–1996 [[Chevrolet Corsica]] *1993 [[Chevrolet Lumina]] *1994-1997 [[Chevrolet S-10|Chevrolet S-10, GMC Sonoma, and Isuzu Hombre]] *1993–1994 [[Grumman LLV]] *1993–1996 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera]] *1995–2002 [[Pontiac Sunfire]]

====L43==== The '''Vortec 2200''' (RPO code '''L43''') is an OHV [[straight-4]] [[truck]] engine. This engine is equipped with [[secondary air injection]], and is [[flex-fuel]] capable. It is entirely different from the [[GM Iron Duke engine|Iron Duke]], and was the last North American iteration of the [[GM 122 engine]]. The 2200 uses an iron block and aluminum two-valve cylinder head. Output is {{cvt|120|hp|kW|0}} at 5000 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]] and {{cvt|140|lbft|Nm|0}} at 3600 rpm. Displacement is {{cvt|2189|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip}} with an {{cvt|89x88|mm|in|2}} bore and stroke. 2200s were built at [[Tonawanda Engine|GM's Tonawanda engine plant]] in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. This engine was replaced by the '''LN2''' in September 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.media.gm.com/division/powertrain/products/engine/truckengines/2003/truck_benefits/ln2.doc|title=Vortec 2200 2.2L L4 (LN2) Truck Engine, 2003 model year|format=doc|publisher=General Motors|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref> This engine did not commonly come with an EGR valve from 1998-2002 on the S-series trucks despite earlier versions using one. Instead a block off plate is on the back of the cylinder head.

Applications: *1998–2002 [[Chevrolet S-10|Chevrolet S-10, GMC Sonoma, and Isuzu Hombre]]

== References == {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gm 122 Engine}} [[Category:Chevrolet engines|122]] [[Category:Straight-four engines]] [[Category:Gasoline engines by model]] [[Category:1980s automobile engines]]