{{About|the aerospace and defense company|other uses|GD (disambiguation)}} {{Distinguish|General Electric}} {{Short description|American defense manufacturing conglomerate}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox company | name = General Dynamics Corporation | logo = General Dynamics logo.svg | logo_upright = 1.05 | image = General Dynamics Headquarters.jpg | image_upright = 1.05 | image_caption = Headquarters of General Dynamics in February 2021 | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{nyse|GD}}|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}} | industry = {{unbulleted list|[[Arms industry]]|[[Shipbuilding]]}} | founded = {{start date and age|1893}} as the ''[[Holland Torpedo Boat Company]]'' | founder = [[John Philip Holland]] | hq_location_city = [[Reston, Virginia]] | hq_location_country = United States | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Unbulleted list|[[Phebe Novakovic]] ([[chairman]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership {{!}} General Dynamics |url=https://www.gd.com/about-gd/leadership |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=www.gd.com |language=en}}</ref>|Danny Deep ([[President (corporate title)|President]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Kate |date=2025-12-05 |title=General Dynamics' Deep promoted to president |url=https://virginiabusiness.com/general-dynamics-deep-promoted-to-president/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Virginia Business |language=en-US}}</ref>
| products = {{flatlist| * [[Aircraft flight control systems]] * [[Auxiliary ship]]s * [[Business jet]]s * [[Combat vehicle]]s * [[Communications system]]s * [[Information technology|IT systems]] * [[Merchant Marine Act of 1920#U.S. shipbuilding|Jones Act ships]] * [[Ammunition]] * [[Nuclear submarine]] * [[Stealth ships]] * [[Tank]]s * [[Machine vision#Equipment|Vision Systems]] * [[Watercraft]] * [[Weapon system]]s }} | services = {{flatlist| * [[Applications of artificial intelligence|Artificial intelligence]] * [[Air charter|Charter Services]] * [[Command and control]] * [[Cybersecurity]] * [[Fixed-base operator]] (FBO) * [[Intelligence agency|Intelligence services]] * [[Information technology|IT]] * [[IT service management]] * [[Aircraft maintenance|Maintenance, repair, and overhaul]] (MRO) * [[Naval architecture|Naval design]] * [[Shipbuilding]] * [[Shipbuilding#Ship repair industry|Ship repair]] * [[Software development]] }} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|52.6 billion|link=yes}} (2025) | operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|5.36 billion}} (2025) | net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|4.21 billion}} (2025) | assets = {{increase}} {{US$|57.2 billion}} (2025) | equity = {{increase}} {{US$|25.6 billion}} (2025) | num_employees = 117,000 (2025) | divisions = {{ubl|Aerospace | Marine Systems | Combat Systems | Technologies}} | subsidiaries = {{flatlist| * [[Bath Iron Works]] * [[General Dynamics Electric Boat]] * General Dynamics Information Technology * [[General Dynamics Land Systems]] * [[General Dynamics Mission Systems]] * [[General Dynamics UK]] * [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream]] * [[Jet Aviation]] * [[Mowag|MOWAG]] * [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company|NASSCO]] }} | website = {{URL|https://www.gd.com/|gd.com}} | footnotes = <ref name=2025-10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/40533/000004053326000006/gd-20251231.htm |title=General Dynamics Corporation 2025 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=January 30, 2026 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref> | intl = }}
'''General Dynamics Corporation''' ('''GD''') is an American industrial and technology company based in [[Reston, Virginia]]. It is primarily a developer and producer of advanced military equipment of a wide variety, such as [[nuclear submarine]]s, [[main battle tank]]s, and [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s. It is also the manufacturer of the civilian aviation [[Gulfstream Aerospace|Gulfstream business jets]] and a provider of information technology services. The company is the 3rd largest of the [[top 100 contractors of the U.S. federal government]]; it receives over 3% of total spending by the [[federal government of the United States]] on contractors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/armsindustry |title=SIPRI Arms Industry Database |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]}}</ref>
The company is ranked 96th on the [[Fortune 100|''Fortune'' 100]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Dynamics Company Profile |url=https://fortune.com/company/general-dynamics/ |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] }}</ref> and 242nd on the [[Forbes Global 2000|''Forbes'' Global 2000]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/general-dynamics/ | title=General Dynamics | work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> In 2024, 69% of revenue was from the federal government of the United States, 14% was from U.S. commercial customers, 10% was from non-U.S. government customers and 7% was from non-U.S. commercial customers.<ref name=10K>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/40533/000004053325000008/gd-20241231.htm |title=General Dynamics Corporation 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=February 7, 2025 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>
The company was formed in 1952 via the merger of submarine manufacturer [[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat]] and aircraft manufacturer [[Canadair]].<ref name=SellCandadair>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/29/archives/general-dynamics-to-sell-canadair-ottawa-says-it-will-acquire.html | first=Robert | last=Trumbull |title=General Dynamics to Sell Candadair; Ottawa Says It Will Acquire Aircraft-Manufacturing Unit for $38 Million |work=The New York Times |date=1975-11-29 | url-access=limited}}</ref>
== History == === 1899–1920 === [[Isaac Rice (businessman)|Isaac Leopold Rice]] bought the [[Holland Torpedo Boat Company]] from [[John Philip Holland]] in 1899.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franklin |first=Roger |title=The Defender: The story of General Dynamics |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1986 |isbn=0060155108 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=15 |quote=page 25. Buy Rice out of business, p.25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=General Dynamics Corporation |url=http://archive.org/details/dynamicamericahi0000gene |title=Dynamic America; a history of General Dynamics Corporation and its predecessor companies |date=1960 |publisher=New York |others=Internet Archive |pages=25}}</ref> Holland continued to work at the company as chief engineer and the company was renamed [[Electric Boat Company]].<ref name="history1">{{cite web |title=History of General Dynamics Corporation |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/general-dynamics-corporation-history/ |access-date=April 22, 2020 |publisher=Funding Universe}}</ref> Electric Boat was responsible for designing and building the {{USS|Holland|SS-1|6}}, purchased by the [[United States Navy]] in 1900 for $150,000 (roughly $5.75M in 2025).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Jacob |title=Brotherhood of arms: general dynamics and the business of defending America |date=1985 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8129-1151-0 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=47 |quote="The next month the Navy purchased the Holland VI for $150,000."}}</ref>
Electric Boat also sold modified [[USS Holland (SS-1)|Holland-class]] and [[Plunger-class submarine|Plunger-class]] submarines to the [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]] through the English armaments company [[Vickers]] as well as to [[Japan]] and [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-02-18 |title=Holland class Submersibles (1901) |url=https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww1/uk/holland-class-submersibles.php |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Naval Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1906, Electric Boat won contracts to design [[United States C-class submarine|C-class submarines]] but subcontracted the construction to the [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of American Submarines |url=https://www.greatamericanships.com/submarine_history/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=www.greatamericanships.com}}</ref>
When Holland died in 1914,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Electric Boat - History |url=https://www.gdeb.com/about/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709192334/https://www.gdeb.com/about/history/ |archive-date=2025-07-09 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.gdeb.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lawrence York Spear|Lawrence Spear]] (who replaced him as chief engineer) redesigned the Holland submarine. The redesign replaced the submarine's observation dome with a [[conning tower]], a periscope, and first-of-its-kind torpedo tubes.<ref name="history1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=USS L. Y. Spear (AS-36) Association - History |url=https://www.usslyspear.org/History.htm |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=www.usslyspear.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Franklin |first=Roger |title=The Defender: The story of General Dynamics |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1986 |isbn=0060155108 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=34}}</ref>
In 1911, Electric Boat acquired the [[New London Ship and Engine Company]] in Groton, Connecticut, to build parts for submarines, diesel engines, and commercial ships.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-07 |title=February 7: Electric Boat Begins a Century of Submarine Building |url=https://todayincthistory.com/2019/02/07/february-7-electric-boat-begins-a-century-of-submarine-building/ |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Today in Connecticut History |language=en-US}}</ref> Isaac Rice died in 1915 and was replaced by his associate Henry Carse. Carse expanded the company with the purchase of several companies, including Electro Dynamics, Elco Motor Yacht, and New London Ship & Engine of Groton, Connecticut. Following the acquisitions, the company was renamed Submarine Boat Corporation. During [[World War I]], the company received orders from the U.S. Navy to build 85 submarines, 722 submarine chasers, and 118 surface ships.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardiner |first=Robert |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921 |author2=Chesneau, Roger |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-85177-245-5 |location=London |pages=101, 132–133}}</ref>
=== 1921–1940 === In 1924, the [[Government of Peru|Peruvian government]] ordered two submarines built at the New London Ship & Engine shipyard in Groton, Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Documents - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v07/d515 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref> In 1925, Carse reorganized the company, emphasized production of surface ships, and brought back the Electric Boat Company. In 1933, Electric Boat expanded its presence in Groton, Connecticut, by acquiring a second shipyard to build submarines. The {{USS|Cuttlefish|SS-171|6}} was the first submarine built at the Groton Shipyard.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Streeter |first=Jim |date=May 11, 2018 |title=History Revisited: Electric Boat Company's astounding manufacturing diversity |url=https://www.theday.com/local-news/20180511/history-revisited-electric-boat-companys-astounding-manufacturing-diversity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208165608/https://www.theday.com/local-news/20180511/history-revisited-electric-boat-companys-astounding-manufacturing-diversity/ |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |access-date=February 8, 2024 |work=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]]}}</ref> In the early 1930s, the U.S. government placed orders for submarines and PT (patrol/torpedo) boats from Electric Boat facilities at Groton and the Elco plant in New Jersey, respectively. Lawrence Spear retired in 1937, replaced by [[John Jay Hopkins]]. Hopkins led the company's strong re-emergence as a shipbuilder in [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-05-04 |title=J.J.HOPKINS DIES; INDUSTRIALIST, 63; Chairman of Billion-Dollar General Dynamics Corp. Built Navy's Nautilus PROPOSED ATOM PLANS Winner of '53 Alger Award Also Worked on Missiles --Founded Golf Group Little Known to Public Developed Big Concern Sponsored Golf Matches (Published 1957) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/05/04/archives/jjhopkins-dies-industrialist-63-chairman-of-billiondollar-general.html#:~:text=Under%20his%20guidance%20General%20Dynamics,his%20companies%20and%20their%20achievements. |access-date=2025-09-24 |language=en}}</ref>
=== 1941–1960 === During World War II, Electric Boat and its Elco Yacht and Electro Dynamic subsidiaries mobilized full-capacity production. The sudden production expansion led to a labor shortage, and women filled the open jobs as welders and riveters. During World War II, Electric Boat produced 74 submarines and 398 PT boats.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Sydney |date=2019-02-07 |title=February 7, 2019 - Happy 120th Birthday GD Electric Boat! |url=https://eblanding.com/2019/02/07/february-7-2019-happy-120th-birthday-gd-electric-boat/ |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=EB Landing |language=en-US}}</ref> When the war ended in 1945, the Navy reduced its orders for new vessels, and the company reduced its workforce from 13,000 to 4,000.<ref name="history1" />
Electric Boat diversified at the end of WWII, so John Jay Hopkins acquired the Canadian government-owned [[Canadair]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jan 24, 1947 |title=Electric Boat Co. to Build Planes Of North Star Type for Canadians; Signs With Dominion Government to Take Over Canadair Facilities in Montreal on Lease, Make 3 Ships a Month at Start |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/electric-boat-co-to-build-planes-of-north-star-type-for-canadians.html |access-date=Oct 7, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] Business Financial |pages=30}}</ref> for $10 million in 1946. The factory alone was worth more than $22 million, according to the Canadian government's calculations, excluding the value of the remaining contracts for planes or spare parts. However, Canadair's production line and inventory systems were in disorder when Electric Boat purchased the company.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Jacob |title=Brotherhood of arms: general dynamics and the business of defending America |date=1985 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8129-1151-0 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=6}}</ref> Hopkins hired Canadian-born mass-production specialist H. Oliver West to take over the president's role and return Canadair to profitability. Shortly after the takeover, Canadair began delivering its new [[Canadair North Star]] (a version of the [[Douglas DC-4]]) and was able to deliver aircraft to [[Trans-Canada Air Lines|Trans-Canada Airlines]], [[Canadian Pacific Air Lines|Canadian Pacific Airlines]], and [[British Overseas Airways Corporation]] (BOAC) well in advance of their contracted delivery times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WIZARDS AND MERLINS |url=https://www.vintagewings.ca/stories/wizards-and-merlins |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Vintage Wings of Canada |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
Defense spending increased with the onset of the Cold War, and Canadair went on to win many Canadian military contracts for the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] and became a major aerospace company. These included [[Canadair CT-133 Silver Star]] trainer, the [[Canadair CP-107 Argus|Canadair Argus]] long-range maritime reconnaissance and transport aircraft, and the Canadair [[North American F-86 Sabre|F-86 Sabre]]. Between 1950 and 1958, 1,815 Sabres were built.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-06 |title=Canadair F-86 Sabre Mk. 6 {{!}} Royal Aviation Museum |url=https://royalaviationmuseum.com/aircraft/canadair-f-86-sabre-mk-6/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en-CA}}</ref> Canadair also produced 200 [[Canadair CF-104 Starfighter|CF-104 Starfighter]] supersonic fighter aircraft, a license-built version of the [[List of Lockheed F-104 Starfighter variants|Lockheed F-104]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-11 |title=Canadair CF-104 Starfighter 12703 - Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada |url=https://royalaviationmuseum.com/aircraft/cf-104-canadair-starfighter-12703/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en-CA}}</ref>
In 1951, the company was awarded the contract to build the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, the [[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)|USS Nautilus (SSN571)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sept. 30, 1954: The World's First Nuclear-Powered Submarine, U.S.S. Nautilus, Enters Navy Service |url=https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2024/08/worlds-first-nuclear-powered-submarine |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.aps.org |language=en}}</ref> The submarine was launched in 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nautilus (SSN-571) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/ships/submarines/uss-nautilus.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401033230/https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/ships/submarines/uss-nautilus.html |archive-date=2025-04-01 |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=www.history.navy.mil |language=en-US}}</ref>
Aircraft production became increasingly important at Canadair, and Hopkins argued that the name "Electric Boat" was no longer appropriate. In 1952, Hopkins established the General Dynamics Corporation as a parent company holding Electric Boat and Canadair.<ref name="centennial_GD2">{{cite web |title=General Dynamics Corporation |url=http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/generaldynamics/Aero35.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112045623/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/generaldynamics/Aero35.htm |archive-date=2008-11-12 |access-date=2008-12-01 |publisher=U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission}}</ref>
In 1953, Electric Boat purchased [[Convair]] from the [[Atlas Group]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-03-31 |title=GENERAL DYNAMICS BUYS INTO 'CONVAIR'; Will Get 400,000 Shares From Atlas Corp. in Exchange for Stock and Cash TO BE ITS BIGGEST HOLDER Hopkins Is Slated to Become Board Chairman -- 'Our Job Is Done,' Says Odlum (Published 1953) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1953/03/31/archives/general-dynamics-buys-into-convair-will-get-400000-shares-from.html |access-date=2025-07-30 |work=[[The New York Times]] Business Financial |pages=37 |language=en}}</ref> The sale was approved by government oversight with the provision that the former would continue to operate out of Air Force Plant 4 in Fort Worth, Texas. This factory had been set up in order to spread out strategic aircraft production, and it was rented to Convair during the war to produce B-24 Liberator bombers. On April 29, 1954, the merger between Electric Boat and Convair became official and the company was named General Dynamics.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Wolf |first=Willia |title=The Consolidated B-24 Liberator |date=2025 |isbn=978-1-0361-5152-2 |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref>
Convair worked as an independent division inside General Dynamics and, over the next decade, developed the F-106 Delta Dart interceptor, the B-58 Hustler bomber, and the Convair 880 and 990 airliners.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wegg |first=John |title=General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors |date=January 1, 1990 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-0870212338 |pages=141–190}}</ref> Convair also developed the Atlas missile, the U.S.'s first operational intercontinental ballistic missile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas (SM-65) – Warren ICBM and Heritage Museum |url=https://www.warrenmuseum.com/atlas-sm-65/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.warrenmuseum.com}}</ref> Convair led the development of the American nuclear aircraft program, which the Pentagon enthusiastically supported. CEO Hopkins was a strong advocate of nuclear power and its numerous applications, but the nuclear airplane, or 'N-bomber,' was later found to be impractical, and the project was abandoned.<ref>{{Cite news |title=History in Two: Manned Nuclear Aircraft Program |url=https://www.afmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2664365/history-in-two-manned-nuclear-aircraft-program/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905232002/https://www.afmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2664365/history-in-two-manned-nuclear-aircraft-program/ |archive-date=2025-09-05 |access-date=2025-10-21 |work=Air Force Materiel Command |language=en-US}}</ref> The division would also become a significant contributor to the American space program.<ref name=":2" />
In the late 1950s, General Dynamics hired [[Erik Nitsche]] as a graphic designer to develop corporate reports and advertising material designs, including the "[[Atoms for Peace]]" series of posters for the 1955 International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heller |first=Steven |date=1998-11-29 |title=Erik Nitsche, 90, Modernist Graphic Designer |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1998/11/29/067156.html?pageNumber=58 |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-23 |title=Erik Nitsche's Modernist Vision |url=https://www.swanngalleries.com/news/vintage-posters/2018/02/erik-nitsche-modernist-vision/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Swann Galleries News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Erik Nitsche |url=https://www.oneclub.org/adc-hall-of-fame/-bio/erik-nitsche |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.oneclub.org |language=en}}</ref> These designs have become iconic examples of the mid-century modernist graphic design style.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-11-29 |title=Typotheque: Erik Nitsche: The Reluctant Modernist article on Typotheque by Steven Heller |url=https://www.typotheque.com/articles/erik-nitsche-the-reluctant-modernist |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.typotheque.com |language=en}}</ref>
In 1957, Hopkins fell seriously ill and was replaced by [[Frank Pace]] later that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-05-02 |title=General Dynamics Names Frank Pace As Chief Executive (Published 1957) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/05/02/archives/general-dynamics-names-frank-pace-as-chief-executive.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en}}</ref> John Naish succeeded [[Joseph T. McNarney|Joseph McNarney]] as president of Convair.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 1958 |title=PERSONNEL: Changes of the Week, Mar. 10, 1958 |url=https://time.com/archive/6800575/personnel-changes-of-the-week-mar-10-1958/ |access-date=October 27, 2025 |work=Time Magazine}}</ref> In the same year, General Dynamics purchased Liquid Carbonic Corporation in September 1957 and controlled it as a wholly owned subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. General Dynamics Corporation, 258 F. Supp. 36 (S.D.N.Y. 1966) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/258/36/1510699/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Metz |first1=Robert |date=1975-03-28 |title=Market Place |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/28/archives/market-place-hitormiss-notification.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
In 1959, the U.S. Navy commissioned Electric Boat to design and build the first fleet ballistic-missile submarine, [[USS George Washington (SSBN-598)|USS George Washington (SSBN598)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polmar |first=Norman |date=2006-06-01 |title=Polaris: A True Revolution |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2006/june/polaris-true-revolution |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=U.S. Naval Institute |language=en}}</ref> The George Washington-class ballistic missile submarines were derived from the [[Skipjack-class submarine]] design, with a 130-foot missile compartment inserted between the control and reactor sections.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date=2018-12-07 |title=Meet America's Skipjack-Class Submarine (And Russia's Worst Nightmare) |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/meet-americas-skipjack-class-submarine-and-russias-worst-nightmare-38092/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=The National Interest |language=en-US}}</ref> The USS George Washington (SSBN-598) was initially laid down as the Skipjack-class [[USS Scorpion (SSN-589)]], but was repurposed during construction to accommodate the Polaris missile system. Materials from other planned attack submarines, including USS Sculpin (SSN-590), were also reallocated to the program.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-27 |title=George Washington-Class (SSBN-598) Ballistic Missile Submarines |url=https://nuclearcompanion.com/data/george-washington-class-ssbn-598-ballistic-missile-submarines/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Nuclear Companion: A nuclear guide to the cold war |language=en-US}}</ref>
The same year, Chicago industrialist [[Henry Crown]] became the company's largest shareholder and merged his Material Service Corporation with General Dynamics in 1959.<ref name="henrycrown">{{Cite book |last=Alsop |first=Stewart |title=America's Big New Rich |date=July 17, 1965 |publisher=The Saturday Evening Post}}</ref> General Dynamics subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in New York City and Western Group in San Diego, California, with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities. This separated the branding between Convair-manufactured product types, with defense and space phased out the Convair brand name which rebranded those as simply General Dynamics to present the latter's status as a prime contractor to the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] being the only customer and user of those while commercial ones and Convair-related artist conceptions retain the brand. The board decided to build all future planes in [[Fort Worth, Texas]], ending plane production at Convair's original plant in San Diego, California, but continuing with space and missile development there.<ref name="history2">{{cite book |author=Donald M. Pattillo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shwtKbTbEuEC&q=general+dynamics+reorganize+western+eastern+group&pg=PA225 |title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry |date=2001 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=0472086715 |pages=225, 226 |access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref>
===1961–1980===
In 1961, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara initiated the Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX) program to develop a single aircraft design for the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polmar |first=Norman |date=2004-09-18 |title=The Aircraft that Couldn't |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2004/june/aircraft-couldnt |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=U.S. Naval Institute |language=en}}</ref> General Dynamics and Boeing were selected to submit updated designs. McNamara selected General Dynamics' proposal due to the greater commonality between its versions. The Boeing aircraft shared less than half of the major structural components. The [[General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark|F-111]]'s design pioneered variable-sweep wings, after-burning turbofan engines, and automated terrain-following radar for low-level, high-speed flight.<ref>{{cite web |author=Robert Bernier |title=Was the Navy's F-111 Really That Bad? |url=https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/13_sep2018-cancelled-f111b-1-180969916/ |access-date=April 22, 2020 |work=[[Air&Space Magazine]]}}</ref> General Dynamics continued to develop its version of the F-111 at the former Convair facility in Fort Worth, Texas. The company built 563 F-111s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morshead |first=Henry |title=General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc |others=Adam Tooby, Peter E. Davies |isbn=978-1-78096-611-3 |series=Air Vanguard Ser |location=London}}</ref>
In 1962, [[Roger Lewis (businessman)|Roger Lewis]] was appointed Chairman and CEO of General Dynamics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1962-01-26 |title=Roger Lewis, Officer at Pan American, Named President; DEFENSE SUPPLIER NAMES PRESIDENT (Published 1962) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/01/26/archives/roger-lewis-officer-at-pan-american-named-president-defense.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=en}}</ref> In 1963, General Dynamics purchased the Quincy Shipbuilding Works from [[Bethlehem Steel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sarcone |first1=Antony F. |last2=Rines |first2=Lawrence S. |date=September 7, 2008 |title=A History of Shipbuilding at Fore River |url=http://thomascranelibrary.org/shipbuildingheritage/history/historyindex.html |journal= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907025146/http://thomascranelibrary.org/shipbuildingheritage/history/historyindex.html |archive-date=September 7, 2008}}</ref> In 1965, General Dynamics reorganized into 12 operating divisions based on product lines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics |url=https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Aerospace/generaldynamics/Aero35.htm |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.centennialofflight.net}}</ref> In 1967, Electric Boat launched the [[USS Sturgeon (SSN-637)|USS Sturgeon (SSN637]]), the lead ship in the [[Sturgeon-class submarine|Sturgeon class]] of attack submarines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weichert |first=Brandon J. |date=2025-05-30 |title=Here's Why the USS Sturgeon (SSN-637) Was America's Best Cold War Submarine |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/heres-why-the-uss-sturgeon-ssn-637-was-americas-best-cold-war-submarine |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=The National Interest |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1970, the board replaced Roger Lewis with former McDonnell Douglas president [[David S. Lewis]] as Chief Executive Officer. David S. Lewis relocated the company headquarters to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1971.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Lisa |title=Boeing moving defense HQ from St. Louis to D.C. area |url=http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/boeing-moving-defense-hq-from-st-louis-to-d-c/article_029c405c-5f9b-5445-9008-3f8084708306.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215191245/https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/boeing-moving-defense-hq-from-st-louis-to-d-c/article_029c405c-5f9b-5445-9008-3f8084708306.html |archive-date=Dec 15, 2016 |access-date=2017-04-12 |work=Saint Louis Post-Dispatch |language=en}}</ref> Later that year, Electric Boat and Newport News Shipbuilding were awarded contracts to co-manufacture the Los Angeles-class submarines.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Wasserman Goodman |first=Sherri |date=1988 |title=Legal Dilemmas in the Weapons Acquisition Process: The Procurement of the SSN-688 Attack Submarine |journal=Yale Law & Policy Review |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=393–427}}</ref> In 1972, Electric Boat received contracts for the design and development of the [[Ohio-class submarine|Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine]]. Electric Boat also developed a new modular process to build the 560-foot submarines;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-28 |title=Ohio-Class (SSBN-726) Ballistic Missile Submarines |url=https://nuclearcompanion.com/data/ohio-class-ssbn-726-ballistic-missile-submarines/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Nuclear Companion: A nuclear guide to the cold war |language=en-US}}</ref> the process remains the industry standard.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adde |first=Nick |title=Double Duty: Shipyards Building Two Submarine Classes Simultaneously |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2022/7/22/shipyards-building-two-submarine-classes-simultaneously#:~:text=%E2%80%9CColumbia%20will%20be%20the%20first,tube%20that%20becomes%20the%20submarine.%E2%80%9D |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.nationaldefensemagazine.org}} (See "stick building" approach)</ref> Construction of the flagship [[Los Angeles-class submarine|Los Angeles-class attack submarine]] began the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Submarine Force Facts |url=https://www.public.navy.mil/subfor/hq/Pages/Facts.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608042841/https://www.public.navy.mil/subfor/hq/Pages/Facts.aspx |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> In 1973, General Dynamics established the Quonset Point Facility in [[North Kingstown, Rhode Island]], to provide off-site manufacturing support for the Groton facility. Production began the following year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EB's Quonset Point facility is where the sub-building process starts |url=https://theday.com/news/766572/ebs-quonset-point-facility-is-where-the-sub-building-process-starts/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=theday.com |language=en}}</ref>
The U.S. Air Force initiated the Lightweight Fighter (LWF) program to develop a new fighter aircraft that met the requirements of Major John Boyd's "energy-maneuverability" theory. General Dynamics organized its own version of Lockheed's [[Skunk Works]], the Advanced Concepts Laboratory, and responded with a new aircraft design incorporating advanced technologies.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of military science |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Reference |isbn=978-1-4129-6933-8 |editor-last=Piehler |editor-first=G. Kurt |location=Los Angeles, [California] |editor-last2=Johnson |editor-first2=M. Houston |editor-last3=Brace-Thompson |editor-first3=Jim |editor-last4=Axelsen |editor-first4=Diana E. |editor-last5=Abarca |editor-first5=Edgar}}</ref> General Dynamics submitted a design in 1972 for a new lightweight fighter, the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|YF-16]]. The YF-16 first flew in January 1974 and proved slightly better performance than the Northrop Grumman [[Northrop YF-17|YF-17]] in head-to-head testing. General Dynamics YF-16 was selected as the first Lightweight Fighter for the U.S. Air Force. It entered production as the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16 Fighting Falcon]] in January 1975 with an initial order of 650 and 1,388.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Piehler |first=G. Kurt |title=Encyclopedia of Military Science |date=2013-07-24 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-4129-6933-8 |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The F-16 also won contracts worldwide, beating the F-17 in foreign competition. General Dynamics built an aircraft production factory in Fort Worth, Texas to fulfill the contracts, and F-16 orders eventually totaled more than 4,600, making it the company's largest aircraft program.<ref>2025 World Air Forces, ''Flight Global'', p. 10.</ref>
In 1975, General Dynamics Electric Boat broke ground on a land-level submarine construction facility in Groton, Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric Boat |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/electric_boat.htm |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>
===Land Systems and Marine Systems focus=== {{main|General Dynamics Land Systems}} {{More citations needed|section|date=June 2020}} In 1976, General Dynamics sold the struggling Canadair back to the Canadian government for $38 million.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campagna |first=Palmiro |title=Requiem for a Giant: A.V. Roe Canada and the Avro Arrow |publisher=Dundurn |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-55488-008-9 |pages=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bellamy |first=Matthew J. |title=Profiting the Crown: Canada's Polymer Corporation, 1942-1990 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7735-7238-6 |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> By 1984, General Dynamics had four divisions: Convair in San Diego, General Dynamics-Fort Worth, General Dynamics-Pomona, and General Dynamics-Electronics. In 1985 a further reorganization created the Space Systems Division from the Convair Space division. In 1985, GD also acquired [[Cessna]]. In 1986 the Pomona division (which mainly produced the Standard Missile and the [[Phalanx CIWS]] for the Navy) was split up, creating the Valley Systems Division. Valley Systems produced the [[FIM-92 Stinger|Stinger]] surface-to-air missile and the [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile|Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM)]]. Both units were recombined into one entity in 1992. In 1986, the [[General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division]] was closed.
Henry Crown, still GD's largest shareholder, died on 15 August 1990. Following this, the company started to rapidly divest its under-performing divisions under CEO [[William Anders]]. Cessna was re-sold to [[Textron]] in January 1992, the San Diego and Pomona missile production units to [[General Motors]]-[[Hughes Aerospace]] in May 1992, the Fort Worth aircraft production to [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] in March 1993 (a nearby electronics production facility was separately sold to Israeli-based [[Elbit Systems]], marking that company's entry into the US market), and its Space Systems Division to [[Martin Marietta]] in 1994. The remaining Convair Aircraft Structure unit was sold to McDonnell Douglas in 1994. The remains of the Convair Division were closed in 1996, following decades of either rebranding operations including manufactured brand intended for space and defense throughout its existence to GD or divesting to other companies. GD's exit from the aviation world was short-lived, and in 1999 the company acquired [[Gulfstream Aerospace]]. The Pomona operation was closed shortly after its sale to Hughes Aircraft.
In 1995, General Dynamics purchased the privately held [[Bath Iron Works]] shipyard in [[Bath, Maine]], for $300 million, diversifying its shipbuilding portfolio to include U.S. Navy surface ships such as [[Guided missile destroyer|guided-missile destroyers]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-18-fi-36555-story.html|title=General Dynamics to Buy Bath Iron Works Shipyard : Defense: The purchase would give the contractor access to $2 billion in orders for Navy ships.|date=1995-08-18|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> In 1998, the company acquired NASSCO, formerly [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]], for $415 million. The San Diego shipyard produces U.S. Navy auxiliary and support ships as well as commercial ships that are eligible to be U.S.-flagged under the [[Merchant Marine Act of 1920|Jones Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-09-fi-30651-story.html|title=Defense Giant to Purchase Nassco for $415 Million|date=1998-10-09|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>
Having divested itself of its aviation holdings, GD concentrated on land and sea products. GD purchased [[Chrysler]]'s defense divisions in 1982, renaming them General Dynamics Land Systems. In 2003, it purchased the defense divisions of [[General Motors]] as well. It is now a major supplier of armored vehicles of all types, including the [[M1 Abrams]], [[LAV 25]], [[Stryker]], and a wide variety of vehicles based on these chassis. [[Force Protection Inc|Force Protection, Inc.]] was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems in November 2011 for $350 million.
===General Dynamics UK=== {{main|General Dynamics UK}}
In 1997, General Dynamics acquired Computing Devices Ltd based in [[Hastings]], [[England]], which had developed avionics and mission systems for the [[Panavia Tornado]], [[British Aerospace Harrier II]] and [[Hawker Siddeley Nimrod]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Transatlantic Defence Industrial Relationship: An Audit and Commentary |url=https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/D0005452.A1.pdf |website=CNA |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Hugh |title=Protest over Hastings Firm's Links to US Child Detention |url=https://www.hastingsindependentpress.co.uk/news/protest-over-hastings-firms-links-to-us-child-detention/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=Hastings Independent |date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In 2001, Computing Devices Canada (CDC) was awarded a contract from the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] to supply tactical communication systems for their [[Bowman (communications system)|Bowman]] program. The work for this was carried out at its new UK headquarters in [[Oakdale, Caerphilly|Oakdale]], [[Wales]], and the company was renamed General Dynamics UK Limited.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defence firm sets sights on 500 jobs |url=https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/4620006.defence-firm-sets-sights-on-500-jobs/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=South Wales Argus |date=22 August 2001}}</ref> {{As of|2020}}, it comprises two business units: ''General Dynamics Land Systems – UK'' and ''General Dynamics Mission Systems – UK'' and operates in eight sites across the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://generaldynamics.uk.com/about/about-us/ |website=General Dynamics UK |access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref> It is currently responsible for delivering the [[General Dynamics Ajax]] family of armored vehicles, the [[Ocelot (vehicle)|Foxhound]] light protected patrol vehicle and the [[Morpheus (communications system)|Morpheus]] communications system to the UK Ministry of Defence.
===21st century=== [[File:Gulfstream G650 departs Bristol 23rdAug2014 arp.jpg|thumb|In 1999, the company acquired Gulfstream Aerospace. Here, a [[Gulfstream G650]] departs [[Bristol Airport]], England, in 2014.]] In 2004, General Dynamics bid for the UK company [[Alvis plc]], the leading British manufacturer of armored vehicles. In March the board of Alvis Vickers voted in favor of the £309m takeover. However at the last minute [[BAE Systems]] offered £355m for the company. This deal was finalized in June 2004.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2004|title=BAE outguns US rival with £355m bid for Alvis|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/jun/04/themilitary|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref>
On August 19, 2008, GD agreed to pay $4 million to settle a lawsuit brought by the US Government claiming that a GD unit fraudulently billed the government for defectively manufactured parts used in US military aircraft and submarines. The US alleged that GD defectively manufactured or failed to test parts used in US military aircraft from September 2001 to August 2003, such as for the [[C-141 Starlifter]] transport plane. The GD unit involved, based in [[Glen Cove, New York]], closed in 2004.<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'', "General Dynamics To Settle Suit For $4 Million", August 19, 2008, p. D4.</ref>
In 2014, the government of Canada announced it had selected the General Dynamics Land Systems subsidiary in [[London, Ontario]], to produce [[LAV-25|Light Armoured Vehicles]] for [[Saudi Arabia]] as part of a $10 billion deal with the [[Canadian Commercial Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/general-dynamics-canada-wins-10b-deal-with-saudi-arabia-1.2537934|title=General Dynamics Canada wins $10B deal with Saudi Arabia|last=Cudmore|first=James|date=14 February 2014|publisher=CBC News |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> The sale has been criticized by political opponents because of the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]].<ref name="Post_union">{{cite news |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/union-asks-ndp-to-keep-saudi-armoured-vehicles-deal-under-wraps-fearing-significant-job-losses |title=Union asks NDP to keep Saudi armoured vehicles deal 'under wraps', fearing 'significant' job losses |work=Postmedia Network |date=30 September 2015 |access-date=30 September 2015 |author=De Bono, Norman}}</ref><ref name="Globe and Mail 2019-06-20">{{cite news |title=Advocates urge Ottawa to cease sales of military goods to Saudi Arabia amid growing backlash against war in Yemen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-advocates-urge-ottawa-to-cease-sales-of-military-goods-to-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Globe and Mail |date=20 June 2019 }}</ref> In December 2018, after Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] suggested Canada might scrap the deal, the company warned that doing so could lead to "billions of dollars in liability" and risk the loss of thousands of jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics warns Canada: Cancelling Saudi deal would cost billions |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/general-dynamics-saudi-arabia-canada-armoured-vehicles-deal-khashoggi-1.4950565 |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |date=18 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/general-dynamics-canada-wins-10b-deal-with-saudi-arabia-1.2537934|title=General Dynamics warns Canada: Canceling Saudi deal would cost billions|last=Ljunggren|first=David|date=17 December 2018|agency=Reuters |publisher=CBC |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> Trudeau has since said that while he is critical of Saudi conduct, he cannot simply scrap the deal because "Canada as a country of the rule of law needs to respect its contracts."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://business.financialpost.com/investing/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia-after-khashoggi-killing|title=Tension between Canada and Saudi Arabia is now weighing on an American defence giant's earnings |website=Financial Post|date=2019-02-13|language=en-CA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418044259/https://business.financialpost.com/investing/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia-after-khashoggi-killing|archive-date=2019-04-18 |access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> On 30 January 2019, CEO [[Phebe Novakovic]] warned investors that the matter had "significantly impacted" the company's cash flow because Saudi Arabia was nearly $2 billion in arrears on its payments.<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics reports financial fallout with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2019/02/12/general-dynamics-reports-financial-fallout-with-saudi-arabia/ |agency=The Washington Post |work=Press Herald |quote="Our payment issue got caught up in a larger international political issue, diplomatic issue," Novacovik told investors. "While we got some payment last year, those diplomatic contretemps slowed the payment that we otherwise anticipated."}}</ref>
In 2018, General Dynamics acquired information technology services giant [[CSRA (IT services company)|CSRA]] for $9.7 billion, and merged it with GDIT.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2018/04/03/general-dynamics-completes-csra-acquisition/|title=General Dynamics completes CSRA acquisition|last=Mehta|first=Aaron|date=2018-04-04|website=Defense News|language=en-US |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref>
General Dynamics has been accused by groups such as [[Code Pink]] and [[Green America]] of "making money from human suffering by profiting off the migrant children held at U.S. detention camps"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.codepink.org/general_dynamics|title=General Dynamics: Divest from War & Prisons |publisher=Code Pink |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> due to its IT services contracts with the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]]' [[Office of Refugee Resettlement]], the government agency that operates shelters for unaccompanied children to include those separated from their families as part of the [[Trump administration family separation policy]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://qz.com/1309460/defense-contractors-like-general-dynamics-are-profiting-from-child-detention-and-you-might-be-too/ |title=US defense contractors profit from child detention—and you might, too |last=Fernholz |first=Tim |work=Quartz |access-date=2018-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article213385464.html |title=Job postings offer clues to inner workings of facilities for immigrant children |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |access-date=2018-06-20 |language=en}}</ref> The company says it has no role in constructing or operating detention centers, and that its contracts to provide training and technical services began in 2000 and have spanned across four presidential administrations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gd.com/en/about-gd/faqs|title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=General Dynamics |language=en |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref>
It was announced in September 2018 that the U.S. Navy awarded contracts for 10 new Arleigh Burke-class destroyers from General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls Industries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MarEx |title=U.S. Navy Places Advance Order for 10 New Destroyers |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/u-s-navy-places-advance-order-for-10-new-destroyers |website=maritime-executive.com |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
Former [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] General [[Jim Mattis]] re-joined the company's [[board of directors]] in August 2019. He had previously served on the board, but resigned and divested before becoming Secretary of Defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://politi.co/2OJGryI|title=Jim Mattis rejoining General Dynamics board of directors|last=Feldscher|first=Jacqueline|website=Politico|language=en |access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref>
In September 2020, General Dynamics announced a strategic counter-drone partnership, providing General Dynamics' global network with access to [[Dedrone Holdings|Dedrone's]] complete drone detection and defeat technology.<ref>[https://uasweekly.com/2020/09/04/general-dynamics-mission-systems-and-dedrone-enter-strategic-partnership/ "General Dynamics Mission Systems and Dedrone Enter Strategic Partnership"] ''UAS Weekly''. Retrieved September 24, 2020.</ref>
In December 2020, the board of directors for General Dynamics announced a regular quarterly dividend of $1.10, payable on February 5, 2021.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/general-dynamics-board-declares-dividend-301185056.html|access-date=2020-12-27|publisher=PR Newswire|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics Board Declares Dividend|url=https://www.wfmz.com/news/pr_newswire/pr_newswire_business/general-dynamics-board-declares-dividend/article_0fa2ec3b-7fe2-5df5-813b-077613b6640f.html|access-date=2020-12-27|publisher=WFMZ |language=en}}</ref>
On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=General Dynamics Unit Gets $4B Army Contract to Produce Modern Battle Tanks|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2020/12/general-dynamics-unit-gets-4b-army-contract-to-produce-modern-battle-tanks/|access-date=2020-12-27|language=en-US}}</ref>
In November 2021, Norway's [[Kommunal Landspensjonskasse|KLP]] fund divested from General Dynamics, citing the production of [[depleted uranium]] munitions by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems Inc. and [[General Dynamics Mission Systems]]' full life cycle support for strategic nuclear ballistic guidance and weapon control systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KLP |date=November 2021 |title=Decision to exclude companies that produce controversial weapons |url=https://www.klp.no/en/corporate-responsibility-and-responsible-investments/exclusion-and-dialogue/Decision%20to%20exclude%20companies%20that%20produce%20controversial%20weapons.pdf |access-date=18 March 2026 |website=www.klp.no}}</ref>
According to a report by [[Reuters]], General Dynamics was the primary contractor for a United States military-run [[Propaganda in the United States|propaganda]] campaign to spread disinformation about the [[Sinovac Biotech|Sinovac]] Chinese [[COVID-19]] vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore ''[[haram]]'' under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last1=Bing |first1=Chris |last2=Schechtman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during Pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The campaign primarily targeted people in the [[Philippines]] and used a social media [[hashtag]] for "China is the virus" in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref name=":6" /> The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.<ref name=":6" /> In 2024, General Dynamics IT was awarded a $493 million contract by The Pentagon.<ref name=":6" /> According to an unnamed source cited by Reuters, a military audit of General Dynamics's work on the project concluded that the company had engaged in sloppy [[tradecraft]] and took inadequate precautions to conceal the origins of the fake accounts created for the campaign.<ref name=":6" />
General Dynamics' [[Israel–United States military relations|supply of weapons to Israel]] in the [[Gaza war]] has led to protests at facilities in [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts]]; [[Lincoln, Nebraska]]; [[Saco, Maine]]; [[New London, Connecticut]]; [[Red Lion, Pennsylvania]];and [[Garland, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellow |first=Heather |date=2023-10-20 |title=Activists protest General Dynamics in Pittsfield over defense contracts and the Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/local/pittsfield-general-dynamics-israel-hamas-palestinians-war-berkshire-communists-activists/article_ec204d1c-6ee4-11ee-8e1e-cb6121da994b.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Berkshire Eagle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Palestinian Protest Outside General Dynamics |url=https://www.dailynebraskan.com/diversity_inclusion/gallery-pro-palestinian-protest-outside-general-dynamics/collection_58f97ac4-804e-11ee-b0a8-87a8bd3c9d5f.html |work=Daily Nebraskan |date=November 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portland City Council unanimously backs resolution calling for ceasefire in Gaza |url=https://mainemorningstar.com/briefs/portland-city-council-unanimously-backs-resolution-calling-for-ceasefire-in-gaza/ |work=Maine Morning Star |date=January 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2024 |title=Arrests at anti-nuke protest with Oppenheimer cutouts at Electric Boat in New London |url=https://www.theday.com/police-fire-reports/20240304/anti-nuke-protest-leads-to-arrests-at-eb-in-new-london/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.theday.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Hojun |date=2024-03-07 |title=Pro-Palestinian demonstrators arrested at Garland facility for aerospace and defense firm |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2024/03/07/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-arrested-at-garland-facility-for-aerospace-and-defense-firm/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref>
General Dynamics is the only company in the U.S. that makes the metal bodies of the [[Mark 80|MK-80 bomb]] series, the primary weapon type used in Israel's military campaign in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Acquisition 360 |url=https://sam.gov/workspace/contract/opp/b6c1e85cbf11481ab28128b8def90362/view |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=sam.gov}}</ref> The [[Mark 84 bomb|MK-84]], a munition within the MK-80 series, uses tritonal, a mixture of TNT and aluminium powder, to generate intense heat that has vaporised 2,842 civilians in Gaza, leaving little to no remains.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mansour |first=Mohammad |title=Israel used weapons in Gaza that made thousands of Palestinians evaporate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2026/2/10/israel-used-weapons-in-gaza-that-made-thousands-of-palestinians-evaporate |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:M1A1 Twin Bridges training area 2C Republic of Korea 1-23 Infantry.jpg|thumb|right|[[M1 Abrams]]]] [[File:Stryker ICV front q.jpg|thumb|right|[[Stryker]]]] [[File:GAU-17 machine gun fired from UH-1N Huey in 2006.jpg|thumb|right|[[M134 Minigun]]]] ==Operations== The company's [[Gulfstream Aerospace]] division (23% of 2024 revenues) produces [[business jet]]s including the [[Gulfstream G650/G700/G800]] series and offers [[business aircraft]] services under [[Jet Aviation]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.usaspending.gov/award/CONT_AWD_1305M222FNMAN0113_1330_1305M219DNMAN0009_1330 | title=Award Profile Contract Summary | work=[[USAspending.gov]]}}</ref><ref name=10K/> The company's marine systems division (30% of 2024 revenues) designs and builds [[nuclear submarine]]s and includes [[Bath Iron Works]], [[General Dynamics Electric Boat]], and [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]].<ref name=10K/> The company's combat systems division (19% of 2024 revenues) includes [[General Dynamics Land Systems]],<ref name=lighter>{{Cite news | url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2024/05/31/a-lighter-high-tech-abrams-tank-is-taking-shape/ | title=A lighter, high-tech Abrams tank is taking shape | first=Jen | last=Judson | work=[[Defense News]] | date=May 31, 2024}}</ref> [[General Dynamics European Land Systems]] (GDELS), [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]],<ref name=debuts>{{Cite news | url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2025/03/25/gdls-debuts-short-range-air-defense-option-for-light-units/ | title=GDLS debuts short-range air defense option for light units | first=Jen | last=Judson | work=[[Defense News]] | date=March 25, 2025}}</ref> and [[Santa Bárbara Sistemas]],<ref name=Latvia>{{Cite news | url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/11/13/latvia-selects-ascod-infantry-fighting-vehicle-for-its-land-forces/ | title=Latvia selects Ascod infantry fighting vehicle for its land forces | first=Jaroslaw | last=Adamowski | work=[[Defense News]] | date=November 13, 2024}}</ref> and produces [[Phalanx CIWS]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.twz.com/sea/phalanx-ciws-costs-3500-per-second-in-ammo-to-fire | title=Phalanx CIWS Costs $3,500 Per Second In Ammo To Fire | first=Joseph | last=Trevithick | work=[[Popular Science]] | date=March 13, 2024}}</ref> [[Expeditionary tank]]s, the [[M1 Abrams]] series [[main battle tank]],<ref name=lighter/> [[Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle]]s,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2010/navy/2010efv.pdf?ver=2019-08-22-112818-973 | title=Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) | work=[[Office of the Secretary of Defense]]}}</ref> [[M104 Wolverine]],<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/M104_Wolverine_American_Armored_Bridgelayer/1000 | title=M104 Wolverine American Armored Bridgelayer | publisher=[[United States Army]]}}</ref> [[LAV III]],<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/procurement/light-armoured-vehicle-iii-upgrade.html | title=Light armoured vehicle III upgrade (LAVUP) | date=December 13, 2018 | publisher=[[Government of Canada]]}}</ref> [[Stryker]] [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://thedefensepost.com/2024/08/02/us-stryker-sustainment-general-dynamics/ | title=US Army Taps General Dynamics for Stryker Vehicle Sustainment | first=Rojoef | last=Manuel | work=[[Defense News]] | date=August 2, 2024}}</ref> [[XM2001 Crusader]] self-propelled howitzer,<ref>{{Cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qe8FMvEHa94 | title=XM2001 Crusader 155mm SP Howitzer | via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> [[Minigun|GAU-17]] (Minigun),<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.guns.com/news/2012/02/08/brought-to-you-by-ge-the-m134-minigun | title=Brought to You By GE: The M134 Minigun | work=Guns.com}}</ref> [[GAU-19]],<ref>{{Cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1VMHQzwDwc | title=General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems - GAU-19/B .50 Cal Gatling Gun | via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> [[ASCOD AFV]],<ref name=Latvia/> [[Pandur II]],<ref name=debuts/> [[Mowag]] (including [[Mowag Duro]], [[Mowag Eagle]], and [[Mowag Piranha]]),<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/gdels-presents-its-latest-piranha-hmc | title=GDELS presents its latest Piranha HMC | work=EDR Magazine | date=April 15, 2024}}</ref> [[Leopard 2E]],<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.asdnews.com/news/defense/2025/03/20/gdels-ready-upgrade-spanish-leopard-2e-fleet | title=GDELS Ready for the Upgrade of the Spanish LEOPARD 2E Fleet | work=ASD News | date=March 20, 2025 }}</ref> and [[Scout SV]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.army-technology.com/projects/scout-specialist-vehicle/ | title=Ajax (Scout SV) Reconnaissance Specialist Vehicle | work=Army Technology}}</ref><ref name=10K/> The company's technologies division (28% of 2024 revenues) includes [[General Dynamics Mission Systems]] and provides services such as consulting, mission-support, mobile communication, computers, command-and-control and cyber (C5) mission systems, and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.<ref name=10K/> It is modernizing the information technology systems of the [[United States Central Command]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.usaspending.gov/award/CONT_AWD_47QFCA24F0009_4732_47QTCK18D0003_4732 | title=Award Profile Contract Summary | work=[[USAspending.gov]]}}</ref> and for the [[Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services]].<ref name=10K/><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtontechnology.com/contracts/2025/02/general-dynamics-it-wins-1b-cms-cloud-recompete/403295/ | title=General Dynamics IT wins $1B CMS cloud recompete | first=Ross | last=Wilkers | work=[[Washington Technology]] | date=February 26, 2025}}</ref>
==Acquisitions timeline== <!-- {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} -->
===20th-century acquisitions=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Acquisition !Business group |- !1947 |[[Canadair]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |publisher=General Dynamics |url=https://www.gd.com/about-gd/our-history |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1953 |[[Convair]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/03/02/archives/boards-approve-convair-merger-general-dynamics-to-step-up-as-vast.html|title=Boards Approve Convair Merger; General Dynamics to Step Up as Vast Defense Complex if Stockholders Concur|work=The New York Times|date=March 2, 1954 |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1955 |[[Stromberg-Carlson]]<ref name="history3">{{cite web|url=https://www.gd.com/about-gd/our-history|title=Our History|publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1957 |Liquid Carbonic Corporation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explore.chicagocollections.org/marcxml/chicagohistory/30/rj49z1s/|title=Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation records|publisher=Chicago Collections |access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1959 |Material Service Corporation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irving Crown, who helped found the Material Service Corp.,... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/02/Irving-Crown-who-helped-found-the-Material-Service-Corp/4418541659600/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> | |- !1982 |Chrysler's combat systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=1982-03-17 |title=Chrysler Unit Sold |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/17/business/chrysler-unit-sold.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1995 |[[Bath Iron Works]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1995-08-18 |title=General Dynamics to Buy Bath Iron Works Shipyard : Defense: The purchase would give the contractor access to $2 billion in orders for Navy ships. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-18-fi-36555-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1996 |Teledyne Vehicle Systems<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/08/business/450-million-dynamics-deal-for-two-units.html|title=$450 Million Dynamics Deal For Two Units|work=The New York Times|date=November 8, 1996 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1997 |Advanced Technology Systems<ref>{{Cite news|title=General Dynamics Will Acquire Pair of Lockheed Martin Units |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB84737564019142500 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Lockheed Martin Defense Systems<ref name="Washington Business Journal">{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/03/24/daily5.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619083016/http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/03/24/daily5.html|title=Lockheed Martin improves debt rating|website=[[Washington Business Journal]]|archivedate=June 19, 2002|date=1997|accessdate=June 20, 2024}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Lockheed Martin Armament Systems<ref name="Washington Business Journal"/> |Combat Systems |- !1997 |Computing Devices International<ref>{{Cite web |title=Computing Devices International :: Rochester Avionic Archives |url=https://rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk/manufacturer/computing-devices-international |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=rochesteravionicarchives.co.uk}}</ref> |Technologies |- !1998 |[[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1998-10-09 |title=Defense Giant to Purchase Nassco for $415 Million |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-09-fi-30651-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !1999 |[[Gulfstream Aerospace]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-05-18 |title=Forstmann Nets $5B from Gulfstream Sale |newspaper=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/1999/05/18/forstmann-nets-5b-from-gulfstream-sale/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !1999 |GTE Government Systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=1999-06-23 |title=General Dynamics, GTE in Deal |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-23-fi-49320-story.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2000 |[[SACO Defense|Saco Defense]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=13292|title=General Dynamics Completes Acquisition of Saco Defense Corp.|date=June 30, 2000|publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=28 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052121/http://www.generaldynamics.com/news/press-releases/detail.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1811=13292|archive-date=29 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.courant.com/1998/05/20/colts-agrees-to-buy-gunmaker-in-maine/|title=Colt's Agrees To Buy Gunmaker In Maine|date=May 20, 1998|newspaper=[[Hartford Courant]] |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> |Combat Systems |} <!-- </div> -->
<div style=display:inline-table>
===21st-century acquisitions===
{| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Acquisition !Business group |- !2001 |PrimeX Technologies Inc.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/stories/2001/01/22/daily19.html "Primex Technologies acquired by General Dynamics"] Tampa Bay Business Journal, January 24, 2001.</ref> |Technologies |- !2001 |Motorola Integrated Systems<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-08-07 |title=General Dynamics to By a Motorola Unit |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/07/business/company-news-general-dynamics-to-buy-a-motorola-unit.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2001 |[[Gulfstream Aerospace|Galaxy Aerospace Company]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB988724351894337276|title=General Dynamics Agrees to Buy Galaxy Aerospace for $330 Million|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 1, 2001 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2001 |[[Santa Bárbara Sistemas]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=DK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9I_DgAAQBAJ&dq=Acquired+Spain's+%5B%5BGeneral+Dynamics+Santa+B%C3%A1rbara+Sistemas%7CSanta+B%C3%A1rbara+Sistemas%5D%5D,+one+of+the+world's+oldest+arms+manufacturers.&pg=PA140 |title=Tank: The Definitive Visual History of Armored Vehicles |date=2017-04-04 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4654-6603-7 |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2002 |EWK Eisenwerke Kaiserslautern<ref>{{cite web |title=General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS) - Defence Procurement International |url=https://www.defenceprocurementinternational.com/profile/general-dynamics-european-land-systems |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=defenceprocurementinternational.com}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2003 |[[GM Defense]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} GM Defense L.L.C. |url=https://www.gmdefensellc.com/content/site/us/en/gm-defense/home/about/history.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=gmdefensellc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Defense - A Case Study of Success |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2021/6/4/gm-defense---a-case-study-of-success |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Defense Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2003 |[[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]] Spezialfahrzeug{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} |Combat Systems |- !2003 |Veridian and Digital Systems Resources<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics to acquire DSR in Fairfax|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2003/07/28/daily24.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=bizjournals.com}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2003 |Datron's [[Intercontinental Manufacturing Company]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aviationweek.com/brief-general-dynamics-completes-imco-buy|title=In Brief: General Dynamics completes IMCO buy|work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|date=September 5, 2003 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2004 |[[Spectrum Astro]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics finishes buy of Spectrum Astro |url=https://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2004/07/12/general-dynamics-finishes-buy-of-spectrum-astro.aspx |website=washingtontechnology.com |date=12 July 2004 |access-date=2019-11-09}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2004 |[[MOWAG]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-03-11 |title=Alvis bought out by General Dynamics |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/mar/11/themilitary.money |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2005 |MAYA Viz Ltd <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2005/04/02/Defense-giant-buys-Maya-Viz/stories/200504020124|title=Defense giant buys Maya Viz|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|last=Shropshire|first=Corilyn|date=April 2, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2005 |[[Tadpole Computer]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aviationweek.com/general-dynamics-acquires-tadpole-computer|title=General Dynamics acquires Tadpole Computer|work=Aviation Week & Space Technology|date=August 17, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2005 |Itronix<ref>{{Cite news |title=Goodbye Itronix. General Dynamics pulls the plug on line of ultrarugged computers |website=The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/blogs/officehours/2013/apr/30/goodbye-itronix-general-dynamics-plugs-plug-line-ultrarugged-computers/ |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2006 |FC Business Systems <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2005/12/14/general-dynamics-to-buy-fc-systems/ed0f2304-1087-4c48-b112-421a23479327/|title=General Dynamics to Buy FC Systems |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|last=Merle|first=Renae|date=December 14, 2005 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2006 |Anteon International<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16713105/general-dynamics-to-acquire-anteon-for-22-billion |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=militaryaerospace.com|date=14 December 2005 }}</ref> |Technologies |- !2007 |Mediaware International <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16724900/general-dynamics-acquires-mediaware-international|title=General Dynamics acquires Mediaware International|publisher=Military & Aerospace Electronics|date=November 15, 2007|access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2008 |ViPS, Inc.<ref>[http://investor.shareholder.com/hlth/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=313710 "HLTH Announces Agreement to Sell ViPS Unit to General Dynamics for $225 Million"]. HLTH Corporation Press Release, June 3, 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011012055/http://investor.shareholder.com/hlth/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=313710 |date=October 11, 2008}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2008 |[[Jet Aviation]]<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/19/AR2008081902603.html?hpid=sec-business "General Dynamics to Boost Gulfstream With Jet Aviation Purchase"]. ''The Washington Post'', August 20, 2008.</ref> |Aerospace |- !2009 |Axletech International<ref>[https://www.carlyle.com/media-room/news-release-archive/general-dynamics-completes-acquisition-axletech-international "General Dynamics Completes Acquisition of AxleTech International"]. The Carlyle Group, January 4, 2009.</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2010 |Kylmar Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://archive.boston.com/business/articles/2010/06/22/general_dynamics_acquires_kylmar_ltd/ |title=General Dynamics acquires Kylmar Ltd.|work=The Boston Globe |access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2011 |[[Vangent]], Inc.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/general-dynamics-to-acquire-arlington-contractor-for-nearly-1-billion/2011/08/16/gIQAHHKkJJ_story.html "General Dynamics to Acquire Arlington Contractor for Nearly $1 Billion"]. ''The Washington Post'', August 16, 2011.</ref> |Technologies |- !2011 |Metro Machine Imperial Docks Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics completes Metro Machine {{as written|acqu|istion [sic]}} |url=https://www.pilotonline.com/business/shipyards/article_05a039a4-0ce4-5165-b994-ffa65b624422.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Virginian-Pilot}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2011 |[[Force Protection Inc]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-generaldynamics-idUSTRE7A64U420111107 General Dynamics to buy Force Protection]. Reuters.</ref> |Combat Systems |- !2012 |Earl Industries’ Ship Repair Division<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/defense-executive/article/16720256/general-dynamics-to-acquire-ship-repair-division-of-earl-industries |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=militaryaerospace.com|date=3 July 2012 }}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2012 |Open Kernel Labs<ref>[http://www.nicta.com.au/media/current/general_dynamics_acquires_nicta_start-up_open_kernel_labs General Dynamics acquires NICTA start-up Open Kernel Labs]. NICTA, September 12, 2012.</ref> |Technologies |- !2012 |Applied Physical Sciences<ref>{{cite press release |title=General Dynamics Acquires Applied Physical Sciences Corp. |url=http://www.gd.com/news/press-releases/2012/12/general-dynamics-acquires-applied-physical-sciences-corp |date=December 21, 2012 |publisher=General Dynamics |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220034010/http://www.gd.com/news/press-releases/2012/12/general-dynamics-acquires-applied-physical-sciences-corp |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2016 |[[Bluefin Robotics]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=General Dynamics Mission Systems Acquires Bluefin Robotics |url=https://gdmissionsystems.com/articles/2016/02/22/news-2016-general-dynamics-mission-systems-acquires-bluefin-robotics |date=February 23, 2016 |publisher=General Dynamics Mission Systems}}</ref> |Marine Systems |- !2018 |[[CSRA Inc.|CSRA]] Inc.<ref name="USA T2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-buying-csra-6-8-billion/328387002/ |title=General Dynamics buying CSRA for about $6.8 billion|author=The Associated Press|author-link=The Associated Press|work=[[USA Today]] |location=[[McLean, Virginia]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNBC 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-to-buy-csra-for-9-point-6-billion-in-cash.html |title=General Dynamics to buy government IT contractor CSRA for $6.8 billion |agency=Reuters |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal Television Group#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]] |location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="TWSJ 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-dynamics-buying-csra-for-6-8-billion-1518436856 |title=General Dynamics Buying CSRA for $6.8 Billion |first1=Doug |last1=Cameron |first2=Cara |last2=Lombardo |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=[[New York City]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> |Technologies |- !2018 |[[Hawker Pacific Aerospace|Hawker Pacific]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-12 |title=General Dynamics' unit buys HNA's Hawker Pacific for $250 million |language=en |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hawker-pacific-m-a-general-dynamics-idUSKBN1HJ0GV |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Aerospace |- !2018 |FWW Fahrzeugwerk GmbH<ref>{{Cite news |title=GD European Land Systems acquires Germany's FWW Fahrzeugwerk |url=https://www.asdnews.com/news/defense/2018/12/03/gd-european-land-systems-acquires-germanys-fww-fahrzeugwerk-gmbh |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=asdnews.com |language=EN}}</ref> |Combat Systems |} </div>
<div style=display:inline-table>
===Divestitures=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Divestiture !Purchaser |- !1953 |Liquid Carbonic Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=https://explore.chicagocollections.org/marcxml/chicagohistory/30/rj49z1s/ |title=ECC {{!}} Liquid Carbonic Industries Corporation records |publisher=Chicago Collections |access-date=April 24, 2020}}</ref> |Houston Natural Gas Co. |- !1957 |Asbestos Corporation Limited |Société nationale de l'amiante (SNA) |- !1967 |[[General Atomics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/general-atomics-history/ |title=History of General Atomics |publisher=FundingUniverse |access-date=April 24, 2020}}</ref> |[[Gulf Oil]] |- !1976 |[[Canadair]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=General Dynamics History: Founding, Timeline, and Milestones |url=https://www.zippia.com/general-dynamics-careers-4875/history/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=zippia.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |Canadian government |- !1991 |Data Systems Division<ref name="Los Angeles Times">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-06-mn-432-story.html General Dynamics Sells a Third San Diego Unit]. Los Angeles Times, October 06, 1992.</ref> |[[Computer Sciences Corporation]] |- !1995 |Tactical Missiles Division |[[Hughes Aircraft Company]] |- !1992 |[[Cessna]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cessna History 1927–1939 |url=http://cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html |url-status=dead |publisher=Cessna |access-date=May 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227150253/http://cessna.com/CessnaHistory/His/History-1927-1939.html |archive-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref> |[[Textron]] |- !1992 |Electronics Division<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Dynamics to sell electronics unit |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/10/05/General-Dynamics-to-sell-electronics-unit/7380718257600/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> |[[The Carlyle Group]] |- !1993 |Fort Worth Division (F-16s)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lockheed completes acquisition of GD's Fort Worth division |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/03/01/Lockheed-completes-acquisition-of-GDs-Fort-Worth-division/8147730962000/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |publisher=UPI |language=en}}</ref> |[[Lockheed Corporation]] |- !1994 |Space Systems Division<ref>{{cite news |title=General Dynamics Sells Atlas Rocket Unit |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-12-23-fi-4948-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |date=23 December 1993 |access-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> |Martin Marietta |- !1994 |Convair's aerostructure unit<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-02-fi-11075-story.html |title=Convair Plant in San Diego to Close by 1996: Manufacturing: Move will end 1,900 jobs and the city's long tradition of building planes |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |last=Kraul |first=Chris |date=July 2, 1994 |access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref> |[[McDonnell Douglas]] |- !2006 |Material Service<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanson complete acquisition of Material Service |website=Agg-Net |date=October 2006 |url=https://www.agg-net.com/news/hanson-complete-acquisition-of-material-service |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref> |Hanson |- !2007 |Freeman United Coal Mining Co.<ref>[http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1054910/crown_ii_mine_closing_freeman_coal_sold_to_new_company Crown II Mine Closing; Freeman Coal Sold to New Company]. Red Orbit, September 4, 2007.</ref> |Springfield Coal Co. |- !2010 |Spacecraft development and manufacturing<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023171701/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9E84AEG0.htm Orbital buys General Dynamics' spacecraft business ]. BusinessWeek.</ref> |[[Orbital Sciences Corporation]] |- !2014 |Advanced Systems<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://kippsdesanto.com/deals/kippsdesanto-co-advises-general-dynamics-advanced-information-systems-inc-on-the-sale-of-its-advanced-systems-line-of-business-to-macdonald-dettwiler-and-associates-ltd/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=kippsdesanto.com|date=20 October 2014 }}</ref> |[[MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates|MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates]] |- |} </div> <!-- <div style=display:inline-table> --> ==Corporate affairs== ===Corporate governance=== General Dynamics current chairman and chief executive officer is [[Phebe Novakovic]].
{| class="wikitable" |- ! '''Board Member''' || '''Role''' |- | [[Phebe Novakovic]] || Chairman and chief executive officer |- | [[James Crown]] || Lead Director |- | [[Rudy de Leon]] || Director |- | [[Cecil D. Haney]] || Director and chair, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee |- | Mark M. Malcolm || Director |- | [[Jim Mattis]] || Director |- | C. Howard Nye || Director and chair, Audit Committee |- | Robert K. Steel || Director and chair, Sustainability Committee |- | Catherine B. Reynolds || Director and chair, Finance and Benefit Plans Committee |- | Laura J. Schumacher || Director and chair, Compensation Committee |- | John G. Stratton || Director |- | [[Peter Wall (British Army officer)|Peter A. Wall]] || Director |- |} As of December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Governance - Board of Directors |url=https://investorrelations.gd.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/default.aspx |access-date=2022-12-01 |publisher=General Dynamics}}</ref>
===Financials=== {| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;" !Year !Revenue<br />in mil. US$<ref name=macrotrends>{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Financial Statements |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/GD/general-dynamics/financial-statements |website=macrotrends.net}}</ref> !Net income<br />in mil. US$ !Assets<br />in mil. US$ !Employees |- |2005 |20,975 |1,461 |19,700 |72,200 |- |2006 |24,063 |1,856 |22,376 |81,000 |- |2007 |27,240 |2,072 |25,733 |83,500 |- |2008 |29,300 |2,459 |28,373 |92,300 |- |2009 |31,981 |2,394 |31,077 |91,700 |- |2010 |32,466 |2,624 |32,545 |90,000 |- |2011 |32,677 |2,526 |34,883 |95,100 |- |2012 |30,992 |−332 |34,309 |92,200 |- |2013 |30,930 |2,357 |35,494 |96,000 |- |2014 |30,852 |2,533 |35,337 |99,500 |- |2015 |31,781 |3,036 |31,997 |99,900 |- |2016 |30,561 |2,572 |33,172 |98,800 |- |2017 |30,973 |2,912 |35,046 |98,600 |- |2018 |36,193 |3,345 |45,408 |105,600 |- |2019 |39,350 |3,484 |49,349 |102,900 |- |2020 |37,925 |3,167 |51,308 |100,700 |- |2021 |38,469 |3,257 |50,073 |103,100 |- |2022 |39,407 |3,390 |51,585 |106,500 |} As of January 2023.<ref name=macrotrends/><ref>{{cite web |title=SEC EDGAR: General Dynamics |url=https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=40533&owner=exclude |access-date=2023-02-07 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>
=== Carbon emissions === General Dynamics reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 2021 at 696,118 mt (-8.7% year over year) and aims to reducing greenhouse gas emissions 40% by 2034. The company is on track to become carbon neutral before 2060.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/HostedData/ResponsibilityReports/PDF/NYSE_GD_2021.pdf |title=General Dynamics - 2021 Corporate Sustainability Report |pages=48–51}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |+ General Dynamics's annual total CO2e Emissions (in Metric Tons)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/HostedData/ResponsibilityReportArchive/g/NYSE_GD_2020.pdf |title=General Dynamics - 2020 Corporate Sustainability Report |pages=40}}</ref> |- ! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !2021 |- | 901,666 || 817,293 || 821,773 || 784,264 || 794,161 || 762,200 || 696,118 |681,454 |}
=== Company demographics === In 2021, General Dynamics's U.S. workforce was 21% veterans, 23% female, and 27% people of color. The US Department of Labor awarded the company the 2021 HIRE Vets Gold Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Department of Labor announces recipients of 2021 HIRE Vets Medallion Awards |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |url=https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/vets/vets20211110 |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> The company has 26 Employee Resource Groups serving 10 employee segments.<ref name="Responsibility">{{Cite web |title=General Dynamics Corporation - ResponsibilityReports.com |url=https://www.responsibilityreports.com/Company/general-dynamics-corporation |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=responsibilityreports.com}}</ref> Approximately 20% of the company's employees are represented by labor unions such as [[International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers]] (IAM), The International Union, and [[United Auto Workers]] (UAW).<ref name="Responsibility" /> Independent research published by American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), U.S. Department of Labor, ''Military Times'', ''U.S. Veterans Magazine'', ''Professional Women's Magazine'', ''Forbes'', and ''Fortune'' selected General Dynamics as a top employer.<ref name="Responsibility" /> General Dynamics' community contributions in 2021 were 70% in Education & Social Services, 18% in Arts & Culture, and 12% in Service Member Support.<ref name="Responsibility" />
==See also== {{Portal|Virginia|Companies}} * [[Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government]] * [[List of companies headquartered in Northern Virginia]] * [[List of military aircraft of the United States]] * [[List of United States defense contractors]] * [[List of current ships of the United States Navy]] * [[List of currently active United States military land vehicles]] * [[List of shipbuilders and shipyards]]
==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources=== {{Refbegin}} * Compton-Hall, Richard. ''The Submarine Pioneers''. Sutton Publishing, 1999. * Franklin, Roger. ''The Defender: The Story of General Dynamics''. Harper & Row, 1986. * General Dynamics. ''Dynamic America''. General Dynamics/Doubleday Publishing Company, 1960. * Goodwin, Jacob. ''Brotherhood of Arms: General Dynamics and the Business of Defending America''. Random House, 1985. * {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ |date=October 26, 2009 |title=Founder of the Electric Boat Company}} from a [[GeoCities]]-hosted website. Gary W. McCue. * Morris, Richard Knowles. ''John P. Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine''. The University of South Carolina Press, 1998. (Book originally copyrighted and published by the United States Naval Institute Press, 1966.) * Morris, Richard Knowles. ''Who Built Those Subs?'' (125th Anniversary issue). United States Naval Institute Press, October 1998. * Pederson, Jay P. (Ed.). ''International Directory of Company Histories'', Volume 40. St. James Press, March 2001. {{ISBN|1-55862-445-7}}. General Dynamics section, pp. 204–210. See also ''International Directory of Company Histories'', Volume 86. St. James Press, July 2007. {{ISBN|1-4144-2970-3}}. General Dynamics/Electric Boat Corporation section, pp. 136–139. * Rodengen, Jeffrey. ''Serving the Silent Service: The Legend of Electric Boat''. Write Stuff Syndicate, 1994. Account revised in the 2007 second edition. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026192115/http://geocities.com/gwmccue/ Patents owned by General Dynamics Corporation]. US Patent & Trademark Office. URL accessed on 5 December 2005. {{Refend}}
== Further reading == * Wegg J., ''General Dynamics aircraft and their predecesssors'', Putnam, London (U.K.), 1990
==External links== {{commons category|General Dynamics}} * {{Official website|https://www.gd.com/}} * [http://www.gdels.com/ General Dynamics European Land Systems (Gdels.com) site] {{Finance links | name = General Dynamics Corporation | google = GD:NYSE | reuters = GD.N | sec_cik = 40533 | yahoo = GD }}
{{General Dynamics}} {{Convair/GD aircraft}} {{S&P 500 companies}} {{Authority control}}
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