General Command of Maynas

{{Short description|Administrative district of the Spanish Empire}} {{Infobox former subdivision |native_name = Comandancia General de Maynas |conventional_long_name = General Command of Maynas |common_name = Maynas |subdivision = Governorate and General Command |nation = the Spanish Empire |capital = Moyobamba<ref name=Moyobamba>{{Cite web |url=http://www.munimoyobamba.gob.pe/Historia.php |title=Historia de Moyobamba |website=Municipalidad de Moyobamba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113045312/http://www.munimoyobamba.gob.pe/Historia.php |archive-date=2010-01-13}}</ref> |year_start = 1802 |date_start = 15 July |year_end = 1822 |date_end = 26 April |event_end = Supreme Decree |event1 = War of Independence |date_event1 = 1821–1822 |image_map = Capitania de Maynas.png |map_caption = Map with controlled (green) and claimed (light green) territory |era = Viceroyalty of Peru |image_flag = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg |flag = Flag of Spain |p1 = Governorate of Maynas |flag_p1 = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg |s1 = Department of Quijos and Maynas |flag_s1 = Flag of Peru (1821–1822).svg }} The '''General Command of Maynas'''{{efn|{{langx|es|Comandancia general de Maynas / Gobierno y comandancia general de Maynas}}. Translations in English vary, with ''General Command'' being used,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Peru and Ecuador: Notes for the History of a Frontier |last=Denegri Luna |first=Félix |publisher=Bolsa de Valores de Lima |year=1996 |pages=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VBNAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Invincible Jaén |last=Eguiguren |first=Luis Antonio |publisher=Torres Aguirre |year=1942 |pages=380 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyRxAAAAMAAJ |author-link=Luis A. Eguiguren}}</ref> but also translated as the '''General Commandery of Maynas'''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Time and Space: Latin American Regional Development in Historical Perspective |last=Tirado-Fabregat |first=Daniel A. |publisher=Springer International Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=9783030475536 |pages=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id= |last2=Badia-Miró |first2=Marc |last3=Willebald |first3=Henry}}</ref>}} was a governorate and general command of the Spanish Empire that existed from 1802 to 1822. It replaced the governorates of Quijos and Maynas, excluding the latter's village of Papallacta.

==History== [[File:Maynas española y sus reclamaciones.png|thumb|left|The area (in mustard) {{circa}} 1802.]] The territory was created through the ''real cédula'' of July 15, 1802,<ref>{{cite book|title=Anales diplomáticos y consulares de Colombia|language=es|volume=2|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Colombia|editor=Antonio José Uribe|publisher= Imprenta Nacional|location=Bogotá|year=1901|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ibo-AAAAYAAJ |page=649}}</ref> which transferred the governorates of Maynas and Quijos (excluding the village of Papallacta) into the Viceroyalty of Peru.<ref>{{cite book |title=Conflicto internacional: Ecuador y Perú |last=Coral |first=Luciano |publisher=Imprenta de "El Tiempo" |page=6 |year=1894 |language=es |location=Guayaquil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2gMAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> It was incorporated into the Protectorate of Peru as a department with the name of ''Quijos and Maynas''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/tradocestproc/clproley2001.nsf/pley/955754CC288EDAE605256D25005D3281?opendocument |title=Proyecto de Ley: declarar a la ciudad de Moyobamba capital histórica de la amazonía peruana |date=2002-05-20 |website=Congreso de la República |last=Rengifo |first=Ruiz}}</ref> following a war for the territory's independence that lasted from 1821 to 1822, during the Spanish American wars of independence.<ref name=Moyobamba/> The aforementioned department was ultimately incorporated into the Department of Trujillo in 1825.<ref name=Moyobamba/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bicentenario.gob.pe/aniversario-de-loreto-como-llego-este-conjunto-de-pueblos-a-ser-uno-de-los-departamentos-mas-grandes-del-peru/ |title=Aniversario de Loreto: ¿cómo llegó a ser uno de los departamentos más grandes del Perú? |date=2020-02-07 |work=Bicentennial of the Independence of Peru}}</ref>

After the wars of independence in Ecuador and Peru, the zone became extremely relevant for both countries, as it was a main focus of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute, which escalated in 1941 as the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War and continued to a lesser extent with skirmishes in 1995 and in 1998, the latter leading to the signing of the Brasilia Presidential Act in 1998. Additionally, it was also a focus of the territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru that escalated in 1933 with the Colombia–Peru War which concluded with the signing of the Rio Protocol the following year.

== Areas that belonged to Maynas == === Peru === * {{flagicon|PER}} Department of Loreto, Peru * {{flagicon|PER}} Department of Ucayali, Peru * {{flagicon|PER}} Department of San Martín, Peru

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Subdivisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru Category:History of Ecuador Category:Colonial Peru