{{Short description|Family of crabs}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Thelphusa indica - - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBAINV0274 094 13 0004.tif | image_caption = ''Thelphusa indica'' | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Gecarcinucidae | authority = Rathbun, 1904 <ref>{{ITIS |id=621514 |taxon=Gecarcinucidae}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See genera }}
The '''Gecarcinucidae''' are a family of true freshwater crabs. They are found throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia and New Guinea, with a single genus found in Australia.<ref name="Ng">{{cite journal|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author1=Peter K. L. Ng |author2=Danièle Guinot |author3=Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06 }}</ref>
== Taxonomy == The family '''Parathelphusidae''' is now demoted to the rank of subfamily, as the Parathelphusinae, within the Gecarcinucidae.<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |display-authors=etal |year=2009 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06}}</ref> "Family" Parathelphusidae is now considered as a junior synonym.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gecarcinucidae {family} |url=http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=79124 |access-date=5 June 2016 |publisher=Barcode of Life Systems (BOLD)}}</ref>
The Gecarcinucidae are thought to have originated in the Indian subcontinent when it was an island continent in the Paleogene, despite not being of ancient Gondwanan origins themselves (unlike other lineages that are thought to have originated in Insular India). Divergence estimates indicate that the Gecarcinucidae originate from Southeast Asian ancestors that dispersed to India during the middle Eocene, before India collided with Asia. This is thought to have occurred due to India drifting close enough to Southeast Asia to allow for biotic exchange between both regions. As the Gecarcinucidae are a freshwater group that could not disperse via marine habitats, this indicates that temporary land bridges may have formed in the Eocene between India and Southeast Asia, allowing for the dispersal of freshwater organisms to India while it was still isolated. Following the India-Asia collision, the Gecarcinucidae dispersed back into mainland Asia, and from there to Australasia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Klaus |first1=Sebastian |last2=Schubart |first2=Christoph D. |last3=Streit |first3=Bruno |last4=Pfenninger |first4=Markus |date=2010-09-17 |title=When Indian crabs were not yet Asian - biogeographic evidence for Eocene proximity of India and Southeast Asia |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=287 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-287 |issn=1471-2148 |pmc=2949875 |pmid=20849594 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2010BMCEE..10..287K }}</ref>
The Gecarcinucidae are thought to be the sister group to the Potamoidea (the superfamily comprising the Potamidae and Potamonautidae).<ref name=":0" />
==Genera== {{Div col}} {{Linked genus list | Adeleana | Bott, 1969 | Arachnothelphusa | Ng, 1991 | Aradhya | Pati, Bajantri & Hegde, 2023 | Austrothelphusa | Bott, 1969 | Bakousa | Ng, 1995 | Balssiathelphusa | Bott, 1969 | ''Baratha'' | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 | Barytelphusa | Alcock, 1909 | Ceylonthelphusa | Bott, 1969 | Clinothelphusa | Ng & Tay, 2001 | Coccusa | S. H. Tan & Ng, 1998 | Currothelphusa | Ng, 1990 | Cylindrotelphusa | Alcock, 1909 | Esanthelphusa | Naiyanetr, 1994 | Gecarcinucus | Milne Edwards, 1844 | Geelvinkia | Bott, 1974 | Geithusa | Ng, 1989 | Ghatiana | Pati & Sharma, 2014 | Globitelphusa | Alcock, 1909 | Gubernatoriana | Bott, 1970 | Guinothusa | Yeo & Ng, 2010 | Heterothelphusa | Ng & Lim, 1986 | Holthuisana | Bott, 1969 | Inglethelphusa | Bott, 1970 | Irmengardia | Bott, 1969 | ''Kani'' | Kumar, Raj & Ng, 2017 | ''Lamella'' | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 | Lepidopthelphusa | Colosi, 1920 | Liotelphusa | Alcock, 1909 | Mahatha | Ng & Tay, 2001 | Mainitia | Bott, 1969 | Maydelliathelphusa | Bott, 1969 | Mekhongthelphusa | Naiyanetr, 1985 | Migmathelphusa | O. K. S. Chia & Ng, 2006 | Nautilothelphusa | Balss, 1933 | Niasathelphusa | Ng, 1991 | Oziotelphusa | Muller, 1887 | Parathelphusa | H. Milne Edwards, 1853 | ''Pastilla'' | Ng & Tay, 2001 | Patithelphusa | Mitra et al., 2025<ref>Mitra S, Rath S, Jung W-K, Kim H-W, Kundu S (2025) Scuttling in the highlands: Discovery of a new genus and species of freshwater crabs (Decapoda, Gecarcinucidae) from the Eastern Ghats, India. ZooKeys 1257: 71-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1257.156494 </ref> | Perbrinckia | Bott, 1969 | Perithelphusa | Man, 1899 | Phricotelphusa | Alcock, 1909 | Pilarta | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 | Rouxana | Bott, 1969 | Salangathelphusa | Bott, 1968 | Sartoriana | Bott, 1969 | Sayamia | Naiyanetr, 1994 | Sendleria | Bott, 1969 | Siamthelphusa | Bott, 1968 | Snaha | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 | Sodhiana | Yeo & Ng, 2012 | Somanniathelphusa | Bott, 1968 | Spiralothelphusa | Bott, 1968 | Stygothelphusa | Ng, 1989 | Sundathelphusa | Bott, 1969 | Syntripsa | O. K. S. Chia & Ng, 2006 | Terrathelphusa | Ng, 1989 | Thaksinthelphusa | Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993 | Thelphusula | Bott, 1969 | Torhusa | Ng, 1997 | Travancoriana | Bott, 1969 | ''Vanni'' | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 | ''Vela'' | Bahir & Yeo, 2007 }} {{Div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Gecarcinucidae Category:Taxa named by Mary J. Rathbun Category:Decapod families