{{Short description|Lake in Kosovo and Serbia}} {{Infobox lake | name = Gazivoda Lake | image = Jezero Gazivode.jpg | caption = Gazivoda Lake | location = Kosovo, Serbia | coords = {{coord|42|57|42|N|20|34|1|E|display=inline,title}} | inflow = Ibar River | basin_countries = Serbia, Kosovo | length = {{convert|16.5|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1.10|km|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|11.9|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|105|m|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|694|m|abbr=on}} | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Kosovo#Serbia#Europe | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Gazivoda Lake in Kosovo. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | other_name = Ujman Lake }} '''Gazivoda Lake''' (''{{langx|sr|Језеро Газиводе}}'') or '''Ujman Lake''' ({{langx|sq|Liqeni i Ujmanit}}), is an artificial lake in Kosovo and Serbia.<ref name="WarranderKnaus20102">{{cite book |author1=Gail Warrander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSaH1bKAb8QC&pg=PA279 |title=Kosovo |author2=Verena Knaus |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84162-331-3 |pages=279–}}</ref> Gazivoda Lake has an area of {{convert|12|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of which {{convert|9.2|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} reside in North Kosovo and {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in Serbia. The lake is formed by the damming of the Ibar River.
== History == As a project, the damming of the Ibar for the creation of a reservoir and thus the generation of hydroelectricity existed since the 1960s to cover for the energy needs of the population and the economy of Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo which were expanding at the time. Gazivoda was created between 1973 and 1978. Some sources claim that up to 1000<ref>{{Cite web |last=Serbia |first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of |title=Istorija jezera Gazivode |url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/1451381/istorija-jezera-gazivode.html |access-date=2020-04-04 |website=www.rts.rs}}</ref> or 230 people that lived in area were relocated.<ref name="Terminski2">{{cite book |last1=Terminski |first1=Bogumil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WW8xCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA192 |title=Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Causes, Consequences, and Socio-Legal Context |date=2014 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-3838267234 |page=192 |ref=Terminski |accessdate=3 April 2020}}</ref> The project was undertaken by Energoprojekt, the state company of Yugoslavia for the development of hydropower. The main contractor was Belgrade-based company "Hidrotehnika".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazivode {{!}} Srbija - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d. |url=http://hidroenergetika.co.rs/srbija/gazivode/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305135619/http://hidroenergetika.co.rs/srbija/gazivode/ |archive-date=2021-03-05 |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=hidroenergetika.co.rs}}</ref><ref name="EnergoProjekt2">{{cite web |title=Energoprojekt |url=http://www.energoprojekt.rs/who-we-are/?lang=en |accessdate=3 April 2020 |ref=EnergoProjekt}}</ref>
The construction of Gazivoda cost $90 million. Half of it was financed by the fund for infrastructure development of Yugoslavia, a fund which was paid for by taxation in all federal republics and autonomous regions. The other 50% was financed by loans from the World Bank. The dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s and the independence of Kosovo in 2008 have resulted in a dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the Kosovo about the ownership of Gazivoda.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 August 2013 |title=Neprihvatljivo je da imovina Srbije pripadne Prištini |url=https://www.danas.rs/ekonomija/neprihvatljivo-je-da-imovina-srbije-pripadne-pristini/ |accessdate=29 June 2018 |publisher=Danas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Stojanović, M |date=18 March 2017 |title=Seljimi: Nema razgovora sa Beogradom o imovini |url=https://www.danas.rs/politika/seljimi-nema-razgovora-sa-beogradom-o-imovini/ |accessdate=29 June 2018 |publisher=Danas}}</ref> Serbian sources maintain that it should be recognized as the legal owner of the project as most loan obligations were transferred to Serbia in the post-Yugoslav era.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Serbia |first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of |title=Istorija jezera Gazivode |url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/1451381/istorija-jezera-gazivode.html |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=www.rts.rs}}</ref> Kosovan sources maintain that the legal entity responsible for the loans by the World Bank was the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, while Serbia as a legal entity was not involved in the financing of the project. Kosovo further asserts that indemnities to the people that were relocated both in the Autonomous Province and Kosovo and Serbia were paid solely by the institutions of Province of Kosovo.<ref name="VllasiMustafa2">{{cite web |date=18 August 2018 |title=Ujmani, objekt strategjik: Kur e si u ndërtua? |url=http://www.veriu.info/ujmani-objekt-strategjik-kur-e-si-u-ndertua/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415044313/http://veriu.info/ujmani-objekt-strategjik-kur-e-si-u-ndertua/ |archive-date=15 April 2021 |accessdate=3 April 2020 |publisher=Veriu |ref=VllasiMustafa}}</ref>
==Archeological findings== In the area of the Ibar basin, a Roman necropolis and the medieval court of Helen of Anjou, Queen of Serbia was located in Brnjak, near Zubin Potok where she founded a vocational course for poor girls that locals have called ''the first school for women in the Balkans''.<ref name="politika2">{{Cite web |title=У дубинама Газивода непроцењива ризница српске културе |url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/410597/Drustvo/U-dubinama-Gazivoda-neprocenjiva-riznica-sccpske-kulture |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=Politika Online}}</ref><ref name="gazivoda2">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=Istoričarka Katarina Mitrović o filmu "Gazivode, putevima Jelene Anžujske" |url=https://www.bastabalkana.com/2018/09/istoricarka-katarina-mitrovic-o-filmu-gazivode-putevima-jelene-anzujske/ |access-date=2020-04-03 |website=Bašta Balkana Magazin |language=sr-RS}}</ref> In the lake, tombstones, possibly medieval artifacts, Serbian Orthodox churches, and 19th-century houses have been found. Whether they are related to ancient and medieval periods remains unclear. A team of Russian archaeologists has undertaken the project of mapping archaeological findings in the lake and investigating any possible links to antiquity.<ref name="politika2" /><ref name="gazivoda2" />
==References== <references responsive="1"></references> {{commons category}}{{Lakes in Kosovo}} Category:Zubin Potok Category:Tutin, Serbia Category:Lakes of Kosovo Category:Lakes of Serbia Category:International lakes of Europe