{{Short description|Festival and exposition to celebrate gardening and gardens}} {{More citations needed|date=November 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Unreferenced section|date=November 2021}} [[File:Gronau Laga 2.jpg|thumb|Landesgartenschau Gronau 2003]]
A '''garden festival''' is a [[festival]] and [[Trade fair|exposition]] held to celebrate the [[art]]s of [[gardening]], [[garden design]], [[landscaping]] and [[landscape architecture]]. There are local garden festivals, regional garden festivals, national garden festivals and international garden festivals. The idea probably originated with Germany's [[Bundesgartenschau]]. The UK held [[national garden festival|five garden festivals]] in the period 1984–1992.
To qualify as an international exhibition, an expo must be recognised by the [[Bureau International des Expositions]] (BIE), which was established by a diplomatic international convention, signed in Paris, in 1928. Horticultural expos can also be recognised by the [[AIPH|International Association of Horticultural Producers]] (IAHP / AIPH). To qualify as a national exhibition, a garden festival must be recognised by a national government.{{clarification needed|date=November 2021|reason=Who sets this qualification criterion?}}
Because garden design is becoming more popular and featuring on TV,{{when|date=November 2021}} there is an ever-growing number of garden festivals: permanent and temporary, official and non-official. One of the best known is International Garden Festival held on a permanent site at Chaumont in France. Despite the name, Chaumont does not come within the BIE definition of an 'international' festival. Other shows feature garden design but describe themselves as 'flower shows'. The best-known example in this category, the [[Chelsea Flower Show]], emphasises garden design. It spun off a [[Chelsea Fringe]] events in 2012 which featured a variety of unusual gardens and gardening across London.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
==List of International Garden Festivals (BIE recognised)==
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! City ! Name ! Year ! Theme !BIE<br/>recognised<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/expos/horticultural-exhibition.html|title=International Horticultural Exhibitions|access-date=22 January 2011|archive-date=8 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608211329/http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/expos/horticultural-exhibition.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | {{flag|Japan}} || [[Yokohama]] || World Horticultural Exhibition YOKOHAMA 2027 || 2027 ||Scenery of the Future for Happiness ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Ruhr]] Region from [[Dortmund]] to [[Duisburg]] || Green Ruhr 2027 || 2027 || Stadt der Städte ||Yes |- | {{flag|Thailand}} || [[Udon Thani]] || Udon Thani International Horticultural Expo 2026 || 2026 || Diversity of Life ||Yes |- |{{flag|Qatar}} |[[Doha]] |Qatar Expo 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/2021-doha|title=Qatar develops "Green Desert" vision for Horticultural Expo 2021 Doha|last=Expositions|first=Bureau International|date=7 June 2019|work=BIE|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412092245/https://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/2021-doha|url-status=live}}</ref> |2023 |Green Desert, Better Environment |Yes |- |{{flag|Netherlands}}||[[Amsterdam]]-[[Almere]]|| [[Floriade 2022|Floriade Amsterdam-Almere 2022]] || 2022 ||Growing Green Cities ||Yes |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Beijing]] || [[Expo 2019|Expo 2019 Beijing China]] || 2019 ||Live Green, Live Better ||Yes |- | {{flag|Turkey}} || [[Antalya]] || [[Expo 2016|Expo 2016 Antalya]] || 2016 ||Flowers and Children ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Venlo]] || [[Floriade 2012|Floriade 2012 Venlo]] || 2012 ||Be part of the theatre in nature; get closer to the quality of life ||Yes |- | {{flag|Thailand}} || [[Chiang Mai]] || [[Royal Flora Ratchaphruek|International Horticultural Exposition Royal Flora Ratchaphruek 2006]] || 2006 ||To Express the Love for Humanity ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Rostock]] || [[2003 World Horticultural Exposition|IGA Rostock 2003 – Internationale Gartenbauausstellung 2003 Hansestadt Rostock]] || 2003 ||A Seaside Park. A new flowered world ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Haarlemmermeer]] || [[Floriade 2002]] || 2002 || The contribution of the Netherlands horticulture and international horticulture in the quality of life in the 21st century ||Yes |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Kunming]] || [[1999 World Horticultural Exposition|International Horticultural Exhibition Kunming 1999]] || 1999 ||Man and Nature - Marching into the 21st century ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Stuttgart]] || [[1993 World Horticultural Exposition|IGA Stuttgart 93 – V Internationale Gartenbauausstellung]] || 1993 ||City and Nature - Responsible Approach ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Zoetermeer]] || [[Floriade 1992|Floriade The Hague-Zoetermeer 1992]] || 1992 ||Horticulture is being involved in a continuous process of renewal in the field of quality, technique, science and management ||Yes |- | {{flag|Japan}} || [[Osaka]] || [[Expo '90|International Garden and Greenery Exposition, Osaka, Japan 1990]] || 1990 || The Harmonious Coexistence of Nature and Mankind ||Yes |- | {{flag|Great Britain}} || [[Liverpool]] || [[International Garden Festival|International Garden Festival Liverpool '84]] || 1984 ||The progress accomplished by International and National Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Munich]] || [[International Garden Expo 83|IGA 83 München – IV Internationale Gartenbauausstellung]] || 1983 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Amsterdam]] || [[Floriade 1982|Floriade Amsterdam 1982]] || 1982 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Canada}} || [[Montreal]] || [[Floralies Internationales de Montréal]] || 1980 ||Relationship between man's socio-cultural activities and his physical environment ||Yes |- | {{flag|Austria}} || [[Vienna]] || [[Wiener Internationale Gartenschau 74|WIG 74 – Wiener Internationale Gartenschau 1974]] || 1974 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Hamburg]] || [[Internationale Gartenbauausstellung 73]] || 1973 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Amsterdam]] || [[Floriade 1972|Floriade Amsterdam 1972]] || 1972 ||Efforts accomplished by International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|France}} || [[Paris]] || [[Parc floral de Paris|Floralies Internationales Paris 1969]] || 1969 ||Flowers of France and Flowers of the World ||Yes |- | {{flag|Austria}} || [[Vienna]] || WIG 64 – Wiener Internationale Gartenschau || 1964 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Germany}} || [[Hamburg]] || IGA 63 – Internationale Gartenbauausstellung Hamburg 1963 || 1963 ||Horticulture of all Categories from the Point of View of Economics and Culture ||Yes |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Rotterdam]] || [[Floriade 1960|Floriade International Horticultural Exhibition 1960]] || 1960 ||International Horticulture ||Yes |}
===List of other garden festivals=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Country !! City !! Festival name !! Year(s) !! Dates !! Type !! AIPH<br/>classification<ref>{{cite web |title=International Horticultural Exhibitions: History of exhibitions |publisher=[[International Association of Horticultural Producers|AIPH]] |url=http://aiph.org/events/exhibitions/#tab-1435055392614-7-7 |access-date=20 June 2016 |archive-date=22 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122184701/http://aiph.org/events/exhibitions/#tab-1435055392614-7-7 |url-status=live }}</ref>!!BIE<br/>recognised<ref name="auto"/> |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[England]] || [[Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival]] || 1986 || 1 May – 26 October|| National || || No |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] || [[Glasgow Garden Festival]] || 1988 || 28 April – 26 September|| National || || No |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Gateshead]], [[England]] || [[Gateshead Garden Festival]] || 1990 || 1 May – 4 October|| National || || No |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Ebbw Vale]], [[Wales]] || [[Ebbw Vale Garden Festival]] || 1992 || 1 May – 4 October|| National || || No |- | {{flag|United States}} || [[Columbus, Ohio]] || [[AmeriFlora '92]] || 1992 || 3 April – 12 October || International || || No |- | {{flag|France}} || [[Dijon]] || [[Florissimo]] || 2005, 2010, 2015 || || National || B2 || No |- | {{flag|Brazil}} || [[Festival de Holambra]] || [[ExpoFlora]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expoflora.com.br/|title=40ª Expoflora • Holambra | O Maior Festival de Flores e Plantas do Brasil|website=Expoflora Holambra|accessdate=25 June 2023|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607152750/https://expoflora.com.br/|url-status=live}}</ref> || 2005 || || National || B2 || No |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Shenyang]] || [[Shenyang China International Horticultural Exposition 2006|International Horticultural Exposition 2006]] || 2006 || 1 May – 31 October || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|Singapore}} ||[[Singapore]] || [[Singapore Garden Festival]] || 2006<br/>and biennially since || 16–25 December || International || n/a || No |- | {{flag|Myanmar}} || Pyin Oo Lwin || [[National Kandawgyi Gardens]] || 2005–2017 || December || National || N/A || No |- | {{flag|France}} || [[Dijon]] || [[Florissimo]] || 2010 || 11–21 March || National || || No |- | {{flag|Republic of China}} || [[Taipei]] || [[Taipei International Flora Exposition]] || 2010–2011 || 6 November – 25 April || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|Australia}} || [[Melbourne]] || [[Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show]] || 1995— || 30 March – 3 April || International || n/a || No |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Xi'an]] || [[Xi'an China International Horticultural Exposition 2011|International Horticultural Exposition 2011]] || 2011 || 22 April – 28 October || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|South Korea}} || [[Suncheon]] || [[2013 Suncheon Garden Expo Korea|Suncheon International Garden Expo(Korea)]] || 2013 || 20 April – 20 October || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Jinzhou]] || [[Jinzhou China International Horticultural Exposition 2013|International Horticultural Exposition 2013]] || 2013 || 10 May – 31 October || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Qingdao]] || [[Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition 2014]] || 2014 || 25 April – 25 October || International || A2/B1 || No |- | {{flag|France}} || [[Dijon]] || [[Florissimo]] || 2015 || March || National || || No |- | {{flag|China}} || [[Tangshan]] || [[Tangshan International Horticultural Exposition 2016]] || 2016 || May – Oct || International || A2/B1 || No<ref name="Chine2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.aiph.org/site/index_en.cfm?act=teksten.tonen&parent=4683&varpag=6339|access-date=11 August 2014|title=AIPH | Exhibitions, actual programme|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715192006/http://www.aiph.org/site/index_en.cfm?act=teksten.tonen&parent=4683&varpag=6339|archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Republic of China}} |[[Taichung]] |[[2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition]] |2018 |3 Nov. 2018 – 24 Apr. 2019 |International |A2/B1 |No |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Canberra]] |[[Floriade, Canberra]] |1988— |16 September — 15 October 2023 |National | |No |- |{{flag|China}} |[[Yangzhou]] |[[Yangzhou International Horticultural Exposition 2021]] |2021 |8 April – 8 October |International |A2/B1 |No |}
==References== *Andrew C. Theokas ''Grounds for Review: The Garden Festival in Urban Planning and Design'' (Liverpool University Press, 2004 {{ISBN|0-85323-539-2}}) {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Garden festivals}} *[http://www.aiph.org/ AIPH official website] *[http://www.bie-paris.org/ BIE official website]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Garden Festival}} [[Category:Landscape]] [[Category:Gardening|Festivals]] [[Category:Flower festivals]] [[Category:Garden festivals| ]]