{{Infobox Train | background = #F5C71A | name = Ganz CSMG<br />(GCSM, ICS) | image = 14-05-06-Tram-Budapest-Keleti-pályaudvar-RalfR.jpg | caption = CSMG-2 motor coach no. 1410 on<br />Budapest's line 24 in 2014 | interiorimage = Ipari csuklós villamos, utastér.jpg | interiorcaption = Interior of a CSMG motor coach in 2011 | service = 1965–present<br />({{Age in years|1965}} years) | manufacturer = ''underframe, bogies and carbody:''<br />Ganz-MÁVAG Mozdony-, Vagon- és Gépgyár<br />Budapest, {{flag|Hungary}}<br />''traction system:''<br />Ganz Villamossági Gyár<br />Budapest, {{flag|Hungary}} | ordernumber = | factory = | family = | replaced = FVV CSM ''Bengáli'', Ganz UV | yearconstruction = ''CSMG-0:''<br />1964–1965<br />''CSMG-1:''<br />1967–1970<br />''CSMG-2:''<br />1970–1976<br />''CSMG-3:''<br />1977–1978 | yearservice = 1965<br />({{Years or months ago|1965}}) | refurbishment = 1970–1975,<br />1991–1994<br />''(1 CSMG into KCSV-5)'',<br />1996–1999<br />''(20 CSMG into KCSV-7)'' | yearscrapped = 2009 | numberbuilt = ''CSMG-0:'' 2<br />''CSMG-1:'' 35<br />''CSMG-2:'' 87<br />''CSMG-3:'' 30<br />''total:'' 154 | numberservice = | numberpreserved = at least 1<br />(KCSV-5) | numberscrapped = at least 2<br />(CSMG prototypes) | formation = MC,{{efn|name=MC|MC stands for motor coach}} MC+MC | fleetnumbers = ''CSMG-0:''<br />3730, 3731<br />''CSMG-1:''<br />1301–1335<br />''CSMG-2:''<br />1336–1390, 1420–1451<br />''(1371–1390→1400–1419)''<br />''CSMG-3:''<br />1452–1481 | capacity = ''CSMG cars:''<br />201 passengers,{{efn|name=5ppm|assuming 5 passengers/m²}}<br />30 seats<br />''(13xx cars)''<br />196 passengers,<br />38 seats<br />''(14xx cars)''<br />''KCSV-5:''<br />201 passengers,<br />30 seats<br />''KCSV-7:''<br />192 passengers,<br />36 seats | operator = Fővárosi Villamosvasút (FVV),<br />Budapest, {{flag|Hungary}}<br />''(1965–1967)''<br />Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat (BKV),<br />Budapest, {{flag|Hungary}}<br />''(1968–present)'' | depots = | lines = | carbody = Steel | trainlength = | carlength = ''carbody:''<br />{{convert|26000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />''between couplers:''<br />{{convert|26900|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2300|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = ''CSMG cars:''<br />{{convert|3100|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />''KCSV cars:''<br />{{convert|3500|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | floorheight = {{convert|850|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | platformheight = | entrylevelorstep = step | art-sections = two<br />''CSMG-0 prototypes until 1974:''<br />one | wheeldiameter = {{convert|670|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | wheelbase = {{convert|1800|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} | doors = folding doors,<br />5 per side,<br />2+2+2+2+2<br />''CSMG-0 prototypes until 1974:''<br />folding doors,<br />4 per side,<br />2+2+2+2 | maxspeed = {{convert|50|kph|mph|abbr=on}} | weight = ''CSMG cars:''<br />{{convert|33600|kg|ST|abbr=on}}<br />''KCSV cars:''<br />{{convert|34000|kg|ST|abbr=on}} | acceleration = | deceleration = | axleload = | traction = 4 × Ganz TK 44 | poweroutput = ''CSMG cars:''<br />4 × {{convert|66|hp-electrical|kW|abbr=on}}<br />(={{convert|264|hp-electrical|kW|abbr=on}})<br />''KCSV cars:''<br />4 × {{convert|61|hp-electrical|kW|abbr=on}}<br />(={{convert|244|hp-electrical|kW|abbr=on}}) | tractiveeffort = | transmission = | aux = 24 V DC | powersupply = 24 V DC | hvac = electric heating<br />''(originally only on CSMG-1)'' | electricsystem = 600 V DC from overhead line | collectionmethod = pantograph | uicclass = Bo'2'2'Bo'tr{{efn|name=UICtr|the UIC axle arrangement classification appendix "tr" officially denotes a tram vehicle}}<br />''CSMG-0 prototypes until 1974:''<br />Bo'2'Bo'tr | wheel arrangement = | bogies = pivoting | brakes = electric | safety = proprietary tramset breakage sensing system | coupling = ''mechanical:''<br />Alemann-type trichterkupplung<br />''electrical:''<br />proprietary DC connectors | multipleworking = only with same type | light = incandescent light bulbs | gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} | notes = }} The '''{{lang|hu|Ganz CSMG}}''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈɡɒnz ˈt͡ʃeːɛmɡeː|lang}}), known in official {{lang|hu|FVV/BKV}} records as '''{{lang|hu|GCSM}}''',{{efn|name=GCSM|{{lang|hu|GCSM}}: {{IPA|hu|ˈɡeːt͡ʃeːɛm|}}}} or sometimes known as '''{{lang|hu|ICS}}''',{{efn|name=ICS|{{lang|hu|ICS}}: {{IPA|hu|ˈiːt͡ʃeː|}}}} is a series of tramcars which was manufactured by Hungarian companies {{lang|hu|Ganz-MÁVAG Mozdony-, Vagon- és Gépgyár}} ("Ganz-MÁVAG Locomotive, Carriage and Machine Factory") and {{lang|hu|Ganz Villamossági Gyár}} ("Ganz Electric Factory"). The {{lang|hu|CSMG}} tramcars have three main variants, which are all eight axle rail motor coaches with a Bo'2'2'Bo'tr axle arrangement, the last variant being capable of operating as electric multiple units. The cars were manufactured in Budapest between 1964 and 1978, and in overall 152 regular units and two prototypes were made.
The official {{lang|hu|CSMG}} designation resolves to {{lang|hu|'''Cs'''uklós '''M'''otorkocsi, '''G'''anz}} ("Articulated Motor Coach, Ganz"), this was changed to {{lang|hu|GCSM}} in {{lang|hu|FVV}} and {{lang|hu|BKV}} records, and the semi-official {{lang|hu|ICS}} resolves to {{lang|hu|'''I'''pari '''Cs'''uklós}} ("Industrial Articulated"), because it was the first articulated tram design in Hungary which was produced by a regular manufacturing company instead of an in-house workshop of a transit company. The final production variant of the series is capable of controlling another unit of its type through proprietary 50-wire cables, though traction current isn't shared between units. The trams are also capable of sensing the breakup of the tramset with a proprietary system implemented along the couplers. Two prototypes, sometimes referred to as {{lang|hu|CSMG-0}}, were made before mass production started, these cars originally had a single articulated joint instead of two, but later these were extended. The production variants {{lang|hu|CSMG-1}}, {{lang|hu|CSMG-2}} and {{lang|hu|CSMG-3}} were unified over the years and now they are referred to as {{lang|hu|CSMG-E}}. One damaged car was rebuilt with experimental features, and its type is referred to as {{lang|hu|KCSV-5}}.{{efn|name=KCSV|{{lang|hu|KCSV}}: {{IPA|hu|ˈkaːt͡ʃeːveː|}}}} Partly based on the operating experiences of this car, in the 1990s 20 {{lang|hu|CSMG}} cars were refurbished, their type is referred to as {{lang|hu|KCSV-7}}. The {{lang|hu|CSMG}} was intended to replace the lower capacity {{lang|hu|Ganz UV}}{{efn|name=UV|{{lang|hu|UV}}: {{IPA|hu|ˈuːveː|}}}} and obsolete, in-house {{lang|hu|FVV CSM}}{{efn|name=FVVCSM|{{lang|hu|FVV CSM}}: {{IPA|hu|ˈɛfveːveː ˈt͡ʃeːɛm|}}}} {{lang|hu|Bengáli}} trams.
{{lang|hu|CSMG}} tramcars are still in active service in Budapest, whereas – with the exception of the two prototypes – the first scrapping took place only in 2009, when the only {{lang|hu|KCSV-5}} car was taken out of service owing to maintenance difficulties. The first tramcar entered passenger service in 1965, thus the series is now in continuous service for {{Age in years|1965}} years. The series also carries the distinction of having one of the cars take Diana, Princess of Wales on a ride along the city's scenic Line 2 on the Danube's bank. {{lang|hu|CSMG}} tramcars are nicknamed as {{lang|hu|ICS}} or {{lang|hu|ipari csuklós}} ("industrial articulated"), {{lang|hu|Ganz csuklós}} ("Ganz articulated"), or when running in multiple unit pairs, {{lang|hu|Góliát}} ("Goliath").
== Design and manufacturing ==
The CSMG series was Ganz's, and thus the Hungarian machine industry's first foray into articulated rail vehicle production as the obsolete CSM ''Bengáli'' tramcars made by FVV's in-house Árpád Füzesi Workshop, and Ganz's own lower capacity UV series proved to be inadequate for the growing demands of Budapest's tram network. Thus two CSMG prototypes, sometimes referred to as CSMG-0, were manufactured between 1964 and 1965. These had only one articulation, but were expanded with another body section later to resemble the production variants, as they were in passenger service for some years. After the first CSMG production run however, features were scaled back, this resulted in tramcars having less comfort, but after years of repairs and refurbishments, almost all CSMG cars converged to a general set of specifications referred to as CSMG-E (''Csuklós Motorkocsi, Ganz – Egységesített'', "Articulated Motor Coach, Ganz – Unified").
Eventually 3 main variants of CSMG tramcars were produced, these variants are shown in the following table.
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Variant !! Production years !! Production numbers !! Fleet numbers |- | CSMG-1<br />(CsMG.1) || 1967–1970 || 35 || 1301–1335 |- | CSMG-2<br />(CsMG.2) || 1970–1976 || 87 || 1336–1390, 1420–1451<br />(1371–1390→1400–1419) |- | CSMG-3<br />(CsMG.3) || 1977–1978 || 30 || 1452–1481 |}
Between 1991 and 1994, a CSMG car damaged in the 1980s was rebuilt and modernized by Ganz and got the designation KCSV-5 (''Korszerűsített Csuklós Villamos, 5-ös típus'', "Modernized Articulated Tram, type 5"). Based on the experiences with this car, 30 CSMG cars were refurbished between 1996 and 1999, these were designated as KCSV-7 (''Korszerűsített Csuklós Villamos, 7-es típus'', "Modernized Articulated Tram, type 7"). These shouldn't be confused with Ganz's last articulated tram type, the similarly designated KCSV-6.
CSMG-related prototypes, refurbishments and other related vehicles are shown in the following table.
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Vehicle !! Type !! Production<br />years !! Production<br />numbers !! Fleet numbers !! Notes |- | CSMG prototype<br />(CSMG-0) || articulated motor coach, prototype || 1964–1965 || 2 || 3730,<br />3731 || |- | CSMG-E<br />(''Csuklós Motorkocsi, Ganz – Egységesített'',<br />"Articulated Motor Coach, Ganz – Unified") || articulated motor coach || colspan="3" | n.a. || refurbished CSMG cars |- | KCSV-5<br />(''Korszerűsített Csuklós Villamos, 5-ös típus'',<br />"Modernized Articulated Tram, type 5") || articulated motor coach, prototype || 1991–1994 || 1 || 1303 || rebuilt from a damaged<br />CSMG car |- | KCSV-7<br />(''Korszerűsített Csuklós Villamos, 7-es típus'',<br />"Modernized Articulated Tram, type 7") || rowspan="2" | articulated motor coach || 1996–1999 || 30 || 1321, 1325-32, 1335-37, 1339, 1340, 1343-48, 1350-56, 1359, 1362, 1370<ref>{{cite web | url=https://transphoto.org/list.php?serv=0&mid=693&cid=9 | title=Budapest, Ganz KCSV7 — Roster }}</ref> || refurbished CSMG cars |- | ''CSMG oktatókocsi''<br />("CSMG trainer car") || colspan="3" | n.a. || used as training cars for tram<br />drivers, have slanted red<br />striping on top of the livery |}
== See also ==
* FVV CSM * Ganz UV * Ganz KCSV-6 * Ganz MFAV * Trams in Budapest * Ganz Works * Articulated vehicle
== References and notes == {{notelist}} {{Reflist}}
{{Ganz trams and metros}}
CSMG Category:Tram vehicles of Hungary Category:Train-related introductions in 1965 Category:Ganz Works Category:600 V DC multiple units