Gamma probe

{{Infobox diagnostic | name = Gamma probe | image = File:Gamma Probe.png | alt = | caption = A gamma probe | pronounce = | purpose =locate sentinel lymph nodes | test of = | based on = | synonyms = | reference_range = | calculator = | DiseasesDB =  | ICD10 =  | ICD9 = | ICDO = | MedlinePlus =  | eMedicine =  | MeshID = | OPS301 =  | LOINC =  }} A '''gamma probe''' is a handheld device containing a scintillation counter for intraoperative use following injection of a radionuclide to locate sentinel lymph nodes by their radioactivity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gamma Probe|url=https://humanhealth.iaea.org/HHW/Technologists/NuclearMedicineTech/Educationalresources/NuclearMedicinePhysicsforNMT/Equipment/Gamma_Probe/index.html|website=Human Health Campus|publisher=IAEA|accessdate=11 January 2018}}</ref> It is used primarily for sentinel lymph node mapping and parathyroid surgery. Gamma probes are also used for RSL (radioactive seed localization) to locate small and non-palpable breast lesions.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Langhans|first1=Linnea|last2=Levin Klausen|first2=Thomas|last3=Filtenborg Tvedskov|first3=Tove|last4=Vejborg|first4=Ilse|last5=Kroman|first5=Niels|last6=Hesse|first6=Birger|title=Radioguided Surgery for Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions A Mini-Review|journal=Current Radiopharmaceuticals|date=11 August 2016|volume=9|issue=2|pages=114–120|doi=10.2174/1874471009999160625105340|pmid=27593254}}</ref><ref name="RadioguidedSurgery">{{cite book|last1=Mariani|first1=Giuliano|last2=Giuliano|first2=Armando E.|last3=Strauss|first3=H. William|title=Radioguided Surgery|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=Heidelberg|isbn=9780387383279|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBQXV7glXfQC|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|243}}

==History== The sentinel node market experienced high growth in the early and mid-1990s, starting with melanoma sentinel node surgical search and breast cancer sentinel node staging; both are currently considered standards of care.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mansel|first1=Robert E.|title=History, Present Status and Future of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: The Mary Béves Lecture|journal=Acta Oncologica|date=8 July 2009|volume=39|issue=3|pages=265–268|doi=10.1080/028418600750012998|pmid=10987219|s2cid=35410355|doi-access=free}}</ref> The use of a radioactive tracer, rather than a coloured dye, was proposed in 1984.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Torchilin|first1=Vladimir P.|title=Handbook of Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents|date=1995|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849383083|page=242|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ep23lkiftwIC&pg=PA242|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Heller|first1=Samantha L.|last2=Moy|first2=Linda|title=Breast Oncology: Techniques, Indications, and Interpretation|date=2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319425634|page=302|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5w7DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA302|language=en}}</ref>

==Clinical use== To locate the draining lymph nodes or sentinel lymph nodes from a breast cancer tumour, a Technetium-99m based radiopharmaceutical is common. This may be a nanocolloid or sestamibi.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schauer|first1=Alfred|last2=Becker|first2=Wolfgang|last3=Reiser|first3=Maximilian F.|last4=Possinger|first4=Kurt|title=The Sentinel Lymph Node Concept|date=2005|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540263937|page=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPGuxp6mmisC&pg=PA28|language=en}}</ref> Although imaging with a gamma camera may also take place, the idea of a small gamma probe is that it can be used to identify lymph nodes (or other sites) with uptake at a much higher resolution during an operation. The probe may be collimated to restrict the field of detection further.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mariani|first1=Giuliano|last2=Giuliano|first2=Armando E.|last3=Strauss|first3=H. William|title=Radioguided Surgery|date=2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780387383279|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBQXV7glXfQC&pg=PA22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dössel|first1=Olaf|last2=Schlegel|first2=Wolfgang C.|title=World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering September 7 - 12, 2009 Munich, Germany: Vol. 25/III Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of Radiation|date=2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783642039027|page=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRk9JPdXBeUC&pg=PA54|language=en}}</ref>

==See also== *Nuclear medicine *Molecular Imaging

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.aininfo.co.uk/sentinelnode/Surgery_video.htm Video on SLN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510034026/http://www.aininfo.co.uk/sentinelnode/Surgery_video.htm |date=2009-05-10 }} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxpTWhaIjk0 Video on Sentinel Node Mapping in Melanoma]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gamma Probe}} Category:Nuclear medicine Category:Image sensors Category:Medical physics Category:American inventions