Gallup, Inc.

{{Short description|American analytics and advisory company}} {{Distinguish|Gallup International Association}} {{Use American English|date = March 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox company | name = Gallup, Inc. | logo = Logo Gallup.svg | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = Gallup DC Office.jpg | image_size = 200 | image_alt = 300 | image_caption = Gallup Organization headquarters in Washington, D.C. | trading_name = | former_name = {{ubl|American Institute of Public Opinion<ref name="Pace">{{cite news|last1=Pace|first1=Eric|title=George H. Gallup Is Dead at 82; Pioneer in Public Opinion Polling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/28/obituaries/george-h-gallup-is-dead-at-82-pioneer-in-public-opinion-polling.html|access-date=April 24, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=July 28, 1984}}</ref><ref name="Provenzo">{{cite book|last1=Provenzo|first1=Eugene F. Jr.|title=Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education|date=October 29, 2008|publisher=SAGE Publications|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv9yAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT397|access-date=April 24, 2018|isbn=9781452265971}}</ref> |Gallup Organization<ref name=Pace/><ref name="Provenzo"/>}} | type = Private<ref name="Spiro03">{{cite news|last1=Spiro|first1=Leah Nathans|title=Media; Gallup, the Pollster, Wants to Be Known for Its Consulting|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/21/business/media-gallup-the-pollster-wants-to-be-known-for-its-consulting.html|access-date=April 24, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=July 21, 2003}}</ref> | industry = Management consulting | founded = {{Start date and age|1935}} in Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.<ref name=Pace/><ref name="Provenzo"/> | founder = George Gallup<ref name=Pace/><ref name="Provenzo"/> | hq_location = The Gallup Building, 901 F Street, NW, Washington, D.C.<ref name="Keri99">{{cite news |title=Northridge Capital saves Gallup's East End deal |last1=Keri |first1=Jonah |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1999/02/15/focus2.html |newspaper=Washington Business Journal |date=February 15, 1999 |access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> | hq_location_city = | hq_location_country = U.S. | num_locations = 30–40 offices globally<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.omaha.com/special_sections/every-once-in-a-while-you-have-to-bet-everything/article_e9258d7c-71ff-5690-ab4a-3769c6c72b43.html|title='Every once in a while, you have to bet everything or you won't keep developing.' Jim Clifton, President and CEO, Gallup|work=Omaha World-Herald|access-date=April 24, 2018|date=April 9, 2017}}</ref><ref name="LJS">{{cite news|title= Gallup moving into Edgewood Dec. 22|url=http://journalstar.com/business/local/gallup-moving-into-edgewood-dec/article_d51fde1f-bc89-5d4c-b8f6-989877089594.html|access-date=April 24, 2018|work=Lincoln Journal Star |date=December 14, 2011}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2017 | key_people = {{ubl|Jon Clifton (CEO)|Taek Lee (CFO)}} | services = {{ubl|Management consulting<ref name="Spiro03"/>|Analytics<ref name="Piersol15">{{cite news |title=Cliftons, Gallup give $30 million to UNL |last1=Pierson |first1=Richard |url=http://journalstar.com/business/local/cliftons-gallup-give-million-to-unl/article_f80f72f5-279c-519a-a711-a80871b7b6f5.html |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |date=June 5, 2015 |access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>|Research<ref name="Johnson13">{{cite news |title=Polling firm Gallup lands in legal hot water |last1=Johnson |first1=Carrie |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/01/30/170598814/polling-firm-gallup-lands-in-legal-hot-water |work=Morning Edition |publisher=NPR |date=January 30, 2013 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>|Opinion polling<ref name="Spiro03"/>|Publishing<ref name="Spiro03"/><ref name="Kawar">{{cite news|last1=Kawar|first1=Mark|title=Gallup Organization Expects Book Profits to Double with New Publishing Unit.|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-115185785.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231901/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-115185785.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 20, 2018|access-date=April 24, 2018|work=Omaha World-Herald|date=April 9, 2004}}</ref>}} | owner = Employee-owned<ref name="Spiro03"/> | website = {{official URL}} }}

'''Gallup, Inc.''' is an American multinational analytics and advisory company based in Washington, D.C. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for conducting public opinion polls worldwide. Gallup provides analytics and management consulting to organizations globally.<ref name="Boudway_Newsweek">{{cite web|last=Boudway |first=Ira |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-08/right-or-wrong-gallup-always-wins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112023606/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-08/right-or-wrong-gallup-always-wins |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Right or Wrong, Gallup Always Wins|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=November 8, 2012|access-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref> In addition, the company offers educational consulting, the CliftonStrengths assessment and associated products, and business and management books published by its Gallup Press unit.

==Organization== Gallup is a private employee-owned company based in Washington, D.C.,<ref name="Spiro03"/><ref name="Purdum88">{{cite news |title=Nebraska Concern Buys Gallup Organization |last1=Purdum |first1=Todd |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/18/us/nebraska-concern-buys-gallup-organization.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 18, 1988 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> founded by George Gallup in 1935. Headquartered in The Gallup Building,<ref name="Keri99"/> it maintains between 30 and 40 offices globally,<ref name="LJS">{{cite news|title= Gallup moving into Edgewood Dec. 22|url=http://journalstar.com/business/local/gallup-moving-into-edgewood-dec/article_d51fde1f-bc89-5d4c-b8f6-989877089594.html|access-date=April 24, 2018|work=Lincoln Journal Star |date=December 14, 2011}}</ref> in locations including New York City, London, Berlin, Sydney, Singapore, and Abu Dhabi, and has approximately 1,500 employees.<ref name="Names">{{cite news |last1=Staff reports |title=Gallup names Jon Clifton as CEO |url=https://omaha.com/news/local/gallup-names-jon-clifton-as-ceo/article_a42c3960-ebed-11ec-b22b-231aa78c20ad.html |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=Omaha World-Herald |date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330201334/https://omaha.com/news/local/gallup-names-jon-clifton-as-ceo/article_a42c3960-ebed-11ec-b22b-231aa78c20ad.html |archive-date=30 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Offices">{{cite web |title=Global Offices |url=https://www.gallup.com/corporate/212117/global-offices.aspx |website=Gallup |access-date=2 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Jon Clifton became Gallup's CEO, replacing his father, Jim Clifton, who had been the CEO since 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2022 |title=Gallup Announces New CEO |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220613005839/en/Gallup-Announces-New-CEO |access-date=August 6, 2022 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

Gallup, Inc. has no affiliation with Gallup International, a Swiss-based polling organization founded by George Gallup in 1948.<ref name="Economist11">{{cite news |title=What the world thinks; Public opinion on the death of bin Laden |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=532R-NPM1-JCM9-34WT&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=The Economist |date=June 10, 2011 |access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Parkinson17">{{cite news |title=Document: Russia Uses Rigged Polls, Fake News to Sway Foreign Elections |last1=Parkinson |first1=Joe |last2=Kantchev |first2=Georgi |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-does-russia-meddle-in-elections-look-at-bulgaria-1490282352 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> Gallup has sued Gallup International and other organizations for the unauthorized use of the Gallup name.<ref name="Parkinson17"/><ref name="Zeller06">{{cite news |title=Lost in Translation |last1=Zeller |first1=Shawn |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4K83-1TH0-TX7B-T30D&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=Congressional Quarterly Weekly |date=June 23, 2006 |quote=Witness the recent travails of one of the most venerable polling operations, the Gallup Organization. Washington-based Gallup is seeking legal protection against incursions on its brand from overseas polling operations, chiefly in Europe. The company says that these competitors are making unfair use of the Gallup name by unduly playing up their membership in a trade association launched in Europe in 1947 by the polling firm's eponymous founder, George Gallup. |access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>

==History== ===20th century=== George Gallup (1901–1984) founded the American Institute of Public Opinion, the precursor of the Gallup Organization, in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1935.<ref name="Vadukut09">{{cite news |title=Jim Clifton: This guy knows what you're thinking |last1=Vadukut |first1=Sidin |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/QDJvwgVFDTZ2hdMhWz85ZL/Jim-Clifton--This-guy-knows-what-you8217re-thinking.html |newspaper=Mint |date=May 8, 2009 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lepore15">{{cite news|title=Politics and the new machine|last=Lepore|first=Jill|author-link=Jill Lepore|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/16/politics-and-the-new-machine|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=November 16, 2015|access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Gallup attempted to make his company's polls fair by sampling demographics representative of each state's voters.<ref name="Overbey12">{{cite news |title=Double take: George Gallup and the mystery of polls |last1=Overbey |first1=Erin |author-link=Erin Overbey |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/george-gallup-and-the-mystery-of-polls |newspaper=The New Yorker |date=October 26, 2012 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Gallup also refused to conduct surveys commissioned by organizations such as the Republican and Democratic parties, a position the company has continued to hold.<ref name="Vadukut09"/><ref name="Pace84">{{cite news |title=George H. Gallup is dead at 82; pioneer in public opinion polling |last1=Pace |first1=Eric |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/28/obituaries/george-h-gallup-is-dead-at-82-pioneer-in-public-opinion-polling.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 28, 1984 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>

In 1935, George Gallup released his first political opinion poll. In March 1936, ''Time'' magazine wrote that Gallup polling data was "probably as accurate a sample of public sentiment as is available," which included U.S. presidential approval ratings.<ref name="Presidential">{{cite magazine |last1=Waxman |first1=Olivia |title=The History of Presidential Approval Ratings |url=https://time.com/5511118/presidential-approval-ratings-history/ |access-date=2 November 2023 |magazine=Time |date=24 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 1936, Gallup successfully predicted that Franklin Roosevelt would defeat Alfred Landon for the U.S. presidency in direct contradiction to the popular ''The Literary Digest''; this event popularized the company and made it a leader in American polling.<ref name="Pace84"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1199.htm |title=Engines of Our Ingenuity No. 1199: Gallup Poll |publisher=uh.edu |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref> In 1938, Gallup began conducting market research for advertising companies and the film industry.<ref name="Albert14">{{cite news |title=Pulse of the nation: Gallup memorabilia displayed at Blount library |last1=Albert |first1=Linda Braden |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5C5T-61H1-JD6S-R0NF&csi=280434&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=The Daily Times (Maryville, Tennessee) |date=May 11, 2014 |access-date=May 4, 2018}}</ref> [[File:George Gallup 1961 (01).jpg|alt=George Gallup|thumb|George Gallup, who founded the company in 1935 in Princeton, New Jersey]] By 1948, Gallup's company established polling organizations in a dozen other countries,<ref name="Rothman16">{{cite news |title=How One Man Used Opinion Polling to Change American Politics |last1=Rothman |first1=Lily |url=https://time.com/4568359/george-gallup-polling-history/ |newspaper=Time |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> and Gallup's polls were syndicated in newspapers in the U.S. and abroad.<ref name="Clymer84">{{cite news |title=An appreciation; the man who made polling what it is |last1=Clymer |first1=Adam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/28/us/an-appreciation-the-man-who-made-polling-what-it-is.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 28, 1984 |access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref> The modern Gallup Organization was formed in 1958, when George Gallup merged all of his polling operations into one organization.<ref>"[https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/public-opinion-6/measuring-public-opinion-46/the-gallup-organization-267-1448/ The Gallup Organization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731212546/https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/public-opinion-6/measuring-public-opinion-46/the-gallup-organization-267-1448/ |date=2020-07-31 }}." Boundless Political Science. Boundless, November 14, 2014.</ref>

George Gallup died in 1984. Four years later, his family sold the firm for an undisclosed price to Selection Research, Incorporated (SRI), a research firm in Lincoln, Nebraska.<ref name="Purdum88"/><ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|first=Kate|last=Zernike|author-link=Kate Zernike|title=George Gallup Jr., of Polling Family, Dies at 81 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/23/us/george-gallup-jr-of-polling-family-dies-at-81.html|work=The New York Times|date=November 22, 2011|access-date=November 26, 2011}}</ref> The family's involvement with the business continued; sons George Gallup Jr. and Alec Gallup kept their positions as co-chairmen and directors.<ref name="Purdum88"/> George Gallup Jr. (1930–2011) established the nonprofit George H. Gallup Foundation as part of the acquisition agreement.<ref name=nytimes/> SRI, founded in 1969 by the psychologist Don Clifton and not to be confused with the more widely known Stanford Research Institute (also abbreviated SRI), focused on market research and personnel selection; it pioneered the use of talent-based structured psychological interviews.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gallup's Clifton dies at age 79|url=http://journalstar.com/gallup-s-clifton-dies-at-age-this-story-ran-in/article_cb499250-04a5-5852-b48f-282c047ff505.html|website=Lincoln Journal Star|date=June 2015 }}</ref>

Following its sale to SRI, Gallup repositioned itself as a research and management consulting company that works with businesses to identify and address issues with employees and their customers.<ref name="Spiro03"/> Gallup continues to conduct and report on public polls.<ref name="Johnson13"/><ref name="Piersol15"/>

In the 1990s, Gallup developed a set of 12 questions it called Q12 to help businesses gauge employee engagement,<ref name="Workplace">{{cite news |last1=Joyce |first1=Amy |date=9 May 2004 |title=A Workplace Without Friends Is an Enemy |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2004/05/09/a-workplace-without-friends-is-an-enemy/6a1f4c0c-bbf6-4887-9655-e0cf1690d480/ |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref> it entered partnerships to conduct polls for ''USA Today'' and CNN,<ref name="Blake132">{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |date=January 18, 2013 |title=Gallup and USA Today part ways |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2013/01/18/gallup-and-usa-today-part-ways/ |access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref> and launched its Clifton StrengthsFinder online assessment tool.<ref name="Piersol152">{{cite news |last1=Pierson |first1=Richard |date=June 5, 2015 |title=Cliftons, Gallup give $30 million to UNL |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |url=http://journalstar.com/business/local/cliftons-gallup-give-million-to-unl/article_f80f72f5-279c-519a-a711-a80871b7b6f5.html |access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>

In 1999, Gallup analysts wrote ''First, Break All the Rules'', a bestselling book on management.<ref name="Feloni16">{{cite news |last=Feloni |first=Richard |date=September 2, 2016 |title=8 leadership lessons from the book Facebook's HR chief recommends to all new managers |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/lessons-from-first-break-all-the-rules-2016-9 |work=Business Insider |access-date=April 12, 2018}}</ref>

===21st century=== {{update section|Please update what Gallup has been up to since before the 2016 election, particularly in regard to Presidential election polling.|date=November 2024}}

In 2002, ''Fortune Small Business'' wrote that the success of ''First, Break All the Rules'' bolstered Gallup's consulting business.<ref name="Fisher02">{{cite news |title=Break All The Rules After polling thousands of companies, Gallup created a new approach to managing that has helped it and many others grow |last1=Fisher |first1=Anne |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/09/01/329011/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625005440/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2002/09/01/329011/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2013 |work=Fortune Small Business |date=September 1, 2002 |access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>

In July 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice and Gallup reached a $10.5 million settlement based upon allegations that the company violated the False Claims Act and the Procurement Integrity Act.<ref name=doj-2013>{{cite web|title=The Gallup Organization Agrees to Pay $10.5 Million to Settle Allegations That It Improperly Inflated Contract Prices and Engaged in Prohibited Employment Negotiations with Fema Official|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2013/July/13-civ-786.html |website=United States Department of Justice|access-date=July 16, 2013|author=Office of Public Affairs|date=July 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="BlakeJuly13">{{cite news|last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=Gallup agrees to $10.5 million settlement with Justice Department|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/07/15/gallup-agrees-to-10-5-million-settlement-with-justice-department/|access-date=July 16, 2013|work=Washington Post|date=July 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Kendall13">{{cite news|last=Kendall|first=Brent|title=Gallup Settles U.S. Disputes Over Billing|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323664204578607721890957706 |access-date=July 16, 2013|work=Wall Street Journal|date=July 15, 2013|author2=Chaudhuri, Saabira }}</ref> The complaint alleged that Gallup overstated its labor hours in proposals to the U.S. Mint and State Department for contracts and task orders to be awarded without competition.<ref name=doj-2013/><ref name="BlakeJuly13"/> The Department of Justice alleged that the agencies awarded contracts and task orders at falsely inflated prices.<ref name=doj-2013/> The settlement also resolved allegations that Gallup engaged in improper employment negotiations with a then-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) official, Timothy Cannon, for work and funding.<ref name="BlakeJuly13"/><ref name="Kendall13"/> Michael Lindley, a former Gallup employee, originally made the allegations against Gallup under the False Claims Act.<ref name="Kendall13"/> Lindley received nearly $2 million of the settlement.<ref name="Kendall13"/> Under the settlement, there was no prosecution and no determination of liability.<ref name=doj-2013/>

In October 2015, Gallup decided to discontinue presidential election polling, also known as horse race polling, that measured which candidates were ahead, leading into the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref name="Epley15">{{cite news |title=Gallup hopes halting presidential horse-race polling will shine light on other ventures |last1=Epley |first1=Cole |url=http://www.omaha.com/money/gallup-hopes-halting-presidential-horse-race-polling-will-shine-light/article_4b139a5c-57ef-5e92-a08e-bb5320c0f5ee.html |work=Omaha World-Herald |date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="White15">{{cite news |title=Here's Why Gallup Won't Poll the 2016 Election |last1=White |first1=Daniel |url=https://time.com/4067019/gallup-horse-race-polling/ |work=Time |date=October 9, 2015 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Gallup officials said polling could still be accurate during the election, but the company decided to reallocate resources.<ref name="Thee-Brenan15">{{cite news |title=Poll Watch: Gallup Ends 'Horse Race' Polling of 2016 Presidential Race to Focus on Issues |last1=Thee-Brenan |first1=Megan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/10/07/poll-watch-gallup-ends-horse-race-polling-of-2016-presidential-race-to-focus-on-issues/ |work=The New York Times |date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> Frank Newport, then Gallup's editor-in-chief, told ''The Washington Post'' that Gallup would instead conduct polls on "where the public stands on the issues of the day, how they are reacting to the proposals put forth by the candidates, what it is they want the candidates to do, and what messages or images of the candidates are seeping into the public's consciousness".<ref name="Clement15">{{cite news |title=Gallup isn't doing any horserace polling in 2016. Here's why. |last1=Clement |first1=Scott |last2=Craighill |first2=Peyton M. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/07/gallup-isnt-doing-any-horserace-polling-in-2016-heres-why/ |work=The Washington Post |date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>

In February 2026, Gallup announced they would no longer measure presidential approval ratings or track the favorability of public figures. A spokesperson for the company said that approval ratings "are now widely produced, aggregated and interpreted, and no longer represent an area where Gallup can make its most distinctive contribution."<ref name="PostPrezTrackUpdate">{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2026/02/11/republicans-dig-defending-ice|title=Republicans dig in on defending ICE|work=The Washington Post|last1=Choi|first1=Matthew|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last3=Clement|first3=Scott|date=February 11, 2026|accessdate=February 12, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gallup will no longer measure presidential approval after 88 years|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/5733236-gallup-stops-presidential-approval-ratings-polls/|date=February 11, 2026|access-date=February 11, 2026|first=Dominic|last=Mastrangelo|work=The Hill}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Igielnik |first=Ruth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/11/us/politics/gallup-poll-presidential-approval-ratings-trump.html |title=Gallup Will No Longer Track Presidential Approval Ratings |work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 2026 |access-date=February 11, 2026}}</ref><ref name="CNNupdate">{{cite news|url= https://www.cnn.com/2026/02/12/politics/gallup-presidential-tracking-poll-approval|title=Gallup ends its presidential tracking poll, the latest shift in the public opinion landscape|last=Agiesta|first=Jennifer|work=CNN|date=February 12, 2026}}</ref>

==Services== In addition to its Gallup Poll, which contributes a small part of the company's revenue, Gallup offers research and management consulting services, including the Q12 employee engagement survey, and CliftonStrengths.<ref name="Boudway_Newsweek" /><ref name="Melendez15">{{cite news |last1=Melendez |first1=Steven |date=October 2015 |title=Unhappy At Work? Swipe Right To Tell The Boss |newspaper=Fast Company |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3046843/unhappy-at-work-swipe-right-to-tell-the-boss |access-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Feintzeig15">{{cite news |last1=Feintzeig |first1=Rachel |date=February 10, 2015 |title=Everything Is Awesome! Why You Can't Tell Employees They're Doing a Bad Job |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/everything-is-awesome-why-you-cant-tell-employees-theyre-doing-a-bad-job-1423613936 |access-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> The Q12 employee engagement survey asks employees 12 questions about their workplace, coworkers, and management, to measure engagement and help managers and organizations improve productivity.<ref name="Melendez15" /> CliftonStrengths (also known as StrengthsFinder) is an assessment that uses paired statements to measure a person's aptitudes in 34 strength categories, and produces a report outlining their top five strength areas and how to apply them.<ref name="Feintzeig15" /><ref name="Adams09">{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Susan |date=August 28, 2009 |title=The Test That Measures A Leader's Strengths |newspaper=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/28/strengthsfinder-skills-test-leadership-managing-jobs.html#1a6fe96e43d2 |access-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> For K–12 education, Gallup consults and trains schools and school systems to focus on strengths and increase engagement.<ref name="Bui13">{{cite news |last1=Bui |first1=Lynh |date=July 17, 2013 |title=Montgomery County measuring 'hope' to help improve academic success in schools |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/montgomery-county-measuring-hope-to-help-improve-academic-success-in-schools/2013/07/17/79044dfa-e403-11e2-a11e-c2ea876a8f30_story.html |access-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Klein15">{{cite news |last1=Klein |first1=Rebecca |date=April 8, 2015 |title=This District Is Trying To Improve Student Achievement By Making Kids Feel Good About Themselves |newspaper=HuffPost |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/howard-county-schools-gallup_n_7027234 |access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> The company administers the Gallup Student Poll in the U.S., which measures success based on hope, engagement, and well-being.<ref name="Bui13" />

==Gallup Poll== ===Polling in the United States=== {{anchor|Gallup Poll}} [[File:President Donald Trump's Job Approval Ratings. Feb 3-16, 2025 Gallup poll.png|thumb|250px|Gallup poll done Feb 3–16, 2025<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brenan |first1=Megan |title=Trump's Job Approval Rating at 45%; Congress' Jumps to 29% |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/656891/trump-job-approval-rating-congress-jumps.aspx |work=Gallup Poll |date=19 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>]]

Historically, the Gallup Poll has used opinion polling to measure and track the public's attitudes concerning political, social, and economic issues, including sensitive or controversial subjects. The Gallup Poll division's results, analysis, and videos are published daily in the form of data-driven news. As of 2012, conducting polls generated approximately $10 million in the company's yearly financial losses; however, it provides the Gallup brand name visibility, which helps promote its corporate research.<ref name=Boudway_Newsweek /> In 2019, Mohamed Younis replaced Frank Newport as editor-in-chief to lead the Gallup News team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Millennial Has Taken Over the Gallup Poll! |url=https://washingtonian.com/2019/03/13/millennial-mohamed-younis-has-taken-over-the-gallup-poll/ |website=Washingtonian|date=March 13, 2019 }}</ref>

====Gallup Daily tracking methodology==== Until 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agiesta |first=Chris Cillizza, Jennifer |date=2018-01-04 |title=Is polling dead (or dying)? {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/04/politics/gallup-agiesta-q-and-a/index.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Gallup Daily tracking had two surveys: the Gallup U.S. Daily political and economic survey and the Gallup–Healthways Well-Being Index. For both surveys, Gallup conducted 500 interviews across the U.S. per day, 350 days out of the year, with 70% on cellphones and 30% on landlines<ref>{{cite web|title=Methodology Center|url=http://www.gallup.com/178685/methodology-center.aspx|website=Gallup|date=October 17, 2014|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/163631/gallup-daily-tracking-methodology.aspx|title=Gallup Daily Tracking Methodology|publisher=Gallup|access-date=December 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Gallup-Healthways-Well-Being-Index>{{cite news|author=Catherine Rampell|title=Discovered: The Happiest Man in America|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/weekinreview/06happy.html?_r=1&|access-date=November 6, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 5, 2011}}</ref> (with 34% of the nation relying on cell phones only in 2012. Gallup Daily tracking methodology relied on live interviewers, dual-frame random-digit-dial sampling (which included landline as well as cellular telephone phone sampling to reach those in cell phone-only households), and used a multi-call design to reach respondents not contacted on the initial attempt.

The findings from Gallup's U.S. surveys were based on the organization's standard national telephone samples, consisting of list-assisted random-digit-dial (RDD) telephone samples using a proportionate, stratified sampling design based on randomly generated phone numbers from all working phone exchanges (the first three numbers of a local phone number) plus unlisted phone numbers.

Within each contacted household reached via landline, an interview was sought with an adult 18 years of age or older living in the household who would have the next birthday. Because cell phone numbers are typically associated with one individual rather than shared among several members of a household, Gallup did not use the same selection procedure for cell phone interviews. Gallup Daily tracking included interviews in Alaska and Hawaii, and Spanish-language interviews.

When respondents to be interviewed were selected at random, every adult had an equal probability of falling into the sample. The typical sample size for a Gallup poll, either a traditional stand-alone poll or one night's interviewing from Gallup's Daily tracking, was 1,000 national adults, generating a margin of error of ±4 percentage points. Gallup's Daily tracking process allowed Gallup analysts to aggregate larger groups of interviews for more detailed subgroup analysis, but the accuracy of the estimates derived only marginally improved with larger sample sizes.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

After Gallup collected and processed survey data, each respondent was assigned a weight so that the demographic characteristics of the total weighted sample of respondents matched the latest estimates of the demographic characteristics of the adult population available from the U.S. Census Bureau. Gallup weighted data to census estimates for gender, race, age, educational attainment, and region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/101872/How-does-Gallup-polling-work.aspx |title=Public Opinion Polls: How does Gallup Polling Work? |date=May 21, 2010 |publisher=Gallup |access-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref>

The data were weighted daily by number of adults in a household and the respondents' reliance on cell phones to adjust for any disproportion in selection probabilities. The data were then weighted to compensate for nonrandom nonresponse, using targets from the U.S. Census Bureau for age, region, gender, education, Hispanic ethnicity, and race. The resulting sample represented an estimated 95% of all U.S. households.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/110380/How-does-Gallup-Daily-tracking-work.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122084701/http://www.gallup.com/poll/110380/How-does-Gallup-Daily-tracking-work.aspx |archive-date= Jan 22, 2014 |title=How does Gallup Daily tracking work? |date=May 21, 2010 |publisher=Gallup |access-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/160715/gallup-daily-tracking-questions-methodology.aspx |title=Gallup Daily Tracking Questions |publisher=Gallup |access-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref>

====Accuracy==== From 1936 to 2008, Gallup Polls correctly predicted the winner of the presidential election with the notable exceptions of the 1948 Thomas Dewey–Harry S. Truman election,{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} where nearly all pollsters predicted a Dewey victory (which also led to the infamous Dewey Defeats Truman headline{{According to whom|date=March 2019}}), and 1976, when they inaccurately projected a slim victory by Gerald Ford over Jimmy Carter.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} For the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Gallup correctly predicted the winner, but was rated 17th out of 23 polling organizations in terms of the precision of its pre-election polls relative to the final results.<ref>[http://www.politisite.com/2010/08/06/poll-accuracy-in-the-2008-presidential-election-rasmussen-pew/ Poll Accuracy in the 2008 Presidential Election (summary)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120437/http://www.politisite.com/2010/08/06/poll-accuracy-in-the-2008-presidential-election-rasmussen-pew/ |date=December 22, 2015 }} Costas Panagopoulos, Ph.D. Department of Political Science, Fordham University, Initial Report, November 5, 2008</ref>

In 2012, Gallup incorrectly predicted that Mitt Romney would win the 2012 U.S. presidential election.<ref name="Moore13">{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Martha T. |date=June 4, 2013 |title=Gallup identifies flaws in 2012 election polls |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/06/04/gallup-poll-election-obama-romney/2388921/ |access-date=May 1, 2018 |newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> Gallup's final election survey had Mitt Romney at 49% and Barack Obama at 48%, compared to the final election results showing Obama with 51.1% to Romney's 47.2%.<ref>[http://www.gallup.com/poll/158519/romney-obama-gallup-final-election-survey.aspx Romney 49%, Obama 48% in Gallup's Final Election Survey] November 5, 2012.</ref> Poll analyst Nate Silver found that Gallup's results were the least accurate of the 23 major polling firms Silver analyzed, having the highest incorrect average of being 7.2 points away from the final result.<ref name=silver>{{cite news|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/which-polls-fared-best-and-worst-in-the-2012-presidential-race/ |title=Which Polls Fared Best (and Worst) in the 2012 Presidential Race|date=November 10, 2012|first=Nate|last=Silver|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Following the results of the election, Gallup spent six months reviewing its methodology.<ref name="Moore13" /> The company concluded that its methodology was flawed as it made too few phone calls in Eastern and Pacific time zones, overestimated the white vote, and relied on listed landline phones that skewed the sample to an older demographic.<ref name="Moore13" />

Frank Newport, then editor-in-chief of Gallup, responded to the criticism by stating that Gallup simply makes an estimate of the national popular vote rather than predicting the winner, and that their final poll was within the statistical margin of error. Newport also criticized analysts such as Silver who aggregate and analyze other people's polls, stating that "It's much easier, cheaper, and mostly less risky to focus on aggregating and analyzing others' polls."<ref>[http://pollingmatters.gallup.com/2012/11/polling-likely-voters-and-law-of-commons.html Gallup.Com – Polling Matters by Frank Newport: Polling, Likely Voters, and the Law of the Commons]. Pollingmatters.gallup.com (November 9, 2012). Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref>

In 2012, poll analyst Mark Blumenthal criticized Gallup for a slight but routine under-weighting of black and Hispanic Americans that led to an approximately 2% shift of support away from Barack Obama. At the same time, Blumenthal commended Gallup for its "admirable commitment to transparency" and suggested that other polling firms disclose their raw data and methodologies.<ref name=blumenthal>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/17/gallup-poll-race-barack-obama_n_1589937.html|title=Race Matters: Why Gallup Poll Finds Less Support For President Obama|date=June 17, 2012|first=Mark|last=Blumenthal|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref>

In 2013, the accuracy of Gallup polling on religious faith was questioned.<ref>{{cite news|last=Merica|first=Dan|title=Bucking previous trends, survey finds growth of the religiously unaffiliated slowing|url=http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/10/bucking-previous-trends-survey-finds-growth-of-the-religiously-unaffiliated-slowing/?hpt=hp_t2|access-date=January 11, 2013|newspaper=CNN|date=January 10, 2013|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226182903/https://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/10/bucking-previous-trends-survey-finds-growth-of-the-religiously-unaffiliated-slowing/?hpt=hp_t2|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gallup's polling on religiosity in the U.S. has produced results somewhat different<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/159785/rise-religious-nones-slows-2012.aspx |title=In U.S., Rise in Religious "Nones" Slows in 2012 |publisher=Gallup |date=January 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/159548/identify-christian.aspx |title=In U.S., 77% Identify as Christian |last=Newport |first=Frank |publisher=Gallup |date=December 24, 2012 }}</ref> from other studies on religious issues, including a 2012 study by the Pew Research Center, which found that those who lack a religious affiliation were a fast-growing demographic group in the U.S.<ref name="PRC">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/Unaffiliated/nones-on-the-rise.aspx |title='Nones' on the Rise |date=October 9, 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center on Religion & Public Life |access-date=March 7, 2013 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135016/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2016, ''The Wall Street Journal'' published a comparison of Gallup's survey-based measurement of unemployment with the same estimate from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from 2010 to 2016. The numbers almost exactly match, and the trend is highly correlated, despite a larger sample size from the BLS, suggesting Gallup's design and weighting methods generate estimates consistent with government agencies.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-jobless-picture-offers-room-for-interpretation-1469577415 |title=U.S. Jobless Picture Offers Room for Interpretation |date=July 26, 2016 |publisher=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

===Gallup World Poll=== thumb|A Gallup opinion poll from 2023

In 2005, Gallup began its World Poll, which continually surveys citizens in 160 countries, representing more than 98% of the world's adult population. The Gallup World Poll consists of more than 100 global questions as well as region-specific items. It includes the following global indexes: law and order, food and shelter, institutions and infrastructure, good jobs, wellbeing, and brain gain. Gallup also works with organizations, cities, governments, and countries to create custom items and indexes to gather information on specific topics of interest.<ref name="gallup.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/128189/Gallup-global-polling-work.aspx |title=How does Gallup's global polling work? |date=May 21, 2010 |publisher=Gallup |access-date=September 29, 2013}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=September 2013}}{{better source needed|reason=Newer than 2010|date=November 2024}}

Gallup additionally publishes other studies and results, such as its State of the Global Workplace report,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=2023-06-13 |title=Workers are historically stressed out and disengaged |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/13/business/stressed-disengaged-workers-gallup-poll/index.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=CNN Business |language=en}}</ref> Global Emotions report,<ref name="Levels">{{cite news |last1=Rozzelle |first1=Josephine |date=28 June 2023 |title=Global Unhappiness Levels in 2022 Match All-Time High, Report Finds |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2023-06-28/global-unhappiness-levels-in-2022-match-all-time-high-report-finds |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=US News and World Report}}</ref> and Rating World Leaders report.<ref name="Ranks">{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Elliott |date=27 July 2020 |title=U.S. Ranks Low in Gallup World Leadership Report |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2020-07-27/us-fares-poorly-in-gallups-latest-world-leadership-ratings |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=US News and World Report}}</ref>

====Gallup World Poll methodology==== Gallup interviews approximately 1,000 residents per country. The target population is the entire civilian, non-institutionalized population, aged 15 and older. Gallup asks each respondent the survey questions in their own language to produce statistically comparable results. Gallup uses telephone surveys in countries where telephone coverage represents at least 80% of the population. Where telephone penetration is less than 80%, Gallup uses face-to-face interviewing.<ref name="gallup.com"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Louis Harris, Pollster at Forefront of American Trends, Dies at 95|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/us/louis-harris-pollster-at-forefront-of-american-trends-dies-at-95.html|quote=Like Elmo Roper and George Gallup, his pioneering predecessors, Mr. Harris plumbed attitudes with face-to-face interviews, using carefully worded questions put by trained interviewers to subjects selected as part of a group that was chosen as demographically representative of the nation.|last1=McFadden|first1=Robert D.}}</ref>

=== Surveys on China === Gallup is known for its public opinion surveys about China. Its latest survey, published in March 2023, stated that a record-low of 15% Americans have a favorable view of China, a metric it has been measuring since 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-07 |title=Record-Low 15% of Americans View China Favorably |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/471551/record-low-americans-view-china-favorably.aspx |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Gallup |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Neukam |first=Stephen |date=2023-03-07 |title=Americans' view of China hits record low: Gallup |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/3887642-americans-view-of-china-hits-record-low-gallup/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-06 |title=Americans Continue to View China as the U.S.'s Greatest Enemy |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/471494/americans-continue-view-china-greatest-enemy.aspx |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Gallup |language=en}}</ref>

In early November 2023, Gallup announced that it had closed all operations in China, a country that it first entered in 1993.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McMorrow |first1=Ryan |last2=Yu |first2=Sun |date=2023-11-04 |title=US consultancy Gallup withdraws from China |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/dff10673-f3e3-4117-8a71-cb57a9cc4ccb |access-date=2023-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-04 |title=US consultancy Gallup withdrawing from China, Financial Times reports |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/us-consultancy-gallup-withdrawing-china-ft-2023-11-04/ |access-date=2023-11-05}}</ref>

==Gallup's Exceptional Workplace Awards== For more than 15 years, Gallup has recognized organizations with the Gallup Exceptional Workplace Award.<ref>''Abilene Reporter News''. (2023, April 8). [https://www.reporternews.com/story/money/business/local/2023/04/08/business-notebook-hendrick-again-earns-workplace-award/70076228007/ Business Notebook: Hendrick again earns workplace award (reporternews.com)] Retrieved April 19, 2023.</ref> This award is reserved for organizations that meet standards set by the Q12 employee engagement survey, which includes analysis of more than 2.7 million workers across 100,000+ teams.

==Gallup Press== In 2015, Gallup's in-house publishing division, Gallup Press, had published approximately 30 books on business and personal well-being-related themes.<ref name="Adweek1">{{cite news |last=Dilworth |first=Dianna |date=June 9, 2015 |title=Simon & Schuster to Distribute Gallup Books |url=https://www.adweek.com/galleycat/simon-schuster-to-distribute-gallup-books/104764 |work=Adweek |access-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref> Its most recent titles include ''It's the Manager'',<ref name="Consult1">{{cite news |last=Kornik |first=Joe |date=July 8, 2019 |title=Review: It's The Manager|url=https://www.consultingmag.com/2019/07/08/review-its-the-manager/ |url-access=subscription |work=Consulting Magazine |access-date=May 2, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511020802/https://www.consultingmag.com/2019/07/08/review-its-the-manager/ |archive-date= May 11, 2023 }}</ref> ''Wellbeing at Work'',<ref name="Journal1">{{cite journal |last=Hooper |first=Jacqueline |date=April 19, 2022 |title=A Review of "Wellbeing at Work: How to Build Resilient and Thriving Teams" |url=https://jcldusafa.org/index.php/jcld/article/view/76 |journal =Journal of Leadership and Character Development |volume=9 |issue= 1 |access-date=May 2, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218194106/https://jcldusafa.org/index.php/jcld/article/download/76/74/73 |archive-date= Feb 18, 2024 }}</ref> and ''Blind Spot''.<ref name="CEO1">{{cite news |last=Wayne |first=Michael |date=February 8, 2023 |title=Gallup CEO Jon Clifton explains the worldwide rise of negativity |url=https://www.theceomagazine.com/business/health-wellbeing/jon-clifton-blind-spot/ |work=CEO Magazine|access-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref> Other notable Gallup Press books include ''First, Break All the Rules'' and ''StrengthsFinder 2.0'', which in 2017 was reported to be one of Amazon's 20 best-selling books of all time.<ref name="India1">{{cite news |last=|first=|date=July 27, 2012 |title=Book Review: StrengthsFinder 2.0 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/book-review-strengthsfinder-2-0/articleshow/15169588.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times|access-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref><ref name="ChristianToday17">{{cite news |title=The top 20 best-selling books of all time on Amazon include two Christian books (but not the Bible) |url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/the-top-20-best-selling-books-of-all-time-on-amazon-include-two-christian-books-but-not-the-bible/111784.htm |newspaper=Christian Today |date=August 12, 2017 |access-date=May 1, 2018}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== * Cantril, Hadley. ''Gauging Public Opinion'' (1944) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34085 online]. * Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds. ''Public Opinion, 1935–1946'' (1951), massive compilation of many public opinion polls [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.128827 online] * Converse, Jean M. ''Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence 1890–1960'' (1987) * Gallup, George, ed. ''The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935–1971'' (3 vol 1972), compilation of reports on thousands of Gallup polls. * Gallup, George. ''Public Opinion in a Democracy'' (1939), * Gallup, George. ''The Sophisticated Poll Watcher's Guide'' (1972) * Moore, David W. ''The Superpollsters: How They Measure and Manipulate Public Opinion in America'' (1995) [https://www.questia.com/read/8540600 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824040754/http://www.questia.com/read/8540600 |date=August 24, 2010 }} * Roll Jr., Charles W. and Albert H. Cantril; ''Polls: Their Use and Misuse in Politics'' (1972) [https://www.questia.com/read/100814085 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728094759/https://www.gale.com/databases/questia |date=July 28, 2023 }}

==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{official website|https://www.gallup.com/}}

Category:1935 establishments in New Jersey Category:Companies based in Omaha, Nebraska Category:Consulting firms established in 1935 Category:Privately held companies based in Washington, D.C. Category:Public opinion research companies in the United States