Gallopheasant

{{short description|Genus of birds}} {{Redirect|Lophura|the genus of lizards that was called Lophura|Hydrosaurus{{!}}''Hydrosaurus''}} {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Gallopheasants | image = Male Swinhoe's Pheasant.jpg | image_caption = ''Lophura swinhoii'' - Swinhoe pheasant | taxon = Lophura | authority = Fleming, 1822 | type_species = ''Phasianus ignitus'' | type_species_authority = Shaw, 1797 }}

The '''gallopheasants''' (genus '''''Lophura''''') are pheasants of the family Phasianidae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lophura Fleming, 1822 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2473973 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref> The genus comprises 11 species and several subspecies. Several species in this genus are known as '''firebacks''', including crestless and crested firebacks, as well as the Siamese fireback.

==Taxonomy== The genus ''Lophura'' was introduced in 1822 by the Scottish naturalist John Fleming to accommodate a single species, the Bornean crested fireback (''Phasianus ignitus'' Shaw, 1798) which is therefore considered to be the type species by monotypy.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Fleming | first=John | author-link=John Fleming (naturalist) | date=1822 | title=The philosophy of zoology, or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals | volume=2 | location=Edinburgh | publisher=Hurst, Robinson & Co | page=230 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230388 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=117 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482930 }}</ref> The genus name combines the Ancient Greek λοφος/''lophos'' meaning "crest" with ουρα/''oura'' meaning "tail".<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=Lophura | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=Lophura | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=15 February 2025 }}</ref>

==Species== The genus contains the following 11 species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Pheasants, partridges, francolins | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/pheasants/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 February 2025}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" |- ! Image !! Name !! Common name!! Distribution |- |120px |''Lophura edwardsi'' |Edwards's pheasant |Vietnam |- |120px |''Lophura swinhoii'' |Swinhoe's pheasant |Taiwan |- |120px || ''Lophura bulweri''|| Bulwer's pheasant|| Borneo |- |120px |''Lophura leucomelanos'' |kalij pheasant |Pakistan to western Thailand |- |120px |''Lophura nycthemera'' |silver pheasant |mainland Southeast Asia, and eastern and southern China |- | 120px|| ''Lophura erythrophthalma'' || Malayan crestless fireback|| Malay peninsula and Sumatra |- |frameless|120x120px|| ''Lophura pyronota'' || Bornean crestless fireback|| northern Borneo |- |frameless|120x120px |''Lophura rufa'' |Malayan crested fireback |Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra |- |120px |''Lophura ignita'' |Bornean crested fireback |Borneo |- |120px |''Lophura diardi'' |Siamese fireback |Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia |- |120px || ''Lophura inornata'' || Salvadori's pheasant|| Sumatra |- |}

The Vietnamese pheasant ''Lophura hatinhensis'', formerly considered valid, has now been shown to be a variant of Edward's pheasant caused by inbreeding due to small population size.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hennache |first1=A |last2=Mahood |first2=SP |last3=Eames |first3=JC |last4=Randi |first4=E |date=2012 |title=''Lophura hatinhensis'' is an invalid taxon |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289320430 |journal=Forktail |volume=28 |pages=129–135}}</ref>

The Imperial pheasant (''Lophura × imperialis'') is now known to be a hybrid between Edwards's pheasant (''Lophura edwardsi'') and a subspecies of silver pheasant (''Lophura nycthemera annamensis'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hennache |first1=A |last2=Rasmussen |first2=P |last3=Lucchini |first3=V |last4=Rimondi |first4=S |last5=Randi |first5=E |date=2003 |title=Hybrid origin of the imperial pheasant ''Lophura imperialis'' (Delacour and Jabouille, 1924) demonstrated by morphology, hybrid experiments, and DNA analyses |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=573–600 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2003.00251.x|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}