Isotopes of gallium

{{Short description|none}} {{Infobox gallium isotopes}}

Natural gallium (₃₁Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. Synthetic radioisotopes are known with atomic masses ranging from 60 to 89, along with seven nuclear isomers. Most of the isotopes with atomic mass numbers below 69 decay by electron capture and positron emission to isotopes of zinc, while most of the isotopes with masses above 71 beta decay to isotopes of germanium.

The medically important radioisotopes are gallium-67 and gallium-68, used for imaging, and further described below.

== List of isotopes == {{Anchor|Gallium-56|Gallium-57|Gallium-58|Gallium-58m|Gallium-59|Gallium-61m|Gallium-84m}}

<!--Please delete anchor(s) from the list above or table below if adding a dedicated isotope section(s).-->

{{Isotopes table |symbol=Ga |refs=NUBASE2020, AME2020 II, IsotopeFRIB, IsomerFRIB |notes=m, unc(), mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, EC, IT, p, n, discoveryname }} |-id=Gallium-60 | rowspan=3|⁶⁰Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 29 | rowspan=3|59.957041(16)<ref name="orrigo2021">{{cite journal |last1=Orrigo |first1=S. E. A. |last2=Rubio |first2=B. |last3=Gelletly |first3=W. |last4=Aguilera |first4=P. |last5=Algora |first5=A. |last6=Morales |first6=A. I. |last7=Agramunt |first7=J. |last8=Ahn |first8=D. S. |last9=Ascher |first9=P. |last10=Blank |first10=B. |last11=Borcea |first11=C. |last12=Boso |first12=A. |last13=Cakirli |first13=R. B. |last14=Chiba |first14=J. |last15=de Angelis |first15=G. |last16=de France |first16=G. |last17=Diel |first17=F. |last18=Doornenbal |first18=P. |last19=Fujita |first19=Y. |last20=Fukuda |first20=N. |last21=Ganioğlu |first21=E. |last22=Gerbaux |first22=M. |last23=Giovinazzo |first23=J. |last24=Go |first24=S. |last25=Goigoux |first25=T. |last26=Grévy |first26=S. |last27=Guadilla |first27=V. |last28=Inabe |first28=N. |last29=Kiss |first29=G. G. |last30=Kubo |first30=T. |last31=Kubono |first31=S. |last32=Kurtukian-Nieto |first32=T. |last33=Lubos |first33=D. |last34=Magron |first34=C. |last35=Molina |first35=F. |last36=Montaner-Pizá |first36=A. |last37=Napoli |first37=D. |last38=Nishimura |first38=D. |last39=Nishimura |first39=S. |last40=Oikawa |first40=H. |last41=Phong |first41=V. H. |last42=Sakurai |first42=H. |last43=Shimizu |first43=Y. |last44=Sidong |first44=C. |last45=Söderström |first45=P.-A. |last46=Sumikama |first46=T. |last47=Suzuki |first47=H. |last48=Takeda |first48=H. |last49=Takei |first49=Y. |last50=Tanaka |first50=M. |last51=Wu |first51=J. |last52=Yagi |first52=S. |title=β decay of the very neutron-deficient Ge 60 and Ge 62 nuclei |journal=Physical Review C |date=29 January 2021 |volume=103 |issue=1 |article-number=014324 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014324|arxiv=2008.10576 }}</ref> | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/60.pdf 1995] | rowspan=3|69.4(2)&nbsp;ms<ref name="orrigo2021"/> | β⁺ (98.4%) | ⁶⁰Zn | rowspan=3|(2+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁺, p (1.6%) | ⁵⁹Cu |- | β⁺, α? (<0.023%) | ⁵⁶Ni |-id=Gallium-61 | rowspan=2|⁶¹Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30 | rowspan=2|60.949399(41) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/61.pdf 1987] | rowspan=2|165.9(25)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | ⁶¹Zn | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p? (<0.25%) | ⁶⁰Cu |-id=Gallium-62 | ⁶²Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 61.94418964(68) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/62.pdf 1978] | 116.122(21)&nbsp;ms | β⁺ | ⁶²Zn | 0+ | | |-id=Gallium-63 | ⁶³Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 62.9392942(14) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/63.pdf 1965] | 32.4(5)&nbsp;s | β⁺ | ⁶³Zn | 3/2− | | |-id=Gallium-64 | ⁶⁴Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 63.9368404(15) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/64.pdf 1953] | 2.627(12)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | '''⁶⁴Zn''' | 0(+#) | | |-id=Gallium-64m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^64mGa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 42.85(8)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/64Ga-1.pdf 1974] | 21.9(7)&nbsp;μs | IT | ⁶⁴Ga | (2+) | | |-id=Gallium-65 | ⁶⁵Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 64.93273442(85) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/65.pdf 1938] | 15.133(28)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | ⁶⁵Zn | 3/2− | | |-id=Gallium-66 | ⁶⁶Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 65.9315898(12) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/66.pdf 1937] | 9.304(8)&nbsp;h | β⁺ | '''⁶⁶Zn''' | 0+ | | |-id=Gallium-67 | ⁶⁷Ga<ref group="n" name="med">Medical radioisotope used in imaging</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 36 | 66.9282023(13) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/67.pdf 1938] | 3.2617(4)&nbsp;d | EC | '''⁶⁷Zn''' | 3/2− | | |-id=Gallium-68 | ⁶⁸Ga<ref group="n" name="med" /> | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 67.9279802(15) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/68.pdf 1937] | 67.842(16)&nbsp;min | β⁺ | '''⁶⁸Zn''' | 1+ | | |-id=Gallium-69 | ⁶⁹Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 38 | 68.9255735(13) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/69.pdf 1923] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 3/2− | 0.60108(50) | |-id=Gallium-70 | rowspan=2|⁷⁰Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39 | rowspan=2|69.9260219(13) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/70.pdf 1937] | rowspan=2|21.14(5)&nbsp;min | β⁻ (99.59%) | '''⁷⁰Ge''' | rowspan=2|1+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | EC (0.41%) | '''⁷⁰Zn''' |-id=Gallium-71 | ⁷¹Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 40 | 70.92470255(87) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/71.pdf 1923] | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable''' | 3/2− | 0.39892(50) | |-id=Gallium-72 | ⁷²Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 71.92636745(88) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/72.pdf 1939] | 14.025(10)&nbsp;h | β⁻ | '''⁷²Ge''' | 3− | | |-id=Gallium-72m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^72mGa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 119.66(5)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/72Ga-1.pdf 1959] | 39.68(13)&nbsp;ms | IT | ⁷²Ga | (0+) | | |-id=Gallium-73 | ⁷³Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 72.9251747(18) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/73.pdf 1951] | 4.86(3)&nbsp;h | β⁻ | '''⁷³Ge''' | 1/2− | | |-id=Gallium-73m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^73mGa | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0.15(9)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | (2017)<ref group="n">Half-life not measured</ref> | rowspan=2|<200&nbsp;ms | IT? | ⁷³Ga | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ | '''⁷³Ge''' |-id=Gallium-74 | ⁷⁴Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 73.9269457(32) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/74.pdf 1956] | 8.12(12)&nbsp;min | β⁻ | '''⁷⁴Ge''' | (3−) | | |-id=Gallium-74m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^74mGa | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 59.571(14)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/74Ga-1.pdf 1974] | rowspan=2|9.5(10)&nbsp;s | IT (>75%) | ⁷⁴Ga | rowspan=2|(0)(+#) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻? (<25%) | '''⁷⁴Ge''' |-id=Gallium-75 | ⁷⁵Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 74.92650448(72) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/75.pdf 1960] | 126(2)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ⁷⁵Ge | 3/2− | | |-id=Gallium-76 | ⁷⁶Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | 75.9288276(21) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/76.pdf 1961] | 30.6(6)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | '''''⁷⁶Ge''''' | 2− | | |-id=Gallium-77 | rowspan=2|⁷⁷Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46 | rowspan=2|76.9291543(26) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/77.pdf 1968] | rowspan=2|13.2(2)&nbsp;s | rowspan=2|β⁻ | ^77mGe (88%) | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | ⁷⁷Ge (12%) |-id=Gallium-78 | ⁷⁸Ga | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 47 | 77.9316109(11) | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/78.pdf 1972] | 5.09(5)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ⁷⁸Ge | 2− | | |-id=Gallium-78m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^78mGa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 498.9(5)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/78Ga-1.pdf 2009] | 110(3)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁷⁸Ga | | | |-id=Gallium-79 | rowspan=2|⁷⁹Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 48 | rowspan=2|78.9328516(13) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/79.pdf 1974] | rowspan=2|2.848(3)&nbsp;s | β⁻ (99.911%) | ⁷⁹Ge | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (0.089%) | ⁷⁸Ge |-id=Gallium-80 | rowspan=2|⁸⁰Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49 | rowspan=2|79.9364208(31) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/80.pdf 1974] | rowspan=2|1.9(1)&nbsp;s | β⁻ (99.14%) | ⁸⁰Ge | rowspan=2|6− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (.86%) | ⁷⁹Ge |-id=Gallium-80m | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | ^80mGa<ref group="n" name="order">Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.</ref> | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 22.45(10)&nbsp;keV | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/80Ga-1.pdf 2010] | rowspan=3|1.3(2)&nbsp;s | β⁻ | ⁸⁰Ge | rowspan=3|3− | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n? | ⁷⁹Ge |- | IT | ⁸⁰Ga |-id=Gallium-81 | rowspan=2|⁸¹Ga | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2|80.9381338(35) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/81.pdf 1976] | rowspan=2|1.217(5)&nbsp;s | β⁻ (87.5%) | ^81mGe | rowspan=2|5/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (12.5%) | ⁸⁰Ge |-id=Gallium-82 | rowspan=3|⁸²Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 51 | rowspan=3|81.9431765(26) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/82.pdf 1976] | rowspan=3|600(2)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (78.8%) | ⁸²Ge | rowspan=3|2− | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n (21.2%) | ⁸¹Ge |- | β⁻, 2n? | ⁸⁰Ge |-id=Gallium-82m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^82mGa | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 140.7(3)&nbsp;keV | style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/isomers/abstracts/31/82Ga-1.pdf 2009] | 93.5(67)&nbsp;ns | IT | ⁸²Ga | (4−) | | |-id=Gallium-83 | rowspan=3|⁸³Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=3|82.9471203(28) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/83.pdf 1976] | rowspan=3|310.0(7)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, n (85%) | ⁸²Ge | rowspan=3|5/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (15%) | ⁸³Ge |- | β⁻, 2n? | ⁸¹Ge |-id=Gallium-84 | rowspan=3|⁸⁴Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 53 | rowspan=3|83.952663(32) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/84.pdf 1991] | rowspan=3|97.6(12)&nbsp;ms | β⁻ (55%) | ⁸⁴Ge | rowspan=3|0−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, n (43%) | ⁸³Ge |- | β⁻, 2n (1.6%) | ⁸²Ge |-id=Gallium-85 | rowspan=3|⁸⁵Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 54 | rowspan=3|84.957333(40) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/85.pdf 1997] | rowspan=3|95.3(10)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, n (77%) | ⁸⁴Ge | rowspan=3|(5/2−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻ (22%) | ⁸⁵Ge |- | β⁻, 2n (1.3%) | ⁸³Ge |-id=Gallium-86 | rowspan=3|⁸⁶Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 55 | rowspan=3|85.96376(43)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/86.pdf 1997] | rowspan=3|49(2)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, n (69%) | ⁸⁵Ge | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, 2n (16.2%) | ⁸⁴Ge |- | β⁻ (15%) | ⁸⁶Ge |-id=Gallium-87 | rowspan=3|⁸⁷Ga | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 56 | rowspan=3|86.96901(54)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/87.pdf 2010] | rowspan=3|29(4)&nbsp;ms | β⁻, n (81%) | ⁸⁶Ge | rowspan=3|5/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β⁻, 2n (10.2%) | ⁸⁵Ge |- | β⁻ (9%) | ⁸⁷Ge |-id=Gallium-88 | rowspan=2|⁸⁸Ga<ref name="88,89Ga">{{cite journal |last1=Shimizu |first1=Y. |last2=Kubo |first2=T. |last3=Sumikama |first3=T. |last4=Fukuda |first4=N. |last5=Takeda |first5=H. |last6=Suzuki |first6=H. |last7=Ahn |first7=D. S. |last8=Inabe |first8=N. |last9=Kusaka |first9=K. |last10=Ohtake |first10=M. |last11=Yanagisawa |first11=Y. |last12=Yoshida |first12=K. |last13=Ichikawa |first13=Y. |last14=Isobe |first14=T. |last15=Otsu |first15=H. |last16=Sato |first16=H. |last17=Sonoda |first17=T. |last18=Murai |first18=D. |last19=Iwasa |first19=N. |last20=Imai |first20=N. |last21=Hirayama |first21=Y. |last22=Jeong |first22=S. C. |last23=Kimura |first23=S. |last24=Miyatake |first24=H. |last25=Mukai |first25=M. |last26=Kim |first26=D. G. |last27=Kim |first27=E. |last28=Yagi |first28=A. |title=Production of new neutron-rich isotopes near the N = 60 isotones Ge 92 and As 93 by in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon U 238 beam |journal=Physical Review C |date=8 April 2024 |volume=109 |issue=4 |article-number=044313 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.109.044313}}</ref> | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 57 | rowspan=2|87.97596(54)# | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/88.pdf 2024] | rowspan=2| | β⁻? | ⁸⁸Ge | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n? | ⁸⁷Ge |-id=Gallium-89 | ⁸⁹Ga<ref name="88,89Ga"/> | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | |style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/89.pdf 2024] | | | | | | |-id=Cobalt-79 | ⁹⁰Ga<ref name="Shimizu2026">{{cite journal |last1=Shimizu |first1=Y |last2=Rykaczewski |first2=K P |last3=Fukuda |first3=N |last4=Brewer |first4=N T |last5=Dillmann |first5=I |last6=Grzywacz |first6=R K |last7=Nishimura |first7=S |last8=Rasco |first8=B C |last9=Tain |first9=J L |last10=Suzuki |first10=H |last11=Takeda |first11=H |last12=Ahn |first12=D S |last13=Sumikama |first13=T |last14=Inabe |first14=N |last15=Yoshida |first15=K |last16=Ueno |first16=H |last17=Michimasa |first17=S |last18=Algora |first18=A |last19=Allmond |first19=J M |last20=Agramunt |first20=J |last21=Baba |first21=H |last22=Bae |first22=S |last23=Bruno |first23=C G |last24=Caballero-Folch |first24=R |last25=Calvino |first25=F |last26=Coleman-Smith |first26=P J |last27=Cortes |first27=G |last28=Davinson |first28=T |last29=Domingo-Pardo |first29=C |last30=Estrade |first30=A |last31=Go |first31=S |last32=Griffin |first32=C J |last33=Ha |first33=J |last34=Hall |first34=O |last35=Harkness-Brennan |first35=L J |last36=Heideman |first36=J |last37=Isobe |first37=T |last38=Kahl |first38=D |last39=Karny |first39=M |last40=Khiem |first40=L H |last41=King |first41=T T |last42=Kiss |first42=G G |last43=Korgul |first43=A |last44=Kubono |first44=S |last45=Labiche |first45=M |last46=Lazarus |first46=I |last47=Liang |first47=J |last48=Liu |first48=J |last49=Lorusso |first49=G |last50=Madurga |first50=M |last51=Matsui |first51=K |last52=Miernik |first52=K |last53=Montes |first53=F |last54=Morales |first54=A I |last55=Morrall |first55=P |last56=Nepal |first56=N |last57=Page |first57=R D |last58=Phong |first58=V H |last59=Piersa-Siłkowska |first59=M |last60=Prydderch |first60=M |last61=Pucknell |first61=V F E |last62=Rajabali |first62=M M |last63=Rubio |first63=B |last64=Saito |first64=Y |last65=Sakurai |first65=H |last66=Simpson |first66=J |last67=Singh |first67=M |last68=Stracener |first68=D W |last69=Tarifeño-Saldivia |first69=A |last70=Thomas |first70=S L |last71=Tolosa-Delgado |first71=A |last72=Wolinska-Cichocka |first72=M |last73=Woods |first73=P J |last74=Xu |first74=X X |last75=Yokoyama |first75=R |title=Exploration of Neutron-Rich Isotopes around N = 50 via the In-Flight Fission of a 345 MeV/Nucleon 238U Beam |journal=Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics |date=6 March 2026 |volume=2026 |issue=3 |doi=10.1093/ptep/ptag036|hdl=2117/462425 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | style="text-align:right" | 31 | style="text-align:right" | 59 | |style="text-align:center" | [https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/discovery/abstracts/31/90.pdf 2026] | | | | | {{Isotopes table/footer}}

==Gallium-67== Gallium-67 ({{SimpleNuclide|gallium|67}}), the longest-lived radioactive isotope of gallium with a half-life of 3.2617 days, decays by electron capture with gamma emission to stable zinc-67. It is a radiopharmaceutical used in gallium scans (as is gallium-68). This isotope is imaged by a gamma camera.

It is usually used as the free ion, Ga³⁺.

==Gallium-68== Gallium-68 ({{SimpleNuclide|Gallium|68}}) is a positron emitter with a half-life of 67.84 minutes, decaying to stable zinc-68. It is used as a radiopharmaceutical, generated ''in situ'' from the electron capture of germanium-68 (half-life 271.05 days) owing to its short half-life. The isotope, where a cyclotron is available, can be made in greater quantities by proton bombardment of ⁶⁸Zn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kumlin |first1=J |last2=Dam |first2=J |last3=Langkjaer |first3=N |last4=Chua |first4=C.J. |last5=Borjian |first5=S. |last6=Kassaian |first6=A |last7=Hook |first7=B |last8=Zeisler |first8=S |last9=Schaffer |first9=P |last10=Helge |first10=Thisgaard |title=Multi-Curie Production of Ga-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron |journal=Conference: EANM'19 |date=October 2019 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336589918 |access-date=13 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Thisgaard|first1=Helge|last2=Kumlin|first2=Joel|last3=Langkjær|first3=Niels|last4=Chua|first4=Jansen|last5=Hook|first5=Brian|last6=Jensen|first6=Mikael|last7=Kassaian|first7=Amir|last8=Zeisler|first8=Stefan|last9=Borjian|first9=Sogol|last10=Cross|first10=Michael|last11=Schaffer|first11=Paul|date=2021-01-07|title=Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE|url= |journal=EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry|volume=6|issue=1|article-number=1|doi=10.1186/s41181-020-00114-9|issn=2365-421X|pmc=7790954|pmid=33411034 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This positron-emitting isotope can be imaged efficiently by PET scan: see gallium scan. Gallium-68 is normally used as a radioactive label for a ligand which binds to certain tissues, such as DOTATOC and DOTATATE,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chauhan |first1=Aman |last2=El-Khouli |first2=Riham |last3=Waits |first3=Timothy |last4=Agrawal |first4=Rohitashva |last5=Siddiqui |first5=Fariha |last6=Tarter |first6=Zachary |last7=Horn |first7=Millicent |last8=Weiss |first8=Heidi |last9=Oates |first9=Elizabeth |last10=Evers |first10=B. Mark |last11=Anthony |first11=Lowell |date=2020-08-11 |title=Post FDA approval analysis of 200 gallium-68 DOTATATE imaging: A retrospective analysis in neuroendocrine tumor patients |url=https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27695/text/ |journal=Oncotarget |language=en |volume=11 |issue=32 |pages=3061–3068 |doi=10.18632/oncotarget.27695 |issn=1949-2553 |pmc=7429177 |pmid=32850010}}</ref> which are somatostatin analogues useful for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, which gives it a different tissue uptake specificity from the free ion gallium-67 is usually used as. Such scans are useful in locating neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Ga68SSTR">{{Cite journal|last1=Hofman|first1=M.S.|last2=Kong|first2=G.|last3=Neels|first3=O.C.|last4=Eu|first4=P.|last5=Hong|first5=E.|last6=Hicks|first6=R.J.|doi=10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02327.x|title=High management impact of Ga-68 DOTATATE (GaTate) PET/CT for imaging neuroendocrine and other somatostatin expressing tumours|journal=Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology|volume=56|issue=1|pages=40–47|year=2012|pmid=22339744|s2cid=21843609|doi-access=free}}</ref> Thus, octreotide scanning for NET tumors (using indium-111) is being increasingly replaced by gallium-68 DOTATOC scan.<ref name="NETONC">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scott, A, Howe J | display-authors = 2 | title = Management of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors | journal = Journal of Oncology Practice | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 471–482 | date = 2018 | pmid = 30096273 | doi = 10.1200/JOP.18.00135 | pmc = 6091496 }}</ref>

== See also == '''Daughter products other than gallium''' * Isotopes of germanium * Isotopes of zinc * Isotopes of copper * Isotopes of nickel

== References == {{Reflist}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

Category:Isotopes of gallium Category:Gallium Gallium