{{Short description|Chilean economist and professor}} '''Gabriel Palma''' (José Gabriel Palma) is a Chilean development economist. He is an emeritus professor at the University of Cambridge and a part-time professor at the University of Santiago, Chile. He is most noted for his work on dependency theory, the political economy of development in Latin America, and income distribution.<ref>https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/people/emeritus/jgp5</ref><ref>https://www.ineteconomics.org/research/experts/jPalma</ref> He is also known for the Palma ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the richest 10% of the population's share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%'s share. This is based on Palma's finding that middle-class incomes almost always represent about half of gross national income. In contrast, the other half is split between the richest 10% and the poorest 40%, but the share of those two groups varies considerably across countries.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palma|first=José Gabriel|title=Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the 'Inverted-U': the share of the rich is what it's all about|url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/241870/1/cwpe1111.pdf|work=Cambridge Working Papers in Economics (CWPE) 1111|publisher=Cambridge University|access-date=1 May 2024|date=January 2011}}</ref><ref>https://uncounted.org/palma/</ref><ref>Matthews, Dylan (2013) The global upper class makes 32 times as much as the global lower class, Washington Post, September 26, 2013</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Putting the Gini Back in the Bottle? 'The Palma' as a Policy-Relevant Measure of Inequality|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/worldwide/initiatives/global/intdev/people/Sumner/Cobham-Sumner-15March2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423083249/https://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/worldwide/initiatives/global/intdev/people/Sumner/Cobham-Sumner-15March2013.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 April 2013|work=King's International Development Institute|publisher=King's College London|access-date=14 January 2019|author=Alex Cobham|author2=Andy Sumner|date=1 May 2024}}</ref>

Palma gave the 2020 Amartya Sen Lecture, for the Human Development and Capability Association (HDCA) Conference on ''What Went Wrong With European Social Democracy: On Building a Debilitating Capitalism, Where Even the Welfare State Subsidises Greater Market Inequality''. <ref>https://hd-ca.org/videos/plenary-4-what-went-wrong-with-european-social-democracy-on-building-a-debilitating-capitalism-where-even-the-welfare-state-subsidises-greater-market-inequality</ref>

==Selected publications== * Palma, G. (1978). Dependency: a formal theory of underdevelopment or a methodology for the analysis of concrete situations of underdevelopment?. World development, 6(7–8), 881–924. * Palma, J. G., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). Do nations just get the inequality they deserve? The “Palma Ratio” re-examined. In Inequality and Growth: Patterns and Policy: Volume II: Regions and Regularities (pp.&nbsp;35–97). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. * Palma, G. (1998). Three and a half cycles of ‘mania, panic, and [asymmetric] crash’: East Asia and Latin America compared. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22(6), 789–808. * Palma, J. G. (2011). Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the ‘inverted‐U’: It's all about the share of the rich. Development and Change, 42(1), 87–153. * Chang, H. J., Palma, G., & Whittaker, D. H. (1998). The Asian crisis: introduction. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22(6), 649–652. * Arestis, P., Palma, G., & Sawyer, M. (Eds.). (2005). Capital Controversy, Post Keynesian Economics and the History of Economic Thought: Essays in Honour of Geoff Harcourt, Volume One (Vol. 1). Routledge.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palma, Gabriel}} Category:Living people Category:Development economists Category:Dependency theorists Category:Chilean economists Category:Year of birth missing (living people)