{{short description|American architect}} {{For|his grandfather|Gabriel Manigault (merchant)}} {{Infobox person | name = Gabriel Manigault | image = Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of Gabriel Manigault - 1923-13.1 - Albright–Knox Art Gallery.tiff | caption = Manigault by Gilbert Stuart, 1794 | birth_date = 17 March 1758 | birth_place = Charles Town, South Carolina, Great Britain | death_date = {{death date and age|1809|11|4|1758|3|17|df=y}} | death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States | parents = Peter Manigault<br>Elizabeth Manigault | spouse = {{marriage|Margaret Izard|1785}} | children = 7 daughters and 4 sons | relatives = Charles Morris (grandson) }}
'''Gabriel Manigault''' (March 17, 1758 – November 4, 1809) was an American architect.<ref name="unc"/>
==Early life== Manigault was born in Charles Town on March 17, 1758. He was the son of Elizabeth Wragg Manigault and Peter Manigault, the wealthiest person in British North America in 1770.<ref name="NCHR">{{cite book |date=1970 |title=The North Carolina Historical Review |volume=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LuM7AAAAIAAJ&q=%22izard+family%22 |location=Raleigh, NC |publisher=North Carolina Historical Commission |page=17}}</ref> His sister, Henrietta Manigault, was the wife of Nathaniel Heyward, a wealthy rice planter who accumulated at least twenty-two plantations and assorted lands throughout the low country.<ref name="unc"/>
His great-grandfather was Pierre Manigault (1664–1729), a French Huguenot who was born in La Rochelle, France and settled in Charleston.<ref name="Prioleau2010">{{cite book |last1=Prioleau |first1=Horry Frost |last2=Manigault |first2=Edward Lining |title=Register of Carolina Huguenots, Vol. 2, Dupre - Manigault |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-557-24266-5 |page=1143 |publisher=Lulu.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44FBAgAAQBAJ&dq=Charles+Manigault+Morris&pg=PA1143 |accessdate=24 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
==Career== He studied law in Geneva and London in the 1770s; it was in England that he was exposed to the emerging Adamesque style. Manigault returned to Charleston in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War.<ref name="jmhouse">Jonathan Poston, ''Buildings of Charleston'', (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1996).</ref> He participated in the defense of the city during the Siege of Charleston that year. Following the city's fall, Manigault was forced to take an oath of allegiance in order to maintain his family's numerous assets. Following the war, he turned his attention to rice planting on the nearly 25,000 acres he had inherited from his father, Peter. The wealth obtained from this endeavor allowed him to practice as an amateur or "gentleman" architect.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manigault, Gabriel |url=https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/manigault-gabriel/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=South Carolina Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref>
In Charleston, he designed the First Bank of the United States building (now Charleston City Hall), completed between 1800 and 1804, and South Carolina Society Hall, constructed in 1804.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Carolina Society Hall (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/south-carolina-society-hall.htm?utm_source=place&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=experience_more&utm_content=small |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> Manigault's architectural talents also extended to the domestic realm. In 1803, a fine "urban villa" in the Adamesque style was completed for his brother Joseph Manigault on Meeting Street in Charleston.<ref name="jmhouse" /> He may have designed Presqui'ile and William Blacklock House. It is not known if he designed his own home, completed at 290 Meeting Street, ca. 1802. The house was demolished in 1929.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabriel Manigault House, 290 Meeting Street {{!}} Charleston Museum |url=https://www.charlestonmuseum.org/research/collection/gabriel-manigault-house-290-meeting-street/259F01BD-AF57-4766-9205-243387400736 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=www.charlestonmuseum.org}}</ref>
==Personal life== [[File:Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of Mrs. Gabriel Manigault - 1923-13.2 - Albright–Knox Art Gallery.tiff|thumb|1794 Portrait of Manigault's wife, Margaret Izard, by Gilbert Stuart]] In 1785, Manigault was married to Margaret Izard (1768–1824), the daughter of Alice (née DeLancey) Izard and Ralph Izard, a member of the Continental Congress and a United States senator from South Carolina from 1789 to 1805. After her father's death in 1804, her mother lived in Philadelphia. Together, Gabriel and Margaret were the parents of:<ref name="unc">{{cite web|title=Manigault, Morris, and Grimball Family Papers, 1795-1832|url=https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/00976/|website=finding-aids.lib.unc.edu|publisher=Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|accessdate=14 December 2017}}</ref>
* Harriet Manigault, who married Samuel Wilcocks.<ref name="unc"/> * Elizabeth Manigault Morris (1785–1822), who married Lewis Morris (1785–1863), a grandson of Lewis Morris, 3rd and last Lord of Morrisania Manor who was a Continental Congressman and signer of the Declaration of Independence.<ref name="unc"/> * Peter Manigault (1788–1788), who died young. * Gabriel Henry Manigault (1788–1834), who married his first cousin, Anne Manigault Heyward (1800–1855).<ref name="unc"/> * Ann Manigault (d. 1792)<ref name="unc"/> * Charlotte Manigault<ref name="unc"/> * Charles Izard Manigault (1795–1874), who married his first cousin, Elizabeth Heyward (1808–1877).<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Izard Manigault and His Family in Rome - Ferdinando Cavalleri - Google Arts & Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/charles-izard-manigault-and-his-family-in-rome/2AHmFYiXTDBFIw?hl=en|website=Google Cultural Institute|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="gibbespeopleschoice">{{cite web|title=Charles Izard Manigault {{!}} Gibbes People's Choice|url=https://www.gibbespeopleschoice.org/portfolioentry/charles-izard-manigault/|website=www.gibbespeopleschoice.org|accessdate=14 December 2017|archive-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214073055/https://www.gibbespeopleschoice.org/portfolioentry/charles-izard-manigault/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Emma Manigault<ref name="unc"/> * Ann Manigault (d. 1800)<ref name="unc"/> * Edward Manigault<ref name="unc"/> * Caroline Manigault.<ref name="unc"/>
Between the late 1780s and 1790s, the family traveled north frequently, visiting the Izard family who lived in New York. In 1805, Manigault sold part of his South Carolina land, and moved permanently to Clifton, an estate near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.<ref name="unc" /> He died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 4, 1809, aged 52.
===Descendants=== Through his daughter Elizabeth, he was the grandfather of Margaret Ann "Meta" Morris (1810–1881), who married John Berkley Grimball;<ref name="unc"/> and Capt. Charles Manigault Morris of the Confederate Navy.<ref name="Prioleau2010"/>
Through his son, Charles Izard Manigault, he was the grandfather of Professor Gabriel E. Manigault, curator of the Charleston Museum (1873 - 1899). Professor Manigault was responsible for diversifying the Museum's collections and acquiring many of the natural history specimens still on display.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Charleston Museum {{!}} News and Events » Another Year, Another Page: Looking Back on Gabriel Manigault's Contributions |url=https://www.charlestonmuseum.org/news-events/another-year-another-page-looking-back-on-gabriel-manigaults-contributions/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==External links== * [http://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/00976/ Manigault, Morris, and Grimball Family Papers, 1795-1832]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Manigault, Gabriel}} Category:1758 births Category:1809 deaths Category:Owners of plantations in South Carolina Category:Artists from Charleston, South Carolina Category:19th-century American architects Gabriel