{{Sky|04|03|26.24|-|75|22|43.82|13330000000}}{{Short description|Gamma ray burst from a neutron star merger outside their galaxy}} {{Infobox astronomical event|name=GRB 230307A|event_type=[[Gamma ray burst]] | ra = {{RA|04|03|26.24}} | dec = {{DEC|-75|22|43.82}} | constellation = [[Mensa (constellation)|Mensa]]| distance = 900 million [[light years]] (comoving)| redshift = 0.065| energy = 10-1000 KeV| afterglow = AT 2023vfi| image = Gamma-Ray Burst 230307A.png| caption = An image of GRB 230307A with the [[red]] dot on the upper left corner being the [[gamma ray burst]]'s near-infrared afterglow and the [[galaxy]] on the lower right corner being its former home [[galaxy]]}}
'''GRB 230307A''' was an extremely [[Brightness|bright]], long duration [[gamma-ray burst]] (GRB), likely produced as a consequence of a [[neutron star merger]] or black hole - neutron star merger event. It lasted around three minutes,<ref name=":2" /> and was observed to have a gamma ray fluence of 3×10<sup>−4</sup> [[erg]] cm<sup>−2</sup> in the 10 to 1000 [[Electronvolt|KeV]] ([[electronvolt]]) range making it second only to [[GRB 221009A]], which was an extremely bright and long duration [[Gamma-ray burst|gamma ray burst]] deemed to be the Brightest Of All Time. The burst was around 1000 times more powerful than a typical gamma-ray burst.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |author= |date=2023-10-26 |title=Neutron Star Merger Observed Creating Tellurium and Other Heavy Elements |url=https://www.sci.news/astronomy/neutron-star-merger-tellurium-12392.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Sci.News: Breaking Science News |language=en-US}}</ref> The burst had the second-highest gamma-ray fluence ever recorded. The [[James Webb Space Telescope]] ([[James Webb Space Telescope|JWST]]) detected the chemical signature for [[tellurium]] (Te).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levan |first1=Andrew |last2=Gompertz |first2=Benjamin P. |last3=Salafia |first3=Om Sharan |last4=Bulla |first4=Mattia |last5=Burns |first5=Eric |last6=Hotokezaka |first6=Kenta |last7=Izzo |first7=Luca |last8=Lamb |first8=Gavin P. |last9=Malesani |first9=Daniele B. |last10=Oates |first10=Samantha R. |last11=Ravasio |first11=Maria Edvige |last12=Rouco Escorial |first12=Alicia |last13=Schneider |first13=Benjamin |last14=Sarin |first14=Nikhil |last15=Schulze |first15=Steve |date=2023-10-25 |title=Heavy element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06759-1 |journal=Nature |volume=626 |issue=8000 |pages=737–741 |language=en |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06759-1 |pmid=37879361 |issn=0028-0836|arxiv=2307.02098 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=NASA's Webb Makes First Detection of Heavy Element From Star Merger - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-makes-first-detection-of-heavy-element-from-star-merger/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[neutron star]]s were once part of a [[spiral galaxy]] (host galaxy) but were kicked out via [[Gravity|gravitational]] interactions. Then while outside of the main [[galaxy]] at a distance of 120,000 [[Light-year|light years]], they merged, creating GRB 230307A.<ref name=":0" />
230307A is the second brightest gamma ray burst detected in more than 50 years of observations and is located behind the [[Magellanic Bridge]]. Despite its long duration, it is most likely the result of the compact merger of a binary ejected from a [[Local Sheet|galaxy in the local universe]] (redshift z=0.065).<ref>{{cite journal | arxiv=2307.13514 | last1=Mereghetti | first1=Sandro | last2=Rigoselli | first2=Michela | last3=Salvaterra | first3=Ruben | last4=Tiengo | first4=Andrea | last5=Pacholski | first5=Dominik | title=XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations of the bright GRB 230307A : Vanishing of the local absorption and limits on the dust in the Magellanic Bridge | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | date=2023 | volume=956 | issue=2 | page=97 | doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acf846 | bibcode=2023ApJ...956...97M | doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Discovery== At 15:44:06 UT on 7 Mar 2023, the [[Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor]] (GBM) triggered and located GRB 230307A .<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33405?page=15 | title=GCN - Circulars - 33405: GRB 230307A: Fermi GBM Final Real-time Localization }}</ref> at the same time, the [[Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor]] light curve shows a roughly fast rise and exponential decay (FRED) shape with a possible precursor, with a total duration of ~100 sec.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33406 | title=GCN - Circulars - 33406: GRB 230307A: GECAM detection of an extremely bright burst }}</ref> At 2023-03-07T15:44:09Z UT ([[Solar Orbiter]] onboard time), [[Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays]] (STIX) detected GRB 230307A. The gamma-ray burst signal can be clearly seen in the STIX quick-look light curves in the range between 10 - 84 keV. The GRB has a single peak and a duration of about 40 seconds.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33410 | title=GCN - Circulars - 33410: Solar Orbiter STIX observation of GRB 230307A }}</ref> The [[AGILE (satellite)|AGILE]] team also reported hours, T0 =15:44:06 (UTC) The event lasted about 30 s and it released a total number of 527069 counts in the MCAL detector (above a background rate of 1154 Hz), and 920952 counts in the AC Top detector (above a background rate of 2959 Hz).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33412 | title=GCN - Circulars - 33412: GRB 230307A: AGILE/MCAL detection }}</ref> The 2001 Mars Odyssey's [[Gamma Ray Spectrometer (2001 Mars Odyssey)|Gamma Ray Spectrometer]] on Mars also reported it within 12 hours resulting in precisely estimating its incoming direction through [[InterPlanetary Network|Interplanetary Network]] [[triangulation]].<ref>works on the data from several missions and takes advantage from the detection of the same burst by different satellites and/or spacecraft equipped with GRB detectors. The principle on which the IPN is based is simple: by timing the arrival of the same burst at different spacecraft, its incoming direction can be precisely estimated.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33413 | title=GCN - Circulars - 33413: IPN triangulation of GRB 230307A (Long/Very bright) }}</ref> Tellurium (Te) in GRB 230307A was discovered in 2023 by using the [[James Webb Space Telescope|James Webb's Space Telescope's]] ([[James Webb Space Telescope|JWST]]) [[Infrared|mid infrared]] data. JWST obtained mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging and spectroscopy 29 and 61 days after the burst.<ref>JWST detection of heavy neutron capture elements in a compact object merger|https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02098</ref>
==See also== * [[GRB 101225A|Christmas burst]] ([[GRB 101225A]]) - a 28 [[minute]] long [[Gamma-ray burst|Gamma ray burst]] that occurred in December 25, 2010<ref>{{Cite web |last=SVS |date=2015-12-24 |title=NASA Scientific Visualization Studio {{!}} The Christmas Burst |url=https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12077/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=SVS |language=english}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
{{2023 in space}}
[[Category:Long-duration gamma-ray bursts]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2023]] [[Category:Mensa (constellation)]] [[Category:March 2023]]